開關電源發(fā)展軌跡中英文翻譯資料.doc

switching power supply development trackdevelopment of switching power supply (review xuanlan) switching power supply (hereinafter referred to switch power) to replace the linear regulator power transistors (hereinafter referred to the linear power) has 30 years of history, is the earliest the series switching power supply, its main linear power supply topologies and similar, but the power transistor to switch to a later state pwm (pwm) control techniques have been developed for the control switch converters, by pwm switching power supply, it is characterized by using 20 khz frequency or pulse pwm a pwm switching power supply efficiency is about 65 to 70 percent, while the efficiency of linear power only 30 of a 40 per cent. in the event of the worlds energy crisis, caused people to a wide range of customs. linear power supply works in the frequency, the frequency used for the 20 khz the pwm switching power supply alternatives, could significantly conserve energy and power technology in the history of the development called 20 khz revolution. with ulsi chip size decreases, the size and power is much greater than the microprocessor; spacecraft, submarines, military power and switch the batteries used portable electronic devices (such as mobile computers, mobile phones, etc.) need more small , lightweight power. hence the switch to power a small light requirements, including magnetic components and capacitors the size of small weight. in addition switching power supply requirements to higher efficiency, better performance, reliability, and so on. chinas switching power supply from chinas history of the development process of switching power supply can understand the international development of a switching power supply side, although generally speaking, chinas level of technological development with the international advanced level in an average of 5 to 10 gap. 1970s, i join in black and white tv sets, small and medium-sized computer in the beginning of 5 v ,20-200a, 20khz ac-dc switching power supply. 1980s into mass production and extensive application stage and development of 0.5 5 mhz quasi-resonant soft-switching power supply. in the 1980s, chinas communications (such as the switch-note) in the ac-dc power supply and dc-dc switching power supply in the area of application is still relatively low proportion of six. the end of the 1980s large-scale upgrading of chinas communication power, the traditional ferromagnetic regulator - rectifier and scr (thyristor, formerly known as scr components) phased power supply for high-power (48 v, 6kw) ac-dc switching power supply (often referred to as communications systems switch rectifier smr) by substituting, and started in the office automation equipment in the applications. industrial applications, in the boiler flame control, protection, laser, color tv, the filament-emission current regulation, ion-injection machine, luwu deng control systems in both applications. the 1990s, chinas also developed a number of new non-clearance for power, the typical examples are as follows: 1. satellite switching power supply. the east is red on the 3rd communication satellite, fengyun 1, 2 meteorological satellite applications are the switching power supply. features: multi-output, non-maintenance, long-term requirements do not change the performance, set up redundant modules, high reliability, emc meet the space environment conditions, high efficiency, small light. 2 long-range rocket control system for dc-dc switching power supply to launch the process of highly reliable. 3 1000kw traction converter 4500 v/1200a gto gated 250 w switching power supply. 4 40kw solid pulse laser soft switching power supply. 10 kw with four more resonant full bridge zvs converters parallel. 5. welder double-igbt forward to the voltage conversion for a pulse modulation (zvt-pwm) soft switching power supply. output 20 kw, 500a, switching frequency of 40 khz, the efficiency of 92%. is characterized by frequent changes in the scope of the load, poor working environment. impact on the current power demand, dynamic characteristics, and no overshoot, load affecting soft-switch nature. 