英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力`考試技巧指導(dǎo)方法.ppt

CET-4 LISTENING,蘇州環(huán)球雅思 陳靜,Smiley available in:,Mail: Phone:QQ: 354085205 Microblog: 跳跳糖敵敵畏,聽(tīng)力考試試題結(jié)構(gòu),聽(tīng)力部分總比重：35% 四種題型： 11-18 short conversation 8% 19-25 long conversation 7% 26-35 passage comprehension 10% 36-46 compound dictation 11道題 10% 0.5x8+3x2=10%,聽(tīng)力改革機(jī)考,70%,35%,短對(duì)話,短對(duì)話是四級(jí)考試中最有規(guī)律也最易提高的一個(gè)部分 所考的一般是與特定文化背景相結(jié)合常用語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，所以不會(huì)考兩人見(jiàn)面互相問(wèn)候whats cooking？ 短對(duì)話部分產(chǎn)生了一些固定的套路和思路，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，近年的短對(duì)話出題主要分為三大類型：,數(shù)字類時(shí)間日期、價(jià)格錢款、倍數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù),一、時(shí)間日期（絕跡） 題型特點(diǎn)：題目中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的時(shí)間，并針對(duì)其中某個(gè)時(shí)間或二者間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行提問(wèn) 解題對(duì)策： 聽(tīng)提前先瀏覽選項(xiàng)，如果看到與時(shí)間有關(guān)的數(shù)字或表達(dá)，迅速在旁邊做個(gè)小記號(hào)，提醒自己聽(tīng)這道題應(yīng)全神貫注，準(zhǔn)備隨時(shí)記錄聽(tīng)到的各個(gè)時(shí)間。,考查的是考生對(duì)信息的進(jìn)一步加工的能力。即，將聽(tīng)到原始信息加工到有答題價(jià)值。,知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,常用的標(biāo)志時(shí)間的詞匯： daily, each day, day by day, from day to day; weekly, monthly; yearly, annual; every 3 days , every other two days; every other day; the other day ; another day ,previously, formerly,時(shí)間的讀法：7：45，兩種讀法，一種記法 a q t 8 用回頭率換正確率（聽(tīng)到什么寫什么，a quarter to 8,然后回頭檢查時(shí)再將其“翻譯”為時(shí)刻）,二、價(jià)格錢款,題型特點(diǎn)：題目中會(huì)出現(xiàn)貨幣價(jià)格等，并針對(duì)其進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。 考的較少，但涉及的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是聽(tīng)力提高的基石，會(huì)以不同的形式出現(xiàn)在其他類型的題目中，不能小覷。,知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,常用貨幣單位，及其相互轉(zhuǎn)換： 1dollar=10 dimes =100 cents, a quarter ; pound penny pence; Euro (European dollar) 常用詞匯: discount, on sales, on offer, bargain, deal, voucher, cash voucher, complimentary gift,三、倍數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù),倍數(shù)：double，twice as much as, triple, three times as much as 分?jǐn)?shù)：基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞pl形式 e.g. a third, a half a quarter one and a third,（2）關(guān)鍵詞類人物關(guān)系、地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景,一、人物關(guān)系 題型特點(diǎn)：就對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)或提及的人物身份及相互關(guān)系進(jìn)行提問(wèn),?？缄P(guān)系： Teacher&student, doctor&patient, waiter/waitress/shop assistant/ attendant& customer, boss&secretary air crew& passengers,二、地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景 題型特點(diǎn)：題目中出現(xiàn)某一特定地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)景的詞匯、表達(dá)，要求猜測(cè)對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所及推測(cè)人物正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或討論的話題等。是短對(duì)話中?？嫉囊活愵}。,解題對(duì)策： 以關(guān)鍵詞為突破口，進(jìn)行場(chǎng)景聯(lián)想推斷，需要考生熟練掌握?？嫉膸最悎?chǎng)景，了解此類題目?？嫉乃悸?