句子結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句,并列句,復合句.ppt

句子結(jié)構(gòu),英語當中所有的句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三種： 簡單句 并列句 復合句,簡單句,英語當中最小的句子單位，一般有一個限定動詞，一個主語(或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語） Eg. My wallet is missing. 我的錢包掉了。 主語 謂語 但可以用連詞and將兩個或以上主語或動詞合并為一個簡單句 Eg. My mother loves rice. I love rice. 合并為 My mother and I love rice. 主語 謂語 We played games yesterday. We laughed yesterday. 合并為 We played games and laughed yesterday. 主語 謂語,簡單句5種基本句型,主語+謂語vi. (+狀語） eg. He cant fly. My ink has run out. I was sleeping. Wheat grows well all year around in north of China. 主語 謂語 方式狀語 時間狀語 地點狀語 He suffered from hunger and cold. 主語 謂語 介詞短語做狀語 My head aches heavily., 主語+系動詞+表語 常見系動詞：be:am/is/are/was/were 感官動詞look/seem/appear/sound/taste/smell/touch/feel 趨向動詞：get/become/turn/grow/fall/remain/stay/prove eg. I am interested in music. 主 系 表 介詞短語 The flowers smell nice. 主 系 表 They have grown stronger than before. 主 系 表 介詞短語 Winter turns colder this year. 主 系 表 時間狀語 He will become a scientist in the future. 主 系 表 介詞短語,主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語,eg. I met an interesting person last year. 主 謂 賓（用定語修飾） 時間狀語 Have you read the story about the witch yet? 助動詞 主 謂 賓 介詞短語 狀語 He should look up the new words in the dictionary in advance. 主 謂 賓 介詞短語 狀語 My friend hasnt called me for a long time. 主 謂 賓 時間狀語 They will put up a factory and a premise next year. 主 謂 賓 時間狀語,主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語 常見跟雙賓語的動詞：give/ask/bring/offer/send/pay/lend/show/tell/buy 間接賓語可以緊跟動詞之后，也可用to后置 eg. She always gives me a surprise.=She always gives a surprise to me. He bought her a laptop.=He bought a laptop to her. 間接賓語可以緊跟動詞之后，也可用其他介詞后置(for/of ect.) eg. Could you do me a favor?=Could you do a favor for me? He robbed me of a necklace. The doctor cured her of cancer.,主語+謂語+賓語+補語,常見的賓語補足語有：形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、分詞,eg. I made my sister angry. 主 謂 賓 補（形容詞） They saw a puma running after them. 主 謂 賓 補（現(xiàn)在分詞） I heard the window broken. 主 謂 賓 補（過去分詞） He considered it an easy question. 主 謂 賓 補（名詞） I found him out. 主 謂 賓 補（副詞） He feels the yogurt in the fridge. 主 謂 賓 補（介詞短語） We noticed him steal the purse. 主 謂 賓 補（省to的不定式）,并列句,將幾個簡單句連接起來構(gòu)成并列句，不存在單獨的主句和從句；各小句根據(jù)上下文的要求按邏輯次序排列，但各小句同等重要并獨立存在。 連接方式： 用分號，兩個分句有邏輯關(guān)系 eg. We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing. 主 謂 狀語 主 謂 賓 用連接副詞，后常用逗號 eg. He came to visit me. However, I wasnt there. 連接副詞 He wasnt punished. Above all, hes a child. 連接副詞 It is very dry. In addition, it hasnt rained for days. 連接副詞,用并列連詞連接 表示連接：and/not only.but also./neither.nor eg. Its summer and a lot of people swim in the sea Not only did he help me, but also he encouraged me. Neither have I seen her nor has he seen her. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but/yet/while/however/still eg. He is from China, but he cannot speak Chinese. I hunt for jobs for months, yet I found nothing. The wife is crying, while the husband is smoking. It is raining heavily, still he wont go home. 表示選擇：or/either.or/otherwise eg. Work hard, otherwise youll be sorry. Hurry up, or well miss the train. Either you are mad or I am mad. 表示因果關(guān)系：for(原因)/so/therefore eg. The book didnt sell well, for it is not for children. I have no money, so I just had a window shopping. The water runs out, therefore I drank coffee.,主從復合句,由一個主句和一個或以上的從句構(gòu)成。 主句是主體，通常可獨立存在；從句只做一個成分，不能獨立存在。,eg. He told me that he would leave. 主句 從句 If you listen to me, youll get over it. 主句 從句 When I heard the news, I was shocked. 主句 從句 I have watered the flowers which were put in the balcony. 主句 從句 She was so excited that she fainted. 主句 從句 從句不能獨立成為一個句子，雖然它有主語和謂語。 從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導，結(jié)構(gòu)是：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+主語+謂語,復合句構(gòu)成方法,用連詞將主句和從句連接，引導從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有以下五類： 從屬連詞：that（無詞義），before（在前），whether（是否），after（在之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自從）, because（因為），as/so long as（只要），when（當時候），so that（結(jié)果）,疑問代詞：who, which, whom, what, whose等。 疑問副詞：when, why, where, how 關(guān)系代詞：who, which, whom, that, whose 關(guān)系副詞：when, why, where,引導主語從句，賓語從句,引導定語從句,用動詞不定式或分詞結(jié)構(gòu),不定式做狀語往往表示目的，原因，結(jié)果。,目的：Australia considers making a law to deal with aging population. 目的狀語 To get a job, he need a PHD. 目的狀語 注：當不定式表目的時，相當于in order to 或so as to To find a job, he attended many interviews He attended many interviews in order to find a job.,原因：To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 常見的這類短語有to be frank 坦白的說， to be exact確切地說，to begin with首先，to make a long story short長話短說等。,結(jié)果：He arrived at the station only to find the train had left. only to 表示結(jié)果，不放句首。,現(xiàn)在分詞： 1. 作后置定語，相當于定語從句 2.作伴隨狀語 （主語與主干的主語一致） 與主語為主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生 The manager acting for the company was in direct relation with the laborers. 后置定語 Playing basketball, Tom saw a stranger. 伴隨狀語 主句 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 原因狀語 Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. 時間狀語 Being a child, he cant enter into the interbar 原因狀語,分詞,分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。 分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。,當主句的主語與從句的主語不一致時，從句中的主語不能省略。 Wheather permitting, we will go camping. 從句主語 現(xiàn)在分詞 主句主語 主句中的主語與從句中的主語不一致。從句中的主語與現(xiàn)在分詞形成主謂關(guān)系。因此，現(xiàn)在分詞前不能省略其主語. I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first. 主句主語 從句主語 現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞主動：doing 被動:being done 過去式:having done 否定：not doing Not knowing her address, I wasnt able to contact her. Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. Having been told many times, he still reported the same mistake.,過去分詞 1. 作后置定語，相當于定語從句 2. 作伴隨狀語 與主語呈被動關(guān)系表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。,The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students. 主語 過去分詞 Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 過去分詞 主語,過去分詞的主語與從句的主語不一致，前面也要帶上主語。 All things considered, her paper is of great value than yours. 從句主語 過去分詞 主句主語,Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 過去分詞做后置定語,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的根本區(qū)別是主、被動關(guān)系。 明白這一道理并不難，最重要的是要養(yǎng)成“分析句子成分尋找邏輯主語判斷主被動關(guān)系”這一思維定勢。,練習： 1. She caught the student _ (cheat) in exams. 2. _(compare) with the ol