高三語法專項(xiàng)突破-名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí).ppt

名詞性從句,Noun Clause,Noun Clause: Functions as a NOUN in a sentence.,Question: What is the function of a noun in a sentence? 名詞在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分?,名詞性從句 noun clause,主語從句 subject clause,賓語從句 object clause,表語從句 predicative clause,同位語從句 appositive clause,引導(dǎo)名詞從句的連接詞： 1）連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever等 連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 2）連接詞 whether/if 若一個(gè)名詞從句,表達(dá)的含義為“是否” 3）連接詞that若一個(gè)句子表達(dá)含義和句子結(jié)構(gòu)均完整，用連詞that。 “that”在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有任何含義。,一.Object clause( 賓語從句) 1)老師教導(dǎo)我們要志向崇高。 The teacher taught us that we should aim high. 2)你是否能成功將取決于你做什么和怎么做。 Your success will depend on what you do and how you do it. 3)他是否能來幫助我們，我感到懷疑。 I doubt whether / if he will come to our help. 4) Whether he will accept your offer, I dont know.(不用if),1. The fact is _ she doesnt like pop music. 2. My trouble is _ I dont have enough experience. 3. The question is _ he will be present or not. 4. What troubled him was _ he could get the money.,that,that,whether,whether /where /how,二.Predicative clause ( 表語從)句,5. He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill. 6. It looks _ its going to rain again.,because,as if,Tips:系動(dòng)詞的分類,一、五大感官系動(dòng)詞： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 二、狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞： be, appear, seem, keep, stay, remain 三、動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞： become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come/become, run 四、終止系動(dòng)詞： prove, turn out,What you have said_. Ais sounded interesting Bsounds interesting Csound interested Dlistens interested Look! Several people in the crowd seemed_. Ato be fighting Bto have fought Cbeing fought Dhaving fought,How _the song she sings sounds! I have never _a better voice. Abeautifully, sounded Bbeautiful, sounded Csweet, listened to Dsweet, heard Her feeling about the marriage _rather strange. Ais looked Bis seemed Cseems Dis appeared,The new shirt_ right. Adoesnt feel Bisnt felt Cisnt feeling Ddoesnt touch How happy it_ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad! Agives Bfeels Cis felt Dis given John _driver since two months ago. Abecame a Bhas become a Chas turned Dhas been a,He _he felt very _over the death of the boy. Aseemed that, sad Bseemed as if, sadly Clooked as though, sad Dlooked that, sadness The ice_ thick on the river. Ais lain Blay Claid Dlie,三.Subject clause(主語從句) 1.人生最重要的并非金錢。 What is the most important in life isnt money. 2.凡是想看這部電影的人可免費(fèi)得到一張票。 Whoever wants to see the film may get a free ticket. 3. That the earth is round is known to all. -It is known to all that the earth is round. 4.That you missed the chance is a pity. -It is a pity that that 無意義, 后接一個(gè)完整的句子.,五.Appositive clause (同位語從句): 后面跟同位語從句的名詞有: fact, news,idea thought, question, remark 等. 1. The idea _ computers will recognize human voices surprises many people. 2. The possibility _ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 3. I have no idea _ he has gone. 4. They are thinking about the question _ they could succeed in the competition. 5. Please tell us the truth _ did that for us.,that,that,where,how,who,注意點(diǎn)一: 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 1.同位語從句意思完整,that引導(dǎo),不完整時(shí),用whether, when,where,how來引導(dǎo). (1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連接詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。 (2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。,他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. （第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的. 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）,注意點(diǎn)二: what 與that 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中1）充當(dāng)句子成分（主、賓、表）；2）本身有詞義。而that 1）只起連接作用；2）本身沒有詞義；3）不在從句中擔(dān)任成分。 1) _ you said yesterday is right. (=All that you ) 2) _ she is still alive is a puzzle.,What,That,注意點(diǎn)三:用whether 不用if 在賓語從句中，if和whether通?？梢曰Q使用.但在 1)連接詞緊挨著or not 時(shí),用 whether. I dont know whether or not he will come. 2)主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句若需表達(dá)“是否”，只能用連詞whether，不能用if。 3)介詞賓語從句只能用whether，不用if。 4)whether to do He hasnt decided whether to go . 5)discuss+ whether從句,注意點(diǎn)四:that的省略問題,He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand. He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and you wouldnt understand. Just then I noticed, for the first time, our master was wearing his fine green coat. Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat.,3.除了他來自南方之外,我們對(duì)他一無所知. We know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 4.