如何撰寫高質量學術論文20110506.ppt

2019/7/16,1,如何撰寫高質量的科技論文,阮新波,華中科技大學電氣與電子工程學院,2019/7/16,2,報告內容,寫科技論文的意義 科技論文的基本結構 國際期刊評審論文的標準 提高論文質量的方法 結語,2019/7/16,3,寫科技論文的意義 科技論文的基本結構 國際期刊評審論文的標準 提高論文質量的方法 結語,報告內容,2019/7/16,4,優(yōu)秀學生應具備的基本素質,善于研究,善于寫作,善于演講,基本素質,2019/7/16,5,寫論文對研究領域的貢獻,科技論文是對科學研究中提出的新思想、新方法、新概念等的總結和闡述。 發(fā)表論文是為了與同行分享所取得的科研成果，是對本領域的貢獻。 發(fā)表論文是獲得同行認可、建立學術地位的一種途徑。,是職稱晉升、學生畢業(yè)的一個重要指標。,2019/7/16,6,撰寫科技論文是對研究工作的整理、再認識，可以提高自己的總結能力； 有利于弄清某些在研究中似是而非、沒有完全明白的問題，是研究過程的重要組成部分；,寫論文對自己的幫助,撰寫論文的過程中，甚至可以產生新的靈感。 有利于形成良好的思維方式。,2019/7/16,7,寫科技論文的意義 科技論文的基本結構 國際期刊評審論文的標準 提高論文質量的方法 結語,報告內容,2019/7/16,8,科技論文的主要結構,論文題目(Paper Title) 作者(Authors),摘要(Abstract) 關鍵詞(Index Terms) 正文(Main Body) 結論(Conclusion),致謝(Acknowledgment) 參考文獻(References) 作者簡介(Biography of Authors),2019/7/16,9,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,論文題目,論文題目要充分、合適、具體地反映論文的主要內容、主要貢獻，切忌太長、太大、太空，慎用“新穎的”等詞匯，最好不用縮寫。,Means of Eliminating Electrolytic Capacitor in AC/DC Power Supplies for LED Lightings Variable-Duty-Cycle Control to Achieve High Input Power Factor for DCM Boost PFC Converter,直流變換器的研究 一種新穎的感應電機控制方法 An DEM for Buck-Boost Converter (DEM: Dual Edge Modulation ),2019/7/16,10,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,論文署名,只有對本文作出貢獻的作者才能署名； 署名順序按貢獻大小排列，第一作者應為本文的主要貢獻者； 本研究工作的經費資助者如果對本文沒有貢獻，不可以作為合作作者署名。但須在致謝中表達謝意。,2019/7/16,11,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,論文摘要,摘要主要說明本文的主題、提出的方法和得出的結論。 摘要自身應成為一個有價值的文獻，特別要包括本文的關鍵詞，讓讀者在閱讀本文前就大致知道本文的主要內容和貢獻，而且容易被搜索引擎搜索到。 摘要中不能包括公式、參考文獻。 摘要一般不超過200個單詞。,2019/7/16,12,This paper proposes two methods of reducing the storage capacitance in the ac/dc power supplies for light emitting diode (LED) lighting. In doing so, film capacitors can be adopted instead of electrolytic capacitors to achieve a long power supplies lifetime. The voltage ripple of the storage capacitor is intentionally increased to reduce the storage capacitance. The method of determining the storage capacitance for ensuring that the boost power factor correction converter operates normally in the whole input voltage range is also discussed. For the purpose of further reducing the storage capacitance, a method of injecting the third harmonic current into the input current flow is proposed. While ensuring that the input power factor is always higher than 0.9 to comply with regulation standards such as ENERGY STAR, the storage capacitance can be reduced to 65.6% of that with an input power factor of 1. A 60-W experimental prototype is built to verify the proposed methods.,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,論文摘要,2019/7/16,13,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,關鍵詞,關鍵詞必須表明本文的相關領域、主題。 關鍵詞一般為專業(yè)詞匯和通用的詞匯，以便于搜索引擎搜索到。 關鍵詞一般為35個。,Harmonic current injection, Light-Emitted Diode (LED), power factor correction (PFC), power supply, voltage ripple.,14,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,引言,明確本文的研究對象及其研究意義(重要性、應用前景)。 對相關研究工作進行恰當評述(國內外現狀)，并指出存在的問題和不足。 本文的主要貢獻(針對什么問題提出什么方法，結果如何)。 簡要說明本文的架構。,引言是論文最難寫的部分。 需要有較大的閱讀量，尤其是閱讀相關領域重要期刊和會議論文。