地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景總結(jié),四級(jí)聽(tīng)力段對(duì)哈的場(chǎng)景比較廣泛，但總體圍繞一個(gè)中心：以學(xué)習(xí)生活場(chǎng)景為主。 我們將常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景分為4類： 校園生活；日常生活；交通出游；工作求職；,（一）校園生活,1.論文 場(chǎng)景思路： 1.論文topic難定 ； 2.數(shù)據(jù)資料難找（想借的書借不到，借到的沒(méi)用，想還的過(guò)期了（overdue） ；,3.導(dǎo)師tutor要求嚴(yán)格； 4.好容易寫完后發(fā)現(xiàn)電腦壞了break down，crash（沒(méi)保存），或去打印時(shí)printer 壞了，要么就是queue/wait in a long line,場(chǎng)景詞匯,professor 教授； teaching fellow 講師； tutor / mentor / director / supervisor 導(dǎo)師； faculty 全體教職員工；,type（type it out），typewriter， print，printer， sketch，draft，data，graph，chart，table，topic， thesis/ paper（1.論文 2.報(bào)紙 3.文件 4.紙張）， laptop，desktop， laboratory，language lab; library，librarian;,lend / borrow / check out ； reference book ；renew ；overdue ；return,2.演講、上課、講座 場(chǎng)景思路： 1.演講過(guò)程難，有挑戰(zhàn)性:自己的演講感到緊張，但效果往往不錯(cuò)；別人的演講要么rewarding，wonderful，exciting，inspiring要么boring，人們dozen off,2.課程內(nèi)容難，不感興趣；作業(yè)往往多而難(但若認(rèn)真聽(tīng)課，勤奮學(xué)習(xí)就沒(méi)問(wèn)題)，男生成績(jī)差考試很難（道路曲折但前途光明） 3.雖然老師professor講課boring，但學(xué)生對(duì)教授評(píng)價(jià)往往較高如果聽(tīng)懂了非常精彩,場(chǎng)景詞匯,presentation, speech ,address, report 演講，報(bào)告； challenging, demanding,有挑戰(zhàn)性； feel nervous=have butterflies in ones stomach=ones heart is pumping out， come through with flying colors=successfully course，lecture，assignment，exam=quiz，,borrow the girls note， reading assignment-extensive reading, take the course =sign up for the course； register；pick up +課程名 學(xué)習(xí) selective course / elective course / optional course; required course / compulsory, seminar; credit；introductory course；advanced course； Final exam； middle exam ；take a make-up test補(bǔ)考；pop test 突擊測(cè)試,補(bǔ)充詞匯： freshman 大一新生； sophomore 大二； junior student 大三； senior student 大四學(xué)生； undergraduate student 本科生 ； graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生 doctor student博士； post doctor student 博士后,（二）日常生活,這類場(chǎng)景是對(duì)校園生活的補(bǔ)充，主要涉及有關(guān)購(gòu)物消費(fèi)，餐飲娛樂(lè)和日常交往等方面的話題。,1 購(gòu)物、買票、訂房間 場(chǎng)景思路： 1.學(xué)生窮，一般買的都是大減價(jià)的商品； 2.票一般很難買，需斗智斗勇； 3.訂房間、座位時(shí)一般都出問(wèn)題(即使當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)問(wèn)題，后來(lái)也會(huì)出問(wèn)題)，但最終都能解決。,場(chǎng)景詞匯,cost sb. an arm and a leg ; on sales=on offer; quite a bargain; steal, stolen from ; Shopping mall; department store; supermarket (WALMART,TESCO);,supplies; appliance; necessity; essential； make a reservation；confirm a reservation ； cancel a reservation ；be fully booked / full up / full 客滿;,tips小費(fèi); at the reception 前臺(tái) check in 登記入住; check out 退房,single room 單人房; double room一張雙人床房, twin room 兩張單人床的房間; suite 套房; bathroom/toilet /wate closet/restroom 廁所; room service 客房服務(wù); lobby大堂; ball 舞廳;bar酒吧;,2.餐飲娛樂(lè),這類場(chǎng)景主要涉及有關(guān)外出就餐，日常飲食，休閑娛樂(lè)和文化藝術(shù)等方面。 場(chǎng)景思路： 1.一般與美食無(wú)緣：不想吃，不能吃; 2.所以有幸吃完后一定要贊美,場(chǎng)景詞匯,menu; order; steak; dessert; appetizer； appetite; have no appetite/stomach for； Bon appetit main course 主菜； apple pie 蘋果派,make a reservation; reserve a table定位子; buffet自助餐, 快餐; fancy restaurant; meal ticket(飯票); eat out =dine out Eat here or take away ?