他病倒了使我們很擔(dān)心. That he had fallen ill made us worried. What worried us was that he had fallen ill.,連接詞that 不能省略的情況: 1) and連接兩個(gè)賓語從句,that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放在and后時(shí)不能省略. 2)that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞but/except的賓語時(shí). 3)that 引導(dǎo)主語從句,表語從句,同位語從句以及that 引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首時(shí). 4)主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句中有插入語時(shí).,注意點(diǎn)五：語序問題 與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句必須用陳述語序，即使在疑問句中，從句也不倒裝。 No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like,名詞性從句中有插入成分時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：一是從句仍然不倒裝，而在插入成分上倒裝；二是要注意主語的主格和賓格的選擇。 _ you have seen both fighters，_ will win？ A. Since； do you think who B. As； who you think C. When； whoever D. Since； who do you think,注意點(diǎn)六： whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等與 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的區(qū)別:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而 no matter 加疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 He will believe whatever others say. （不能用no matter what代替whatever） Whatever others say, he will believe it. （可以用no matter what代替whatever）,1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,2. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter,3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,注意點(diǎn)七：虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用。 (1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。 “wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。,I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.,在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she (should )be operated on.,（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“（should） + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如： His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100.dollars.,（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。 在主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如： It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless,It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如： It is pity that you cant swim.,2010年高考真題練習(xí),（10浙江） 1How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, you want. Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever,考點(diǎn)：本題考查引導(dǎo)詞。 解析：句意：“這個(gè)周末野營(yíng)怎么樣，來點(diǎn)新鮮的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根據(jù)語境分析出后者支持前面的提出的觀點(diǎn)。,9It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether,考點(diǎn)：本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 解析：根據(jù)句意：盡管大約有兩千名病人服用過這種藥物，但是，它會(huì)帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定。side effect意思是“副作用”，還原主語從句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故選擇what，形容詞“什么樣的”，起修飾作用。,（10上海） 36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. that B. how C. what D. why,考點(diǎn)：此處考查的是同位語從句。 解析：考察that引導(dǎo)同位語從句的用法。此處that不可以省略。,（10山東） 26. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which,考點(diǎn)：本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 解析：句意應(yīng)為“在大甩賣開始前，我把孩子們?cè)谙聜€(gè)季節(jié)里要用到的東西列了一個(gè)清單?！狈治鼍涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)need的賓語，所以B項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)正確。which 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)多表示疑問且要有一個(gè)明確的范圍。,（10上海） 37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering,考點(diǎn)：本題考查賓語從句。 解析：which引導(dǎo)的句子做know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。,（10四川） 14How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives,w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy,考點(diǎn)：考查介詞后的賓語從句。 解析：根據(jù)句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知應(yīng)是和誰去，故選B。句意為“一個(gè)人旅游多么享受很大程度上取決于他和誰去，無論是他的朋友還是親戚?！?（10全國(guó)） 33. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where,句意：我們還沒有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里。 解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察從句。題干中空格劃在動(dòng)詞discuss的后面，因此考察賓語從句，根據(jù)句意在賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此選擇D。,（10湖北） 31. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how,考點(diǎn): 賓語從句 解析：我想別人喜歡我是因?yàn)槲业膬?nèi)在。也就是我inside的品質(zhì)。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同學(xué)誤選A，錯(cuò)誤的用中文語言習(xí)慣去做英文題。,10全國(guó)） 10.Have you finished the book? -No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave. A.which B.what C.hat D.where,【解析】考查賓語從句。Up to為介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，后接賓語從句從句；而句意是“讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引導(dǎo)這個(gè)賓語從句最合適。,（10江蘇） 35. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life. A.where B.how C.when D.what,選