6. substation in the current operating system switching power supply. for the protection and automatic devices and battery charging. surge instead of scr system, the output 10 a, 180 286v. main switch igbt or effective power mosfet. 7. single-phase and three-phase rectifier high power factor (with the number of active power correction). one can see that 20 of 30, chinas switching power supply applications and technical performance of great progress, and the family foundation is closely related to industry and enhance the national strength, and international advanced technology affecting the power switch. china fully demonstrated the power of talent and technical personnel of the entrepreneurial spirit of arduous struggle. in the 1990s, small and medium-sized (500 w below) ac-dc and dc-dc switching power supply is characterized by: high frequency of (switching frequency of 300-400 khz) to achieve high power density, a small amount of light; to efficient and reliable; low-cost, low output voltage ( 3 v; ac input with a few high-power, etc. in the next five years will continue along these directions. main technical marks from a technical perspective, for several decades to promote switching power supply performance and constantly improve the technological level this should mark is: 1. a new high-frequency power semiconductor devices to achieve the development of high-frequency switching power supply may have. igbt such as power mosfet and has been fully replace the power transistor and scr, so that small and medium-sized switch power下作frequency of up to 400 khz (ac-dc) and 1 mhz (dc-dc) level. ultrafast restore power diode, mosf et asked further rectification technology for the development of efficient low-voltage output (for example, 3 v) switching power supply for a possible . are now exploring the development of high-performance high temperature carbonation power to block conductor devices 2. soft-switch technology enables efficient high-frequency converter with the realization may be. pwm switching power supply switch-mode by hard work (on / off process bu voltage drop / rise and the current rise / fall waveform is overlap), thus the switching losses. high-frequency switching power supply can reduce the volume of weight, but switching losses are greater (power and frequency is directly proportional). so we must switching on power than / current wave of cross more technology, the so-called zero-voltage (zvs) / the current (zcs) switching technology, or soft-switch technology (as opposed to pwm switching technology in terms of hardware), the small soft-switching power supply efficiency can be increased to 80 a 85 per cent. 1970s, switching power supply market was soft-switch technology laid the foundation. after the new soft-switch technology will continue to emerge, such as the quasi-resonant (1980s) full-bridge phase-shift zvs-pwm, constant frequency zvs -pwm/zcs-pwm (80 in the late) zvs-pwm active clamp; zvt-pwm/zct-pwm (90 in the early) full-bridge phase-shift zv-zcs-pwm (90 years), and so on. china has the latest soft-switching technology to 6 kw power of communication, efficiency up to 93% 3. control technology progress. such as the current control and multi-loop control, load control, a cycle control, power factor control, dsp control, and the corresponding private integrated control of the successful development of the chip, so that switching power supply has greatly improved dynamic performance, the circuit also greatly simplified 4. active power mission of correction (apfc) the development, improve the ac-dc switching power supply power factor. due to the importation rectification of a capacitor-a device, ac-dc switching power supply and a large class of the rectifier power supply electronic equipment (such as inverters, ups), and