SCI論文寫作zhangweili河北醫(yī)科大學.ppt

1,提高研究成果的影響力 科研設計和SCI論文寫作的深入探討,2013.12.12,張偉麗 研究員 中國醫(yī)學科學院 北京協和醫(yī)學院 國家心血管病中心 阜外心血管病醫(yī)院 心血管疾病國家重點實驗室,2,科學問題:,研究方向：心血管疾病遺傳學,3,3,從遺傳流行病學角度， 為個體化防治提供依據。,4,近5年來，第一作者或通信作者SCI論著：11 篇，總影響因子 72，平均每篇6.6分，總引用次數約250次。,5,Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) headquarters, in Philadelphia,6,Eugene Garfield,The founder of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) The founding editor and publisher of The Scientist,SCI（Science Citation Index，科學引文索引）,7,從Web of Science檢索分析我國心血管領域發(fā)展狀況,8,然而，SCI 最重要的功能是幫助科技人員獲取需要 的文獻信息。,要SCI，不惟SCI，重在解決科學問題,SCI 就像一個天使，擁有了SCI 文章，特別是影響因子 高的SCI文章，你就得到了“芝麻開門”的咒語。,9,科學研究不是“閉門造車”，要與國際接軌，展示我們的科研成果，與感興趣的讀者交流新的信息。 科學研究有其自身的發(fā)展規(guī)律： 提出假設實驗研究得出結論上升到理論高度成文發(fā)表,peer-review的學術期刊文章、會議論文、學位論文等,Wait patiently while it goes through the Review Process,10,How to evaluate a study?,1 = Excellent; 2 = Good; 3 = Fair; 4 = poor,11,1. 創(chuàng)新：一定要讓editor, reviewer, and readers了解項目中有創(chuàng)新的東西 a) 新假設、新主意：包括信號通路，發(fā)病機制，“老兵新傳”。 b) 新方法：原研究用的方法不準確；本研究樣本量大，診斷確切。 c) 盡量采用新技術：證明你的主意、設備與時代潮流同步, 成功機會大。 2. 發(fā)展性研究：克服了某一個困難，獲取了新知識。 3. 驗證性研究：一個有爭議的題目。,成功要素,12,選題,高血壓是遺傳與環(huán)境共同作用的結果，遺傳度約40%，全基因組關聯研究（GWAS）中的遺傳標記，涵蓋80%的常見核基因組變異，但GWAS所找到的高血壓易感基因，只能解釋2%人群血壓變異，單個危險等位基因僅解釋 1 mmHg的收縮壓、0.5 mmHg的舒張壓變異。 提示其他遺傳調控機制參與，高血壓研究需要理論創(chuàng)新。,N Engl J Med 2010; 363:166 Nature 2010; 466:714 J Cardiovasc Trans Res 2010;3:189 J Clin Hypertens 2010;12:350,例如：高血壓的機制研究,13,4. 核小體位置,1.甲基化/羥甲基化,2.組蛋白修飾,3.非編碼RNA,細胞核基因組序列變異，基本束手無策；但表觀遺傳機制與端粒長度有缺陷，可以調控（運動、飲食、藥物），有干預的機會。,“表觀遺傳”調控機制,14,上海交通大學荊清教授課題組,15,河北醫(yī)科大學韓梅教授課題組,16,獨立科研工作的基本能力 （1）掌握信息，復習文獻的能力 （2）創(chuàng)新思維能力 （3）科學實驗設計能力 （4）科學實驗操作能力 （5）論文撰寫發(fā)表能力 （6）科學基金申請能力,注重科研能力的培養(yǎng),17,培養(yǎng)科學創(chuàng)新思維能力,從學習型到探索型思維模式 Reading after a certain age, diverts the mind too much from its creative pursuits. Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking. 過了一定年齡階段后的學習，會太多地轉移有利于創(chuàng)造性發(fā)揮的精力。任何一個人，如果學習太多，他用大腦進行思考的機會越來越少，進而就會養(yǎng)成懶于思考的習慣。 （愛因斯坦）,18,SCI論文寫作,19,ORGANIZED follow standard format of manuscript, Title Page Abstract Text Introduction - give context of your study Materials and Methods - what you used/what you did (ONLY) Results - what you got (ONLY) Discussion - how your findings relate to others Conclusion (s) - Answers the question: “So what?” References Figures and Tables Legends,20,第一部分：領域及主題介紹（Open up the subject) 1）簡明的背景介紹（providing a concise background account of the problem studied） 2）研究目的（the objective of the investigation） 3）你的工作是當前需要的嗎？（Why was there a need to conduct the study?）,Introduction 要讓讀者了解,第二部分：介紹已有的國內外相關工作（Survey past work relevant to this paper) 1）為什么與我的工作相關？(Why it is very related?) 2）雖然該工作與我的工作相關，但是它與我的工作有什么區(qū)別？(Difference to your work?),21,染色體9p21區(qū)域的遺傳變異與腦中風的發(fā)病和復發(fā)風險的關系,22,Background,Example,1,2,23,Background,3,24,Specific aims,Zhang W, Chen Y, Liu P, Chen J, Song L, Tang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Hu FB, Hui R. Variants on Chromosome 9p21.3 Correlated with ANRIL Expression Contribute to Stroke risk and Recurrence in a Large Prospective Stroke Population. Stroke, 2012;43(1):14-21.,25,Results: Chronological steps of method procedure Specific information,1,26,2,3,4,27,Figure 1. Endothelial cell-specific expression and gene structure of miR-126,圖和表,28,Explains background of study Places research in context of other studies Discusses how results compare with those of previous studies Emphasizes the importance of your findings,Discussion,29,Discussion要回答以下幾個問題： (1) 實驗結果為什么會這樣？