堂吃還是外賣；,foot the bill 付賬 ； Lets go dutch A A制; My treat. 我請(qǐng)客； service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi)； change 找零； tips 小費(fèi)； keep the change 不用找零； Even my mothers cannot match this.(贊美食物好吃)我媽媽做的都比不上。,3.生病受傷,場(chǎng)景思路： 1.中國(guó)學(xué)生窮，生病受傷一般先拖著，直到比較嚴(yán)重才去看?。?2.病情一般不會(huì)太嚴(yán)重，注意飲食、休息、運(yùn)動(dòng)； 3.生病有時(shí)會(huì)耽誤課（本人并不情愿）miss the class, (drop the class,skip the class),場(chǎng)景詞匯：,medical center醫(yī)療中心； clinic診所； physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 surgeon 外科醫(yī)生 dentist牙醫(yī);,make an appointment預(yù)約; emergency room急診; check up / exam 檢查； cold感冒; flu流感 ; headache頭痛; sore throat嗓子痛; fever發(fā)燒;,stomachache胃疼； dizzy, faint 頭暈; vomit，throw up嘔吐; twist ones ankle， break ones leg， hurt/strain ones back;,the remedy for/against治的藥方 remedy sth 治療.； symptom 癥狀; cure sb.of a cure for 治愈; prescribe開(kāi)處方 fill the prescription按方抓藥;,pill / tablet 藥片 liquid藥水 injection/shot 注射 operation 手術(shù) medical result 診斷結(jié)果,4. 約會(huì)、打電話,場(chǎng)景思路： 1.電話打不通/打錯(cuò) 2、想找的人不在 3、約好的事做不了 4、想辦的事辦不成,場(chǎng)景詞匯： cell phone 手機(jī);pay phone 公用電話; telephone box/booth 電話亭; run out of coin, fit sb./sth in 找到時(shí)間(見(jiàn)某人、做某事) The doctor can fit you in today.醫(yī)生今天能跟你見(jiàn)面；,stand sb. up=cool ones heel放某人鴿子； cut off被中斷； hold on 別掛機(jī)； hang up=get off掛斷; dial the wrong number=there is no one by this name 打錯(cuò)電話了; receiver 聽(tīng)筒 slot 投幣孔； hook 鉤 telephone book = yellow pages 電話簿,5居家住房,場(chǎng)景思路： 1.電視 television，冰箱 fridge，烤箱 oven 電腦 computer需常修理； 2.房子難租：出租的房一般不會(huì)太好；價(jià)格一般較貴； 3.老外熱情，喜歡幫朋友找住處； 4.去別人家做客時(shí)，往往找不到門； 5.如果要搬遷，理由一定是冠冕堂皇的：一般是為了方便工作學(xué)習(xí),場(chǎng)景詞匯： live on campus 住校; live off campus 住校外； suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心； rent 出租；condition 住房條件；unfurnished 無(wú)裝修； blackout=powerfailure斷電； repair修理， maintenance維護(hù)保養(yǎng)， apartment complex公寓樓；,fill in/ fill out/ fill up填表格； bedroom 臥室； living room 起居室，客廳； rest room 廁所； land lord 房東； land lady 房東太太； tenant 房客； neat 整潔的； considerate 體貼的，細(xì)心的； messy / untidy 臟亂的； noisy 吵鬧的,（三）交通出游,1.交通 場(chǎng)景思路： 1.出門是極困難的：騎自行車掉鏈，公交車難擠，擠上了也會(huì)拋錨; 開(kāi)私家車堵車，上了路也會(huì)出車禍； 2.但車禍一般是死不了人的。,場(chǎng)景詞匯： license 駕照； rush hours 高峰時(shí)間； heavy ；traffic jam； be held up in the traffic被堵在路上； behind schedule= delay晚了; on schedule = on time; break traffic rules ； go speeding =be over speed 超速; overtake 超車;,one way street 單行道； police officer 交警; get a ticket被開(kāi)罰單; pay the fine 交罰金； subway（美）/ underground（英） 地鐵； fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 機(jī)動(dòng)車道； overhead 輕軌； flyover 過(guò)街天橋,2.機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景思路： 1.機(jī)票經(jīng)常售完，改坐別的航班； 2.趕飛機(jī)時(shí)間緊，但大都趕得上; 3.接人晚點(diǎn)送人傷感; 4.行李需檢查,場(chǎng)景詞匯： airplane/direct flight 直達(dá)航班； hall 候機(jī)廳；terminal 候機(jī)大廳，終端； first class頭等艙=business class; economy class經(jīng)濟(jì)艙; confirm the flight 確認(rèn)航班 check in 登記 boarding card 登機(jī)牌 security check 安檢,see sb.off 為sb.