,2019/7/16,15,The rapid development of LED over the last few years has opened up new opportunities in the general illumination market, thanks to its distinct advantages such as high efficacy, long lifetime, environmental friendliness, and small size over incandescent and fluorescent lamps 14. The power supply for LED lighting is an ac/dc converter, which converts a regular ac voltage to a low dc voltage for an LED driver. The input power factor is an important requirement of the ac/dc converter. It needs to be higher than 0.9 for most commercial luminaries 5. Thus, the ac/dc converter must typically have the function of power factor correction (PFC). In a PFC converter, the input current is forced to be in phase with the input voltage, leading to a pulsating input power, while the output power is constant. To achieve this, a storage capacitor with large capacitance is required for balancing the instantaneous power difference. Due to the high capacity required for capacitance, an electrolytic capacitor is often used as the storage capacitor. However, it is well known that because of its liquid electrolyte, the lifetime of an electrolytic capacitor is quite limited with only several thousand hours under rated operating conditions. Even with a conservative design, the theoretical lifetime of electrolytic capacitors is only about 3 000 h (at a high operating LEDs temperature) 6. This is much shorter than the potential lifetime of LEDs (50 000 h). Thus, the electrolytic capacitor is an obstacle to the overall long-term reliability of the LED and its power supply.,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,引言,LED的優(yōu)點,LED電源需要 功率因數校正(PFC)功能,PFC變換器需要很大的儲能電容,儲能電容壽命較短， 與LED的長壽命不相匹配,2019/7/16,16,A review of literature shows that a variety of LED power supplies and driver solutions, which can accurately control the current of the LED while achieving a near-unity input power factor, have been proposed 710. However, an electrolytic capacitor is required in these applications. PFC converters can be classified into two types: two-stage and single-stage. Two-stage PFC converters consist of a PFC stage and a dc/dc stage. They have been widely applied in adaptors for laptops and silver box 1114. Single-stage PFC converters integrate the PFC stage and the dc/dc stage, leading to simple topology and low cost. They are suitable for low-power applications 1518. Unfortunately, no effective method has been proposed to significantly reduce the storage capacitance in a PFC converter such that a long lifetime of a converter can be achieved.,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,引言,PFC變換器的研究綜述， 指出這些方案都不能減小儲能電容,2019/7/16,17,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,正文主體部分,闡述所提出方法 相關理論分析 仿真和實驗驗證,II. Increase of the Voltage Ripple to Reduce the Storage Capacitor Relationship Between Voltage Ripple and Storage Capacitance of a Two-Stage PFC Converter Maximum, Minimum, and Average Values of the Storage Capacitors Voltage Design Example III. Injection of Harmonic Current to Reduce the Storage Capacitor Relationship Between Storage Capacitance and Input Power Factor Relationship Between Third Harmonic Injection and Storage Capacitance Control Method of Third Harmonic Injection IV. Experimental Verification,2019/7/16,18,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,結論,對本文工作進行小結，簡要概括本文所提出的新方法、新理論和新技術，說明它們的優(yōu)點。 可分1, 2, , n點，也可分幾段。 不要含有參考文獻，公式和圖表。 部分內容可與摘要重復。,2019/7/16,19,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,結論,This paper proposes two methods that can be used to significantly reduce the storage capacitance, so that film capacitors, instead of electrolytic capacitors, can be adopted to achieve a long lifetime of the PFC converter. In a two-stage PFC converter, a storage capacitor is used to balance the pulsating input power and the dc constant output power. To significantly reduce the storage capacitor, the voltage ripple of the storage capacitor can be intentionally increased. However, a very large voltage ripple