托福強化寫作章節(jié)堂展示結(jié)構(gòu)章節(jié)解全.ppt

,Independent Task題型分類,1.立論文 Argumentation （Agree or Disagree） 2.對比對照說明文 Compare and Contrast （Which one） 3. 簡單說明文 Explanation （Why / How）,簡單說明文結(jié)構(gòu)（Why / How）,第一部分（1段）：BI (Back Information) TS (Thesis Statement) 第二部分（3段）：Supporting,21. In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.,Back Information,In the past hundred years, the life expectancy 生活期望in a developed country發(fā)達國家 has almost doubled. One indisputable不可置疑的 fact is that the average life expectancy of humans has continued to lengthen throughout各處，各方面 modern history, and this trend is expected 被預計to continue into the future.,A. 食物條件的改善 The improvement of food condition B. 醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進步 The development of modern medical technology C. 經(jīng)濟和社會環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定 The stability of social and economic environment,Among various factors that make people live longer are A, B and C. 寫主題句的建議：盡量暗示文章將來結(jié)構(gòu),Among various factors that make people live longer are A, B and C. A is a very important factor. 粗糧(coarse food grain：maize, sorghum, millet ) 細糧(wheat flour and rice),Among various factors that make people live longer are A, B and C. A is a very important factor. Equally important is B. 肺結(jié)核 tuberculosis 肺炎 pneumonia 關(guān)節(jié)炎 arthritis,Among various factors that make people live longer are A, B and C. A is a very important factor. Equally important is B. Matching A and B is another essential factor, C. 前蘇聯(lián)(the previous Soviet Union) 解體(disintegration/breakup),Well Organized（畫圖說明）,Well Organized（畫圖說明）,Well Organized（畫圖說明）,傳統(tǒng)考生作文思維,Agree or Disagree: A B Which one: A or B 1. BI (Back Information) + TS （選擇A，認為AB ） 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. AB,或 B,或 B,對比對照說明文Which one,第一部分：BI(Back Information) 第二部分：C and C (Compare and Contrast) 第三部分：TS (Thesis Statement)結(jié)論,對比&對照,B ,B B B ,A ,A A A ,B ,A A A ,A ,B B B ,9. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 注意：立場鮮明不等于立場絕對,對比對照說明文,32. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 160. When people need to complain about a product or poor service, some prefer to complain in writing and others prefer to complain in person. Which way do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.,對比對照說明文結(jié)構(gòu)Which one,第1部分：BI (Back Information) 第2部分：A (一個) ，B (一個)；或 A (兩個) ，B (兩個)；或 A (一個、一個) ，B (一個、一個) 第3部分：It depends: 第4部分：TS (Thesis Statement),發(fā)展，愛好，年齡，經(jīng)濟，習慣，背景,立論文,53. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.,只有有了錢，才； 只有有了錢，才； 所以錢是最重要的。,如果沒有錢，就會有惡劣后果一； 如果沒有錢，就會有惡劣后果二； 這兩個惡劣后果是別的任何因素都不能解決的，只有錢才能解決這個問題； 由此錢是工作中最重要的。,人們公認在工作中的重要因素：A, B和錢； 錢比A重要； 錢比B重要； 所以錢是工作中最重要的因素。,先承認錢是工作中的重要因素； 但是如果認為錢是最重要的因素，會產(chǎn)生惡劣后果一； 但是如果認為錢是最重要的因素，會產(chǎn)生惡劣后果二； 所以錢不是工作中最重要的因素。,先承認錢是工作中的重要因素； 再證明別的因素如興趣前途比錢重要； 所以錢不是工作中最重要的因素。,兩個常識性的共識,1. 有爭議的話題不能用對錯來評判，而是who is more reasonable； 2. 有爭議的話題一定不是大是大非的話題。,立論文結(jié)構(gòu)agree or disagree,同意時：往往寫成簡單說明文。 不同意時： 第一部分：BI(Back Information) 第二部分：Supporting 第三部分：Rebuttal 第四部分：TS(Conclution) 往往是一些絕對的立場，觀點要從絕對詞出發(fā)。,2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones.,10. “When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.“ Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position. Most of success comes from hard work. However, luck does exist when people succeed. In fact, hard work is the best luck that we can ever have.,37. Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. It is true that progress is usually good. However it is hardly true that progress is always good. In truth, progress in itself is neither good nor bad, the key of the problem is people.,54. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. We often get wrong when we judge a person by his appearance. However it is hardly true that we should never judge a person by his appearance. Sometimes we have to judge a person by his appearance.,立論文結(jié)構(gòu)1（絕對詞）,第1段：BI (Back Information) 第2段：去掉絕對詞（或把絕對詞變限定詞）肯定 第3段：加上絕對詞否定 第4段：遞進：取決于&不得不 第5段：TS (Thesis Statement),立論文結(jié)構(gòu)1（絕對詞）,第1段：BI(Back Information) 第2段：去掉絕對詞（或把絕對詞變限定詞）肯定 第3段：加上絕對詞否定 第4段：TS (Thesis Statement) + 遞進 (取決于 發(fā)展，愛好，年齡，經(jīng)濟，習慣，背景 &不得不),“含絕對詞立論文”出題形式,A is the most important. A is the best. A is only way. A is more important than B. A is better than B. 絕對詞：最高級，唯一性，比較級,53. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.,27. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.,立論文結(jié)構(gòu)2（限定詞）,第一部分（1段）：BI (Back Information) TS (Thesis Statement) 第二部分（3段）：Supporting 3個例子，完全肯定的文章，結(jié)構(gòu)一定要清晰，可以在開頭暗示文章走向,8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.,立論文結(jié)構(gòu)3（AB）,第1段：BI (Back Information) 第2段：同意A原因現(xiàn)象 第3段：同意B結(jié)果現(xiàn)象 第4段：不同意AB因果關(guān)系 第5段：TS (Thesis Statement),不同意AB的原因,A不是導致于B的原因 A不是導致于B的唯一原因 A不是導致于B的最重要的原因 3選1即可,8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. It is true that people attend to spend lots of time in watching television. Its also true that people s