送行 keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系; board on 登機(jī)； switch off the cell phone; 關(guān)掉手機(jī)； take off 起飛; departure time 起飛時(shí)間；,safety/seat belt 安全； flight attendant乘務(wù)員； free food/snack available 提供免費(fèi)食物； make a safe landing 安全降落; land 降落； pick up 接機(jī),（四）工作求職,場(chǎng)景思路： 1.工作難找,面試需好好準(zhǔn)備; 2.對(duì)現(xiàn)有的工作不很滿意; 3.工作累人，日程安排緊,場(chǎng)景詞匯： have an opening for =job vacancy 有空缺職位 recruitment agency 職業(yè)介紹所； headhunter=head-hunting company; headhunting=executive search; paper報(bào)紙;,brochure 宣傳小冊(cè)； flier 傳單; interview面試； resume簡(jiǎn)歷; certificates證書； 身份證明identification =ID； qualification； reference letter推薦信；,cover letter自薦信； a tight schedule; psychometric test 心理測(cè)試， hand-writing analysis 筆跡分析； work overtime 加班； ask for a pay raise 加錢； wage 周薪；salary 日薪；bonus獎(jiǎng)金；allowance 津貼； get a promotion升職; dismiss sb.=fire sb.=give sb. the gate/boot/canvas解雇;,resign辭職; retire 退休; laid-off 下崗; post / position / title 職務(wù); holiday 假日，假期; vacation休假; annual leave年假; ask for sick leave 病假; coffee break休息喝咖啡.,（3）轉(zhuǎn)換推理類雙向轉(zhuǎn)換、邏輯推理 （難點(diǎn)）,一、雙向轉(zhuǎn)換 題型特點(diǎn)：所考察的問(wèn)題在原題中有明確的對(duì)應(yīng)答案，但往往不是原來(lái)的表述，正確答案常常是原文表達(dá)的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換（視聽(tīng)錯(cuò)位） 解題對(duì)策：迅速瀏覽題目，劃出關(guān)鍵詞，熟練掌握,知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備：同義表達(dá) passer-by=people who pass by=pedestrian Call off=cancel; interesting=fascinating=stimulating=not boring Go over=brush up on,Hit the ceiling=be very angry (2005.12.20) Be starving=ones stomach is grumbling=Im not half=I can eat like a horse Have a taste for=like doing sth.=go in for 。,二、邏輯推理,否定 虛擬 比較,(一)否定類 題型特點(diǎn)：通過(guò)對(duì)話人的語(yǔ)音，語(yǔ)調(diào)，談話的內(nèi)容，對(duì)事物的褒貶表達(dá)，來(lái)判斷說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度看法。難度較大，題目出現(xiàn)幾率大約為2-3道題 解題對(duì)策：“透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)“，鍛煉從暗示，轉(zhuǎn)折，引申中推斷答案的能力。掌握英文常用的肯定、否定表達(dá)，了解真實(shí)條件句和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，熟悉比較句型,知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,表示同意： Yeah! How true! Exactly! Absolutely! Well said! You got it! You said it! You can say that again. You bet! Thats for sure. My opinion exactly! You took the words out of my mouth. I wish I had said that.,Could be! Yes, youve point there. I am with you there So it seems! So to speak! In the manner of speaking. Thats one way of looking at it.,正式同意： I share your view on that! It makes a lot of sense . I couldnt agree with you more. You are a genius.,Youre really talented! Okay, you are the doctor. I think I will go along with your proposal. I get your back. Out of question,不同意: Not really. Not at all. Of course not. No way. Not a chance. In your dreams. Over my dead body. Do you really think so . If I were you I wouldnt speak too soon.