so the power grid measuring only a few corporations with the apfc 0.65,80 technology can improve to 0.95 to 0.99, both the management of the power grid harmonic pollution and also improve the overall efficiency of the power switch. apfc is a single-phase dc-dc converter topology and power factor control of specific applications, while the three-phase apfc three-phase pwm switch is rectifier topology and control technology with 5. magnetic components of new magnetic materials and the development of a new transformer. such as integrated magnetic circuit, the plane cores, ultra-thin (low profile) transformer and a new transformer such as piezoelectric , no cores printed circuit (pcb) transformer, so that the power switch can reduce the size of the weight of many 6. capacitors and emi filter new advances in technology, so that small switching power supply and improve the performance of emc 7. micro-processing for monitoring and switching power supply system of internal communication technology applications, improve the reliability of the power system. the late 1990s and made a new switching power supply of research and development, this is also the new century vision for the development of switching power supply. such as: an ac - dc converter or regulator to achieve steady flow, and a power factor correction feature, known as single-level (singleswitch single stage) or 4 s high power factor ac-dc converter output 1 v, 50a of the low-voltage high-current dc-dc converters, also known as voltage regulator module vrm, to adapt to the next generation of ultra-fast microprocessor power supply needs of multi-channel (multi-channel or multi-phase) dc-dc converter; web server (server) the switching power supply to be a portable electronic equipment such as the high-frequency switching power supply. more than a brief review of the process of switching power supply development and the performance. i believe the 21st century, the power switch theory and technology development will have a more brilliant achievements , i hope this message of the cross-century youth power experts.開關電源發(fā)展軌跡開關電源發(fā)展軌跡（察宣蘭） 開關穩(wěn)壓電源（以下簡稱開關電源）取代晶體管線性穩(wěn)壓電源（以下簡稱線性電源）已有30多年歷史，最早出現(xiàn)的是串聯(lián)型開關電源，其主電路拓撲與線性電源相仿，但功率晶體管了作于開關狀態(tài)后來脈寬調制（pwm）控制技術有了發(fā)展，用以控制開關變換器，得到pwm開關電源，它的特點是用20khz脈沖頻率或脈沖寬度調制一pwm開關電源效率可達 6570，而線性電源的效率只有30一40。在發(fā)生世界性能源危機的年代，引起了人們的廣泛關往。線性電源工作于工頻，因此用工作頻率為20khz的pwm開關電源替代，可大幅度節(jié)約能源，在電源技術發(fā)展史上譽為20khz革命。 隨著ulsi芯片尺寸不斷減小，電源的尺寸與微處理器相比要大得多；航天，潛艇，軍用開關電源以及用電池的便攜式電子設備（如手提計算機，移動電話等）更需要小型化，輕量化的電源。因此對開關電源提出了小型輕量要求，包括磁性元件和電容的體積重量要小。此外要求開關電源效率要更高，性能更好，可靠性更高等。 我國開關電源歷程 從我國開關電源的發(fā)展過程可以了解國際開關電源發(fā)展的一個側面，雖然一般說來，我國技術發(fā)展水平與國際先進水平平均有510年差距。 70年代起，我同在黑白電視機，中小型計算機中開始應用5v，20-200a，20khz ac dc開關電源。80年代進入大規(guī)模生產和廣泛應用階段，并開發(fā)研究0.55mhz準諧振型軟開關電源。80年代中，我國通信（如程注交換機）電源在acdc及dcdc開關電源應用領域中所六比重還比較低。80年代末我國通信電源大規(guī)模更新?lián)Q代，傳統(tǒng)的鐵磁穩(wěn)壓-整流電源和晶閘管（thyristor，原稱可控硅元件）相控穩(wěn)壓電源為大功率（48v， 6kw） acdc開關電源（通信系統(tǒng)中常稱為開關型整流器smr）所持代；并開始在辦公室自動化設備中得到應用。工業(yè)應用方面，在鍋爐火焰控制，繼電保護，激光，彩色tv，離子管燈絲發(fā)射電流調節(jié)，離子注射機，鹵鎢燈控制等系統(tǒng)中均有應用。 90年代我國又研制開發(fā)了一批新型專用非關電源，典型例子如下： 1.衛(wèi)星開關電源。東方紅三號通信衛(wèi)星、風云一號、二號氣象衛(wèi)星均應用了開關電源。特點是：多路輸出，不可維修性，要求長期不改變性能，設置冗余模塊，可靠性高，emc 滿足空間環(huán)境條件，高效，輕小。 2遠程火箭控制系統(tǒng)的dcdc開關電源，要求發(fā)射過程中高度可靠。 3 1000kw牽引變流器4500v1200a gto門控250w開關電源。 4 40kw固體脈沖激光器的軟開關電源。用4臺10kw全橋多諧振zvs變換器并聯(lián)。 5焊機用雙igbt管正激車電壓轉換一脈定調制（zvtpwm）軟開關電源。輸出20kw， 500a，開關頻率40khz，效率92。特點是負載大范圍變化頻繁，工作環(huán)境惡劣。要求電源沖擊電流小，動態(tài)特性好，無過沖，負載個影響軟開關性質。 6.變電所在流操作系統(tǒng)開關電源。供繼電保護和自動裝置及蓄電池充電用。代替晶閘管調壓系統(tǒng)，輸出10a，180286v。主開關管用igbt或功率mosfet。 7.單相和三相高功率因數(shù)整流器（有源功率同數(shù)校正器）。 可以看出20一30年中，我國開關電源的應用領域和技術性能有很大進展，這與因家基礎工業(yè)和國力增強有密切關系，也和國際先進開關電源技術影響有關。充分顯示了中國電源技術人員的聰明才智和艱苦奮斗的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。 90年代，中小型（500w以下）acdc和dc-dc開關電源的特點是：高頻化（開關頻率達300400khz）以達到高功率密度，體小量輕；力求高效和高可靠；低成本；低輸出電壓（3v；ac輸入端高功率同數(shù)等。在今后5年內仍然將沿這些方向發(fā)展。 主要技術標志 從技術上看，幾十年來推動開關電源性能和技術水平不斷提高的本要標志是： 1.新型高頻功率半導體器件的開發(fā)使實現(xiàn)開關電源高頻化有了可能。 如功率mosfet和igbt已完全可代替功率晶體管和晶閘管，從而使中小型開關