can result in the unstable operation of the boost PFC converter and a very high voltage stress on the power switches. This paper gives the derivation of the relationship between the voltage ripple and the value of the storage capacitor, and proposes a guideline for the selection of a suitable value for the storage capacitor. Moreover, a method of injecting the third harmonic current into the input current flow is proposed to reduce the pulsation of the input power. This can further reduce the storage capacitance. While keeping the input power factor at 0.9 to comply with the requirement of ENERGY STAR, the storage capacitor can be reduced to 65.6% of that with an input power factor of 1. A 60-W prototype was built and tested. Experimental results validated the feasibility of the proposed methods.,2019/7/16,20,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,致謝,ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for the financial support under the award 50837003. The authors would like to thank S. Y. Lam for able assistance in developing the experimental prototypes. The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Golden Regent Electronics Industrial Limited for making the high-voltage transformer. The authors would like to thank Dr. S.-C. Tan from Hong Kong Polytechnical University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, for the revision of this paper.,本文工作的資助方。 參與討論并提供有價值建議的人員。 提供功率器件及相關設備的公司和人員。 幫助樣機制作的技術人員。 相關測試人員。 ,2019/7/16,21,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,參考文獻,Style for conference publications: Authors (first initials followed by last name), title of paper, in title of conference, date of conference, and page numbers (inclusive). 1 A. B. Researcher and I. N. Elper, “Loss-based analysis of switching converters under closed-loop controls,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf., 2010, pp. 3917-3926. Style for periodical journal publications: Authors (first initials followed by last name), title of paper, title of periodical, volume, page numbers (inclusive), month and year. 2 C. D. Aodiet, R. G. Gue, and P. R. Phakter, “The Ran-Duga method for ac-ac converter operation,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 37, pp. 7721-7727, October 2014. Style for books: Authors (first initials followed by last name), book title. Publisher location: publisher name, year, chapter or page numbers. 3 B. B. Eriffel, The Design of Microwatt Power Devices. London: Energy Unit Publishers, 2012, Chap. 72.,2019/7/16,22,Xinbo Ruan (M97SM02) was born in Hubei Province, China, in 1970. He received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China, in 1991 and 1996, respectively. In 1996, he joined the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Teaching and Research Division, NUAA, where he became a Professor in 2002 at the College of Automation Engineering and has been engaged in teaching and research in the field of power electronics. From August to October 2007, he was a Research Fellow in the Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong. Since March 2008, he has been with the College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. He has authored or coauthored more than 100 technical papers in journals and conferences and also published three books. His current research interests include soft-switching dc/dc converters, soft-switching inverters, power factor correction converters, modeling the converters, power electronics system integration, and renewable