= Dont speak too soon.,I am not convinced. Im afraid we dont see eye to eye on this. That was not the case. No, I dont agree. Dont waste your breath. You must be joking. / kidding .,You cant be serious. I wasnt born yesterday. Thats ridiculous. Its pure fiction. Non-sense! Thats out of the question!,(二)條件句及虛擬語(yǔ)氣 條件句有兩種，一是真實(shí)條件句，二是虛擬條件句。真實(shí)條件句表達(dá)的意思是直接而明顯的，一般有可能實(shí)現(xiàn); 虛擬條件句是間接而含蓄的。 聽(tīng)到條件句時(shí)首先想它是真實(shí)的還是虛擬的。,條件句中以if引導(dǎo)居多， 它們經(jīng)常用省略的形式，如if possible, if any, if not, if so, if necessary, if needed等， 聽(tīng)省略形式的條件句，主要應(yīng)該抓住主句的基本內(nèi)容， as long as, so long as, suppose, supposing, lets say,虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以表示與事實(shí)相反的含義。 表示與現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的主要形式為：當(dāng)從句為過(guò)去式,主句為wouldshouldcouldmight+動(dòng)詞原形； 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式為：當(dāng)從句為had+過(guò)去分詞，主句則用wouldshouldcouldmighthave過(guò)去分詞。 聽(tīng)力中考的相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，虛擬語(yǔ)氣就是把時(shí)態(tài)往過(guò)去推。,常用于引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞有： were if I were you I would=you should 00.06.4 W: If I were you, I would have accepted the job as if, as though, if only, provided that, but for, if it were not for, if it had not been for,（三）比較句 等比情況 用原級(jí)表比較: as+adj原形+as not half as good as 不等比情況 用比較級(jí)表最高級(jí) No one knows better. No one knows more aboutthan,用比較級(jí)最高級(jí)表否定 should be better. You deserve better. be the last thing I want in the world, be the least of worries, be superior to, be inferior to , prefer A to B, prefer to do A rather than do B ,would rather do A than do B. be far from satisfactory sth. leaves much to be desired,短對(duì)話解題技巧,利用試音及中途停頓時(shí)間看選項(xiàng)，學(xué)會(huì)迅速瀏覽選項(xiàng)并劃出關(guān)鍵詞，或找出選項(xiàng)的不同之處，便于迅速把握各選項(xiàng)涵義，減少反應(yīng)時(shí)間。 如果選項(xiàng)中有數(shù)字，迅速記下來(lái)。 看到選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)景詞匯可大致猜測(cè)一下對(duì)話的內(nèi)容和問(wèn)題。 盡量多瀏覽幾道題，如果時(shí)間不夠，至少看完前三道題。,聽(tīng)到試音結(jié)束，立即停止瀏覽，集中精力看要做的題目，利用選項(xiàng)做相關(guān)記錄 一定穩(wěn)定心態(tài)，沒(méi)聽(tīng)清也不要慌，繼續(xù)聽(tīng)下面的。 把握聽(tīng)力關(guān)鍵小詞，如轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、時(shí)間、暗示等，對(duì)關(guān)鍵句型要敏感，如反問(wèn)、建議等，著重聽(tīng)but, although 等后面的話，這些往往是答案所在。 如果有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)清的，可依靠常識(shí)、平時(shí)的特定場(chǎng)景及思路進(jìn)行判斷與猜測(cè)。,解題原則,一、兜圈子原則 即所謂的“聽(tīng)到什么不選什么”：多數(shù)情況下，對(duì)話中一般沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案，需對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行推理，故直接在對(duì)話中聽(tīng)到的一般不是正確答案。 在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候要注意抓住選擇項(xiàng)的同義或反義詞，或根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。,1.語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào): 通常用降調(diào)，特別是在一般疑問(wèn)句或反義疑問(wèn)句中用降調(diào)，表示對(duì)事物的肯定； 用升調(diào)，特別是在肯定句中或特殊疑問(wèn)句中用升調(diào)，表示對(duì)事物的懷疑和否定。 有時(shí)通過(guò)反義問(wèn)句的否定含義來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的意圖。,2.事物間的聯(lián)系 不直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼗卮饐?wèn)題，而是大放煙霧彈，需要腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎，順藤摸瓜,領(lǐng)會(huì)說(shuō)話人意圖 3虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)相反的意圖,二女尊男卑原則：一般男生地位低，女生較為“上等”。 