新聞傳播學論文-On Teaching of Bilingual Journalism Education in China.doc

新聞傳播學論文-OnTeachingofBilingualJournalismEducationinChinaAbstractBilingualjournalismeducation(knownasInternationalJournalismEducation)inChinaaimstotrainjournalismprofessionalswhocanworkinbothEnglishandChinesemediaorganizations.Havingdevelopedrapidlyinthepastdecade,bilingualjournalismeducation(BJE)programsareinauniquejournalismeducationpositioninChinabycombiningEnglish-stylejournalisticpracticeandconceptswithEnglishlearning.ThispaperfirstprovidesareviewofthedevelopmentofBJEinChina,thenexplorestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheBJEteachingmodelinChinaandofferstheresultsofacasestudyoftheBJEprogramatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity(SISU),withfocuseddiscussionsonstudentsjoborientationandoverallcoursearrangementoftheschoolsBJEprogram.ThepaperalsoprovidesananalysisofthechallengesthatBJEprogramsfaceinChina.Intheend,anassessmentismadeofBJEdevelopmenttrendsinChina.Inthepastdecade,bilingualjournalismeducationinChina(knownasInternationalJournalismEducationinChina)hasdevelopedrapidly.Theprogram,aimedattrainingfuturereportersandeditorswhocommandbothEnglish-languageandjournalisticskillsandareabletoworkinbothChineseandEnglishmediainstitutionsathomeandabroad,enjoysauniquepositioninthecontemporaryjournalismeducationinChina.ThispaperfirstprovidesareviewofthedevelopmentofBJEinChina,thenexplorestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheexistingBJEteachingmodelofinChinabyreferringtoacasestudyofaBJEprogramatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity(SISU),oneofthepioneeruniversitiesinChinainBJEsincethe1980s,withfocuseddiscussionsonstudentsjoborientationandoverallcoursearrangementofitsBJEprogram.Basedonacasestudy,thispaperalsooffersananalysisofthechallengesBJEfacesinChina.Finally,anassessmentispresentedaboutthefuturetrendsofBJEinChinainaChineseenvironment.DevelopmentofBilingualJournalismEducation(BJE)inChinaBJEinChinacanbetracedtothe1920swhenYanchingUniversity(nowBeijingUniversity)inBeijing,FudanUniversityandSt.JohnsUniversityinShanghaistartedU.S.-stylejournalismprogramsinwhichmostcourseswerepresentedinEnglish.After1949,BJEwasterminatedasuniversitiesinChinaabandonedtheAmericanjournalismmodelandfollowedtheSovietmodel.Infact,BJEwasnotresumedinChinauntiltheearly1980swhenChinasAcademyofSocialSciencefirststartedagraduatebilingualjournalismprogramfocusingonEnglishnewswritingandeditingandtheBeijingBroadcastingInstitutebeganabilingualjournalismprogramforundergraduatesinitsEnglishDepartment.However,itwasonlyafter1983thattheBJEboombeganinChinawhenfivemoreuniversitiesstartedbilingualjournalismprograms.TheBJEprograms(mostofthemknownasInternationalJournalismPrograms)wereinitiatedasdual-bachelor-degreeprograms,inwhichstudentsreceivedbachelordegreesasEnglishmajorsandalsoBAdegreesininternationaljournalismafterthreeyearsofextensivewestern-stylejournalistictraining.MostEnglish-languagejournalistictrainingwasprovidedbyjournalismprofessorsandmediapractitioners(knownasforeignexperts)fromtheUnitedStates,GreatBritainandAustralia,whowereeitherfundedbysuchnon-profitorganizationsastheFulbrightFoundationandtheFordFoundationoremployedbyChineseuniversities.ChinasEnglish-languagemediainstitutionssuchasXinhuaNewsAgency,CCTV,ChinaDailyandRadioChinaInternationalalsosentreportersandeditorstothesecampuses,torecruitmorequalifiedfuturestaffmemebers.In1983thefiveprograms,togetherwiththeoneatBeijingBroadcastingInstitute,enrolledanestimated176BJEstudents.Asaresult,BJEwashailedasadramaticreforminthehistoryofjournalismeducationinChinaatthetime.Forthenexttenyears,withthewithdrawaloffinancialsupportfromChinesegovernmentandmediainstitutions,mostBJEprogramsinChinastoppedthepracticeofenrollingdualBAstudentsandstartedtorecruitundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Inthepastfiveyears,moreuniversitieshavestartedorexpandedtheirBJEprograms.GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesstartedaBJEprogramin1999andShangtouUniversityin2001.BeijingUniversityexpandedtheprogramintheirnewlyfoundSchoolofJournalismandCommunication.Otheruniversities(suchasWuhanandTsinghua)aretryingtoincludemoreEnglishjournalismcoursesintheircurriculaeventhoughtheydonothaveBJEprograms.ReasonsforChinatoPromoteBJEThereasonsforChinatoinitiateandpromoteBJEinthepast20yearsaremultifold.First,itisaresultoftheEnglishdominanceintheareaofinternationalcommunication.AsEnglishservesasakindof“internationallanguage”inthecurrentglobalcommunication,itisnaturalforChina,acountrythatstrivesforabetternationalimageintheinternationalarena,totrainthroughBJEitsownreportersandeditorswhocanworkinbothEnglishandChinese.Second,asChinaseconomycontinuestoboomatarateofabout10%,themediaindustry(includingEnglishandChinesemedia)hasbecomethefourthmostprofitableindustryinChina,withmorethan50newspaperchainsandradioandTVgroups.TheInternetmediaarealsodevelopingrapidly.The13thAnnualReportofCNNIConJanuary15,2004showsthatasofDecember31,2003,totalnumberofnetizensinChinais795million,thesecondlargestnumberintheworld.ThefastdevelopmentofChinasmediaindustrysurelycallsformoreinternational(namelyBJE)reportingandeditingstaffmembers.ThreespecificfactorsarecontributingtotherapiddevelopmentofBJEandtheincreasingdemandforbilingualjournalistsandeditorsinChina:(1)MoreandmoremediainstitutionsinChinaarebecomingbilingual(EnglishandChinese),evenmultilingual.NotonlydoEnglish-languagemedialikeCCTV-9,ChinaDailyandShanghaiDailyrecruitBJEgraduates,butChinese-languagemediaorganizationsarealsowillingtoenrollbilingualjournalisticstaffmembers,whocandirectlyinterviewEnglishspeakingpeopleinsideandoutsideChina.LiuHong,aneditor-in-chiefofJobweek,anewlyfoundedweeklynewspaperinShanghai,foundthatitishardtoattractBJEgraduatestohernewspaperasherpublicationisnotbigenoughandthesalaryfromothermediaorganizationsismorecompetitive.Besides,BJEstudentswhodidtheirinternshipsatdifferentnewspaperagenciesfoundthattheyweregivenmoreopportunitiesintheirjobssimplybecausetheyhavetheabilitytousetheEnglishlanguagealongwiththeirbasicjournalisticskills.(2)MoreChineseuniversitieshavestartedjournalismprogramsinthepastdecade.In1992,Chinaonlyhad52schoolsofjournalismand77journalismdepartments.Tenyearslater,in2002,thosenumbersjumpedto96and232,respectively.From2002to2003,thenumberofjournalismprogramshasreached323,anincreaseof91journalismprogramsinjustoneyear.Toenhancecompetitivenessfortheirjournalismgraduatesinthejobmarket,journalismprogramsindifferentuniversitiesarestrivingtodevelopadistinctionfortheirprogramsandtheyhavefoundBJEtobeagoodoption.(3)MediainstitutionsandprofessionalsinChinaareeagertolearnfromtheWesternjournalisticpracticestoenhancetheirinternationalinfluence.Forexample,SouthernWeekly(NanfangZhoumo),apopularweeklynewspaperinChina,advocatespubliclythatitisfollowingthemodeloftheNewYorkTimes.ThenewlyfoundedSchoolofJournalismatTsinghuaUniversityistryingtoenhanceitsinfluencebyimportingaseriesoforiginalEnglishtextbooksonjournalismandcommunication.BJEhassurelycateredtoalltheneeds.CaseStudyofBJETohaveabetterunderstandingoftheBJEteachingmodelinChina,particularlyitsdevelopmentinthepast20years,thispaperhasselectedtheBJEUndergraduateProgramatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity(SISU)foracasestudy.ThreereasonsarecitedtohaveselectedtheBJEUndergraduateProgramatSISUforthecasestudy.First,SISUisoneofthepioneersinstartingitsBJEprogramandhasenjoyedagoodreputationintheareathroughoutthecountry；second,despiteitschangesfromdualBAdegreeholderstoundergraduatesaswellasgraduatesinthepast20years,SISUhascontinuouslyrunitsBJEprogramandkeptitssequentialfocusoninternationaljournalismeversinceitsstartin1983；finally,SISU,whichstartedasaforeign-languageschool,canbestdemonstrateandalsorepresenttheexistingBJEteachingmodelinChinabecauselanguageisakeyelementinunderstandingtheBJEmodelinChina.ThecasestudyoftheBJEUndergraduateProgramatSISUinthispaperisgoingtofocusontheBJEstudentsfirstjoborientationandoverallcoursearrangement(curriculum),becausejoborientationcanreflectitscompetitivenessandcurriculumcandemonstrateituniqueness.CorrespondingtotheabovereasonsforChinatopromoteBJEprograms,TableOnehasconfirmedthegoodjobprospectsforBJEstudentsatSISUfrom2001-2003.Inthepastthreeyears,halfoftheBJEstudentsatSISUcanfindjobsinlargeinfluentialmediaorganizationsinChinaatthenationalandregionallevels,suchasXinhuaNewsAgency,JiefangDaily,CCTVandShanghaiTelevisionStation,insteadofsmall-scalemediaatthecommunitylevel.ThisexplainsthepurposeoftheirBJEtraining,aslargeandinfluentialmediatendtousemoreoftheirEnglishskillswhilesmall-sizemediadonotneedtheirEnglishskillsastheyonlyfocusonlocalChinesecommunities.TableOne:BJEStudentsFirstJobsatSISU(2001-2003,allin%)StudentsFirstJobs200120022003InfluentialMedia56.7741.4654.72GovernmentOrgans16.224.887.55Banks07.325.66OverseasStudy8.119.767.55GraduateStudy5.4112.211.32ForeignFirms5.412.441.89Others8.1121.9511.32ThisjoborientationfocusingonEnglishskillsisalsoobviousinBJEstudentsselectionofbanksandforeignfirms(lessthan10%)engagedinpublicrelations,advertising,andmarketing.TheseareallhighlypaidjobsthatrequiregoodcommandofEnglishincommunicationwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Ofcourse,thehighsalaryisalsothemostimportantfactorforgraduatestogotobanks,foreignfirmsandcompanies,wheretheycanworkwithoutaninterpreter.Ofcourse,mostothers(lessthan20%)stillprefertoseekhighereducationathomeandabroad,achannelforevenhigherpersonaldevelopmentwhichmayalsoberelatedtotheirEnglishskills.TheirhighmarksofTOEFLandGREhavequalifiedthemwithscholarshipsincountriesliketheUnitedStates.Eventhoughgovernmentorgansa