energy generation system. Dr. Ruan was the recipient of Delta Scholar by the Delta Environment and Education Fund in 2003, and was awarded the Special Appointed Professor of the Chang Jiang Scholars Program, by the Ministry of Education, China, in 2007. He is also the Guest Professor of Beijing Jiaotong University, China, and Hefei University of Technology, China. Since 2005, he has been the Vice President of the China Power Supply Society, and since 2008, he has been the member of the Technical Committee on Renewable Energy Systems within the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Power Electronics Society and the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.,論文題目 作者 摘要 關鍵詞 正文 結論 致謝 參考文獻 作者簡介,作者簡介,姓名，出生地點、日期，學歷,工作經歷,發(fā)表論文和獲得專利,研究興趣或方向,獲得榮譽,學術兼職,學會會員,2019/7/16,23,寫科技論文的意義 科技論文的基本結構 國際期刊評審論文的標準 提高論文質量的方法 結語,報告內容,2019/7/16,24,Basic Qualification Questions,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics的評閱表,What is the new contribution of this paper? (Based on your assessment rather than on author statements.) Does the contribution have good archival value, or is it only an incremental addition to existing knowledge?,2019/7/16,25,Paper Grading,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics的評閱表,2019/7/16,26,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics的評閱表,Recommendation,2019/7/16,27,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics的評閱表,Comments,Confidential comments to the Editor. Comments to the Author,2019/7/16,28,寫科技論文的意義 科技論文的基本結構 國際期刊評審論文的標準 提高論文質量的方法 結語,報告內容,2019/7/16,29,論文的寫作步驟,第一步：撰寫論文主體部分(不包括引言),第二步：撰寫結論,第三步：撰寫引言,第四步：撰寫摘要,第五步：確定論文題目,2019/7/16,30,圖形繪制的原則,畫圖工具：Microsoft Office Visio 2003,圖形盡量緊湊，以節(jié)約版面，同時保證縮小時字體不會太小。,圖形放到正文中時，其字符原則上不能大于正文文字大小。畫圖時，建議字符和公式的字體用Times New Roman，字號用10pts，這樣貼到論文中時，可以不縮小或縮小到90%。(論文正文字號一般為10pts),圖形應美觀大方，給人的第一感覺是看到圖，然后才是字符和標注，否則有喧賓奪主之虞。,圖形縮放時，應成比例縮放，以免變形。,2019/7/16,31,電路圖的繪制,Visio軟件自帶的元器件庫有的不太美觀，使用時也不便于自己編輯。建議自己設計元器件庫。,一般的線條粗細選擇3pts，強調時選擇為5pts。,工作的元器件用實線，不工作的用虛線(10#線型較為美觀)。,2019/7/16,32,工作波形的繪制,直線一定要直，不能斜。,有規(guī)律的線型盡量準確，比如正弦波形，可以利用Mathcad軟件匯出，再copy到Visio里編輯。,工作波形用實線，5pts；用來標注的線型用10#虛線，3pts。,工作波形的零位一定要標出。以便于看懂。,每個波形的符號必須標出，標注位置視具體情況而定，不一定標在縱座標處。,橫坐標，如時間軸，必須標出。,2019/7/16,33,仿真波形的編輯,仿真或計算得到的波形或曲線，所采用的軟件自身會給出相應的符號和標注的字體和大小并不一定適合直接貼在正文中，為此可以將其copy到Visio中進行處理。,可將波形或曲線中不必要的部分裁減掉，補充適當的橫坐標和縱座標刻度。,波形符號可在圖形的相應位置標出，原則上應在垂直方向對齊。,2019/7/16,34,實驗波形的編輯,示波器測得的波形由于探頭衰減等原因，其每個波形的標尺不太直接。因此可將該圖copy到Visio中進行處理。,可將波形中不必要的部分裁減掉，但是每個波形的零位必須保留，以便于閱讀波形的幅值大小。,在Visio中給出每個波形的縱座標標尺，同時給出時間標尺。,如果波形很多，如果每個波形中都給出縱座標標尺，可能會使得字符比較擁擠，甚至會壓到波形。此時波形中可不給出標尺，標尺可在圖說中給出。,2019/7/16,35,引言和參考文獻,寫作引言之前，應收集、整理自己已閱讀過的相關文獻。,閱讀擬投稿的期刊近23年發(fā)表的論文的目錄，從中找出與本文相關的文獻，并仔細閱讀，盡量加以引用。,盡量引用與本文內容相關的國際上知名學者的論文。,引用的參考文獻盡量給予適當的評價和說明，并在相關處標注其編號。,除非是綜述性的論文，參考文獻一般列寫1520篇。綜述性的論文參考文獻數量可適當多一些。,同一篇論文如果即發(fā)表在會議論文集中，又發(fā)表在期刊中，原則上只列出發(fā)表在期刊上的論文。,2019/7/16,36,論文寫作的規(guī)范性,在寫作之前，最好閱讀幾篇擬投稿期刊的論文，以了解期刊論文的大致情況。,閱讀擬投期刊的投稿須知(Guidelines for Authors/Information for Authors)，了解論文投稿的格式和要求。,論文的題目、作者、摘要、關鍵詞、小節(jié)題目、參考文獻等的字體、大小、大小寫、是否斜體等要嚴格按照要求。,有的期刊(如IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics)要求投稿的論文采用單欄、2倍行間距排版，而有的期刊(如IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics)要求雙欄、單倍行間距排版 ，此時圖表應放在左上角、右上角、左下角或右下角，即“頂天立地”，原則上多個圖集中放在一起。,2019/7/16,37,論文的修改,論文投稿后，經相關審稿專家審稿后，會回饋審稿意見。對于審稿意見要認真閱讀，并嚴格按照審稿人的意見和建議進行修改，切忌與審稿人辯論！,修改論文時，應在相應出用粗體或顏色標出。,撰寫修改說明。針對審稿人的每條意見說明修改情況。語氣要客氣、謙虛，切不可流出不滿的情緒。對于無法補充或修改的地方要盡量說明原因。修改說明要盡量簡潔！,請記住，國際期刊的審稿人都是Volunteer，沒有任何報酬，全是義務勞動。他們花費大量時間閱讀我們的論文，并給出意見和建議，我們要心存感激。,2019/7/16,38,論文的修改,Notes to the Reviewers/