week5謂語的翻譯.ppt

Differences of Subject-Predicate Structure between Chinese & English 漢語的分析型(analytic)語言VS.英語的綜合型(synthetic)語言 漢語的復(fù)雜謂語成分VS.英語的單一謂語成分 漢語謂語的多主動(dòng)式VS.英語謂語的多被動(dòng)式,4. Choice of Predicate,分析型語言VS綜合型語言,漢語分析型語言典型特征： 無詞尾屈折變化 (inflection) 英語綜合型語言有豐富的屈折變化形式： tabletables runranrun the boys She sings beautifully. 我（你，他，他們） 來自 深圳。 I (You/ He/ They) am (are/is/ are) / from Shenzhen. C come (come, comes/come),謂語成分的復(fù)雜性VS英語的單一謂語成分,1. 她的未婚夫都60了。 Her fianc is already 60 years old. 2. 我想吃麥當(dāng)勞。 I want to eat at the Macdonalds. 3. 快餐食品并不健康！ Fast food is not wholesome, after all. 4. 三星的手機(jī)外觀很漂亮。 Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful.,5. 歷史, 人民創(chuàng)造的。 History is made by the people. 6. 他就會(huì)持槍劫車殺人越貨。 He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles and looting the goods by killing the drivers with his gun.,漢語謂語的多主動(dòng)式VS.英語謂語的多被動(dòng)式,1. 問題解決了。 The problem has been solved. 2. 大家都覺得這樣做不妥。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 3. 必須采取措施來控制水污染。 Measures have to be taken to control the water pollution. 4. 明天下午兩點(diǎn)開教學(xué)研討會(huì)，全體教師務(wù)必參加。 There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2：00 p. m. tomorrowAll the faculty are expected to attend,確定謂語的原則,謂語要和主語保持人稱、數(shù)的一致； 謂語要明示漢語隱含的時(shí)態(tài)、情態(tài)和語氣； 謂語必須與主語及賓語在邏輯上搭配得當(dāng) 4. 原文若是形容詞短語、名詞性短語、數(shù)量詞或介詞短語做謂語，譯文常代之以系表結(jié)構(gòu) 5. 原文若為有/無形式標(biāo)志的被動(dòng)式，譯文宜用被動(dòng)式作謂語； 6. 若不知原文謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是誰，或者原文的主語為 “人們”、“大家”等，或者句中含有 “據(jù)傳”、“據(jù)悉”等字眼，譯文的謂語常用以 “it” 為形式主語的被動(dòng)句式；,1. 他的那副尊容，只要見過一次，無論什么時(shí)候都不會(huì)忘記。 He has a face that once you see will never be forgotten. 2. 當(dāng)前，我國的職業(yè)教育和成人教育正在加快發(fā)展。 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country. 3. 她的獨(dú)子讓車給軋了。 Her only son was run over by a car., 所選的謂語在人稱和數(shù)上與主語一致,1. 茶會(huì)上只供應(yīng)茶和蛋糕。 Only tea and cakes will be served at the tea party. 2. 今晚有人在此講了些不該講的話。 Something which shouldnt have been mentioned was said here tonight. 3. 他做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎引起化學(xué)藥物爆炸。 His absent-mindedness during the experiment nearly caused an explosion of the chemical., 所選的謂語必須保持時(shí)態(tài)、語氣、情態(tài)和語態(tài)與原文語義相吻合,4. 本公司全體同仁竭誠為各界服務(wù)。 Our corporation will whole-heartedly serve various circles. 5. 我希望一年四季都是春天。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 6. 石油價(jià)格自去年以來穩(wěn)步上升。 Oil prices have been rising steadily since last year. 7. 該產(chǎn)品貫來是市場緊俏產(chǎn)品。 This product has sold well since it entered the market.,1. （日本派大批的留學(xué)生，到中國來學(xué)習(xí)中國文化。）自然，他們也學(xué)會(huì)了中國的飲茶。 Accordingly, they became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking. 2. 本書精選中國南方26個(gè)少數(shù)民族的131則膾炙人口的故事。 The book consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China. 3. 這一證書課程分三年學(xué)完。 This certificate course will spread over three year.,注意謂語與主語及賓語的邏輯搭配,原文若是形容詞短語、名詞性短語、數(shù)量詞或介詞短語做謂語，譯文常代之以系表結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 這部電影很有教育意義。 The film is very instructive. 2. 北京的秋天最美。 Autumn is the most beautiful season in Beijing. 3. 她今年21歲。 She is twenty-one this year. 4. 經(jīng)理今天不在辦公室里。 The manager is not in the office today.,5. 他們正在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)女老師品格正直。 The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright. 6. 武漢這個(gè)地方，我覺得比深圳好。 I think Wuhan is better than Shenzhen. 7. 這種打字機(jī)輕便耐用又經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，適合高中學(xué)生使用。 This type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.,民工潮 新年春節(jié)剛過，農(nóng)村的破舊小車站就擠滿了成千上萬的農(nóng)民。他們只有一個(gè)目的，到城市去。八十年代初，農(nóng)村的改革，使得千千萬萬的農(nóng)民從土地上解放了出來，紛紛跑到城市找工作。自那以后，這種大規(guī)模的民工潮一直使城市感到頭痛。這不僅是因?yàn)閷Τ鞘性O(shè)施造成了極大的壓力，而且他們擔(dān)心會(huì)引發(fā)許多社會(huì)矛盾。所以外來民工往往被看成二等公民，不能成為城市居民，孩子不能在城市讀書。但是另一方面，城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展急切需要大批勞力到工廠和建設(shè)工地。而且政府也感到如果不讓農(nóng)民出來，讓他們也富起來，城鄉(xiāng)的窮富差別將進(jìn)一步拉大。而農(nóng)民的不滿加劇，會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)動(dòng)亂。Flood of migrant workers Right after Spring Festival, a small old station of rural was filled with thousands of farmers. They only had one purposewent to the cities. Early eighties, the reform of rural areas, thousands of farmers from the land liberated went to cities in search of work one after another . Since then, this massive flood of migrant workers made the cities get a headache. Not only because migrant workers caused great pressure on cities facilities, but also urban citizens worried about that it would lead to a number of social conflicts. Therefore, migrant workers were often seen as second-class citizens. They couldnt become urban residents as well as their children couldnt go to school in the city. On the other hand, the development of urban and economic developmental regions eagerly needed a large number of labor to work on factories and construction sites. Moreover, the government thought if w