男生提出的觀點(diǎn)女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的觀點(diǎn)男生都是同意和贊賞的。 男生不論學(xué)習(xí)工作生活上往往都時(shí)已受挫，女生則常常春風(fēng)得意。,三悲慘原則： 所談?wù)撌卤厝豢部啦ㄕ鄱嗄ルy，決不可能一帆風(fēng)順，意外是一定發(fā)生的，但通過(guò)主人公積極發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性，往往結(jié)局較好。即血淚交加中的光明與希望，曲折性與前進(jìn)性相統(tǒng)一。 四常識(shí)原則： 符合常識(shí)的不一定總對(duì)，但不符合常識(shí)的，日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生的;內(nèi)容不合理的，比較荒謬的選項(xiàng),不利于精神文明及和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)的，一定不對(duì).,平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練：,首先，要糾正發(fā)音，應(yīng)注意熟悉并模仿純正英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音。還要注意連讀弱讀等， 其次，注意積累并理解?？嫉膱?chǎng)景和思路，掌握每個(gè)場(chǎng)景相關(guān)常考的詞匯和表達(dá)。 然后，最重要的是聽(tīng)真題。,一份真題最好能聽(tīng)三遍: 1.邊聽(tīng)邊做題，然后核對(duì)答案 2. 不看原文再聽(tīng)一遍，著重聽(tīng)做錯(cuò)的題。 3.將仍做錯(cuò)的題找出，看著原文聽(tīng)一遍，并總結(jié)出錯(cuò)的原因：,單詞沒(méi)聽(tīng)清，單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，不熟悉特殊語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象引起的變音，固定搭配不理解。 五套題，聽(tīng)力水平會(huì)有大幅提升。聽(tīng)爛一套題比濫聽(tīng)十套題更有效。 重視常用語(yǔ)的固定表達(dá)與固定搭配,如果不了解其中固定用法的意義就不能判斷說(shuō)話人的意圖，這就要求我們熟練掌握、積累短語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)、慣用法的意義。,長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,長(zhǎng)對(duì)話考察的內(nèi)容和形式與短對(duì)話十分相似，一脈相承，是短對(duì)話的加長(zhǎng)版，屬于短對(duì)話到篇章聽(tīng)力理解的過(guò)渡形式。 從量上說(shuō)：通常為6-9個(gè)回合，時(shí)間控制在1：40-2：00之間。信息量大，關(guān)鍵信息容易被淹沒(méi)，持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，容易走神。 從質(zhì)上說(shuō)：題目常以客觀題為主，輔以少量的主觀判斷題。題目類型，出題規(guī)律等與短對(duì)話極為類似，句子口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)，考點(diǎn)往往蘊(yùn)含在長(zhǎng)句中，且分布得比較均勻（對(duì)話的開(kāi)篇，中間和結(jié)尾），可依據(jù)順序原則進(jìn)行答題。,長(zhǎng)對(duì)話命題特點(diǎn)總結(jié),1. 一般會(huì)有一題整體把握，考察對(duì)話主題、對(duì)話人物關(guān)系或?qū)υ挼攸c(diǎn)場(chǎng)景等。 若為多話題內(nèi)容，則選擇其中幾個(gè)話題進(jìn)行考察； 若為內(nèi)容為單一事件的描述，則關(guān)注事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)、結(jié)果等方面; 若為調(diào)研性內(nèi)容，則考察點(diǎn)往往可能集中到被調(diào)研人的觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)、建議等方面。,2. 對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾幾句話往往是考察的重點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還會(huì)根據(jù)題目設(shè)置，針對(duì)對(duì)話中部的一兩處進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。 問(wèn)題的設(shè)置符合順序原則。在文中問(wèn)答交替處，尤其是問(wèn)題的回答部分。 出現(xiàn)以下“燈塔詞匯”的地方往往為問(wèn)題答案所在，或者答案的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。,a.轉(zhuǎn)折詞：But, However, Nevertheless, Otherwise, Whereas ,Yet, Unfortunately，In contrast b.動(dòng)詞：Said, Told, Discovered, Found, Showed, Indicated. c.語(yǔ)氣加以強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞：frst, last, most, just, only d.此外，出現(xiàn)下列情況時(shí)考生也應(yīng)多注意：舉例、重復(fù)、設(shè)問(wèn)，這些地方也是答案集中區(qū)域。,解題步驟與原則,總原則：與短對(duì)話正好相反，“聽(tīng)到什么選什么”。 1、答案設(shè)置的順序原則：?jiǎn)栴}的順序與行文順序一致。 2、對(duì)于較短的選項(xiàng)，可以邊聽(tīng)邊看選項(xiàng)，一般都是細(xì)節(jié)題。,3、較長(zhǎng)的選項(xiàng)，如果時(shí)間充裕，可以快速瀏覽并劃出其關(guān)鍵詞，掌握選項(xiàng)的大致含義。如果時(shí)間緊迫，來(lái)不及瀏覽選項(xiàng)，可以先集中精力聽(tīng)完文章，做好記錄，回頭再仔細(xì)閱讀每個(gè)選項(xiàng)，結(jié)合筆記作答。 出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)選項(xiàng)的題一般以主旨大意題為主，考查的是整篇文章的中心主旨等，所以概括性強(qiáng)、反應(yīng)中心的選項(xiàng)一般更有可能是正確答案。,4、首末句加中間：一般而言，對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾對(duì)應(yīng)著第一和最后一道題，對(duì)所選答案不確定時(shí)，可以看那個(gè)選項(xiàng)與首末句最為接近。聽(tīng)到中間部分時(shí)要對(duì)上面總結(jié)的幾類“燈塔詞匯”分外敏感，著重記錄，防止混淆。,知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備：一詞多義,paper: 1 論文 2005.06.33. W: I am going to Marthas house. I have a paper to complete. And I need to use her computer. M: Why dont you buy one yourself? Think how much time you could save. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?,2008.12.1717. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee? W: Id love to, but Im exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class. Q: Why does the woman decline the mans invitation?,2 報(bào)紙 2002.06.9 M: Excuse me, Id like to place an advertisement for a used car in this Sunday edition of your paper. W: Ok, but you have to run your advertisement all week. We cant quote rates for just Sunday. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place,3.紙 2001.01.6 W: Im looking for a quality paper to type my essay. I dont see any on the shelf. M: I saw some in the stock room in the morning. Ill go and check. Q: What does the woman want to buy?,bill,1 賬單，買單。 2007.12 passage 3 and thus you dont have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once.,2）提案。 We all passed the bill on yesterdays board meeting. 在昨天的董事會(huì)上我們?nèi)蓖ㄟ^(guò)該提案。,3）紙幣。 2003.9.passage two The guards and other employees stood back and let him stuff the bills in his shirt and pants without trying to prevent him from taking the money. Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please. 4）人名,book,1）書。本意，簡(jiǎn)單名詞。圖書館場(chǎng)景中常見(jiàn)。（textbook, bookstore 較常出現(xiàn)） 2001.01.8. M: I bought a few books at the new bookstore. Would you like to have a look at them? W: A few? It looks like you bought out the bookstore Q: What does the woman mean?,2002.01.2. W: Did you find the book for your reading assignment in the library? M: It closed before I got there. I had no idea that it closes so early on weekends. Q: What does the man mean?,2） 預(yù)定，訂購(gòu)。 be booked up 被預(yù)定空了；booking office 售票處 All the rooms have been booked up. 2006.01.7 M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive. W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment. Q: What does the woman mean?,2007.6 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話1 W: No, no, hold on-according to our records, a room for 5 guests was booked under your name. 2008.12.長(zhǎng)對(duì)話1 . Once the jobs over, thats it. Im not on their books any more.,change,1） 改變，更改。 Id love to date a different type of man for a change.,2000.01.9 M: Jane, you wont be able to get to the airport in time to catch the 10 oclock flight. W: I realize that now. Ill have to get my ticket changed. Q: What will the woman have to do?,2） 零錢。 Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change. 2001.01.1 M: Hi, Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.,check,1）檢查,查看。 check our baggage 檢查行李,托運(yùn)行李。 check on it 問(wèn)問(wèn)看 Maybe I should call to check on it. 也許我應(yīng)該打個(gè)電話問(wèn)問(wèn)看。 2001.01.6 M: I saw some in the stock room in the morning. Ill go and check,2002.01.3. M: Did you check the power plug and press the play button? 2004.06.8 W: Hello, this is Doctor Gray s office. We re calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual check - up tomorrow. 2006.01.8 M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards.,2）登機(jī)臺(tái) check-in counter 2002.06.8 M: Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles 3）支票。 sign the check a check for+金額,copy,1） 一本，一份 2003.09.3 Id like to buy a copy of Professor Franklins book On American Culture. 2000.06.1 Would you like a copy of professor Smiths article?,2005.01.7 W: Professor Newman, a few of us at the back didnt get a copy of your reading assignment 2） 復(fù)印 簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞。 Could you copy this article for me?,count,1） 數(shù)數(shù) 2002.12. You can tell the age of a tree by counting its rings,2） 依靠 count on 依賴 You can count on it 2002.06.4 M: Well have to count on good weather. But if it does rain, the whole thing will have to be canceled.,cover,1） 封面。 hard cover 精裝書=hard back book cover figure The hard cover is on sale for the same price as the paperback this week in the bookshop. She seldom reads books from cover to cover.,2） 讀完，完成。 2002.06.3 W:I think weve covered everything. What about a cup of coffee before we move onto the next item 2003.06.長(zhǎng)對(duì)話 W: oh, I didnt read straight through the way you read a novel, I just covered a few chapters which interested me most.,3） 覆蓋,包涵 2006.6.17 It can cover large buildings. 2007.12 It generally covers a wide variety of medical services and you are often given a list of doctors in the area where you will travel who may even speak your native language. 4） 掩護(hù) （CS）,drop,1） 拜訪。drop by 2003.06.21 M:I wonder if you can drop by tomorrow evening. The Steven sons are coming over to dinner. Id like you to meet them. 我想知道你能否在明晚過(guò)來(lái) 2） 載人一程。 2003.09.6 M: Okay. Im going home but I can drop you at the supermarket.,3） 忘掉，放棄。drop it 2005.01.2 M: Im going to drop my Information Science class. It needs too early in the morning. W: Is that really the good reason to drop the class, Tony?,4) drop sb. a line 給某人寫信 2008.12 Well, Ive been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally, dropping: 2009.06 Attracting numbers of birds continually to the same spot can be harmful to them, particularly species that pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds.,expect,1） 期待，被認(rèn)為。 2009.06 Oh, I expect old Jake will get by. He is healthy at least, comes into a clinic for a check regularly。,2）