（Why are they what they are?) (2) 從實驗結果中，能夠得出什么信息？(What meaning can you get from them?) (3) 實驗結果符合理論分析嗎？(Are they in consistent with biogenesis or disease pathogenesis?) (4) 實驗結果支持Hypothesis嗎？(Do your results support your assumptions?) (5) 實驗結果是如何支持或者否定你的Hypothesis？(What do they mean with respect to your hypothesis?),30,(6) 如何解釋、處理與假設矛盾的結果？(Can you account for them?) (7) 需要補充實驗或者重復實驗嗎？（Do your results suggest that you need to revise your experiments or repeat them?) (8) 研究結果與國內外相關工作的比較？(How do your results fit in with the work of others in the field?) (9) 本研究的特色與局限性？(What are the strengths and limitations in your study?) (10) 針對目前你的結果，你能夠提出下一步的工作嗎？(What additional work can you suggest?),31,Examples,32,33,34,CONCLUSION, Reiterates importance of study or findings May suggest need for further research,35,思考以下幾個問題： 你的問題是什么？（What is the problem?) 你的工作是什么？(What is your work?) 你的研究結果有什么創(chuàng)新？(Results of your work) 工作有什么特色和優(yōu)勢？(Advantages of your work),Abstract !,36,APPEARANCE “first impressions” are important to reviewers, Title page Clear, concise title Authors, affiliations clearly identified Headings be consistent (they should form an outline) Tables and Figures clear and sufficiently labeled References - check for duplication; follow journals instructions,The last, but not the least,37,Proof and Edit,Once the paper is written, get away from it After a period of time, print a HARD COPY of it, read it with a pen in hand, making corrections as you read Once the paper is revised, read it again as a “reader” rather than the “writer”,尤其注意以下幾點：not clear不清楚，not accurate不準確，其他包括題目和引言not concise不簡練，研究方法not complete不完整等。,38,Your Paper is ACCEPTED,Celebrate! Then, get back to work!,39,Everybody likes good story，be sure that the manuscript is:,Clear Accurate Comprehensive Concise Complete Accessible Organized Appropriately Presented (Appearance),什么樣的文章才是一篇好文章呢？,“有趣、重要”，是主觀評價，重要不一定有趣， 同一個題目，甲感興趣，乙不一定。,40,具體回答以下問題：,別人能夠看懂你的文章（clarified, logical）,別人看完能夠知道你在做什么? (what to do) (Abstract),別人看完能夠知道你為什么做? (why to do) (Introduction),別人能夠知道你是怎么做的? (how to do) (study design and methods),你的工作有什么貢獻? (results and contribution),你的工作有文獻依據嗎? (references),文章組織結構如何? (logical),你的文章符合你所投的期刊嗎? (the appropriate field),在平時工作的過程中，要留心一些研究設計和寫作較好的論文，保存整理，仿照它們的樣式來寫作自己的論文，只是模仿，切勿抄襲。,41,Rejected! Now what?,Do not Be surprised! Almost every paper is rejected AT LEAST once Despair Give up,42, Failing to do a THOROUGH search of the medical literature Relying on bibliographies of other publications as being accurate Assuming that your research is unique Overlooking or failing to include ALL relevant studies,常見問題 1：文獻復習是不是全面?,43,常見問題 2：急于發(fā)表?,Research results are not ready to be published until they: Significantly add to the published body of data Refute or question previously published findings Take research to a next logical and significant level “This paper does not add an