總部經(jīng)濟與總部統(tǒng)計探討ATentativeExplorationintoth.ppt

總部經(jīng)濟與總部統(tǒng)計探討 A Tentative Exploration into the Headquarters Economy and Headquarter Statistics 北京市人民政府專家顧問團顧問 Adviser of Peoples Government of Beijing 北京市社會科學(xué)院中國總部經(jīng)濟研究中心主任 Director of China Center for Headquarters Economy Research, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences 趙 弘 研究員 Professor Zhao Hong 2008年10月20日,主要內(nèi)容 Main Contents,一、發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟具有重要戰(zhàn)略價值 Developing headquarters economy has important strategic value 二、北京總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展走在全國前列 Beijing is in the head of headquarters economy in China 三、北京市應(yīng)率先探索建立總部經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計體系 Beijing should try to establish the statistics system of headquarters economy,一、發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟具有重要戰(zhàn)略價值 .Developing headquarters economy has important strategic value,（一）總部經(jīng)濟內(nèi)涵,總部經(jīng)濟是指某區(qū)域由于特有的優(yōu)勢資源吸引企業(yè)總部集群布局，形成總部集聚效應(yīng)，并通過“總部制造基地”功能鏈條輻射帶動生產(chǎn)制造基地所在區(qū)域發(fā)展，由此實現(xiàn)不同區(qū)域分工協(xié)作、資源優(yōu)化配置的一種經(jīng)濟形態(tài) Headquarters economy can be defined as an economic modality with coordinated regional cooperation and optimized resource collocation which is created by some certain specific advantageous regional resources that attract a whole congregation of enterprise headquarter business, forming up what is called “headquarter convergence effect”, which, with its “headquarter- manufacturing base” functional chain radiating further ahead and thus driving up the regional development.,總部經(jīng)濟概念由研究制造業(yè)而提出，但是總部經(jīng)濟理論不僅適用于制造業(yè)，也適用于服務(wù)業(yè)等其他行業(yè) The theory of headquarters economy not only applies to the manufacturing sector, but also to other industries, such as the service industry. 三層次理解： 資源配置方式 a mode of Resource Allocation 中心城市經(jīng)濟形態(tài) an economic form of Central Cities 企業(yè)發(fā)展模式 a pattern of Enterprise Development,（二）總部經(jīng)濟實現(xiàn)“三贏”發(fā)展 2.Headquarters economy achieves “win-win-win”,總部1996年從蘭州遷入北京，資產(chǎn)5億元，2005年集團資產(chǎn)達到300億元，銷售額300億元，10年擴張60倍 藍星控股“藍星清洗”、“星新材料”、“沈陽化工”3家上市公司，在國內(nèi)擁有25個工廠和4個科研機構(gòu)。在海外擁有15個工廠，7個研發(fā)和技術(shù)服務(wù)機構(gòu)，營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)遍及全球140多個國家 藍星集團不僅對北京經(jīng)濟發(fā)展作出了貢獻，而且?guī)恿宋挥谌珖鞯氐纳a(chǎn)制造基地所在區(qū)域的發(fā)展,藍星集團,The headquarter of BlueStar Co. removed from Lanzhou to Beijing in 1996 . The asset and sale of the company arrived at 30 billion RMB in 2005, expanding 60 times in ten years.,（三）發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟在我國現(xiàn)階段具有重要戰(zhàn)略價值 Developing headquarters economy has important strategic value at the current stage in China 1. 總部經(jīng)濟提升我國在全球價值鏈中支配權(quán) Headquarters economy upgrades Chinas due dominance in the global industrial system,近年來我國經(jīng)濟實力不斷增強，全球競爭力不斷提升 In recent years, chinas economic strength continue to strengthen, and global competitiveness continue to upgrade. 目前我國有210多種產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量居世界第一 2007年底世界經(jīng)濟論壇（World Economic Forum）發(fā)布的20072008年度全球競爭力報告顯示，我國全球競爭力排名由2006年的第54位上升至2007年的34位,但總體來看仍然處于全球價值鏈和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈低端 On the whole ,still in the low-end of global value chain and the industrial chain. 發(fā)達國家擁有世界86%的研發(fā)投入、90%以上的發(fā)明專利 80 percent of the R&D invest and more than 90 percent of the patents for invention belong to developed countries. 珠三角：“兩頭在外，中間在內(nèi)”，大部分中小企業(yè)主要從事加工、組裝、裝配等附加值較低的OEM業(yè)務(wù),耐克全球1000多個簽約工廠，中國有128家授權(quán)生產(chǎn)商。一雙售價300美元的耐克鞋，中國的出廠價格為10美元 Nike has more than 1000 factories in the world, and 128 of them are in China. The selling price of a pair of Nike shoes is 300 dollars, but its manufacturers price is only 10 dollars.,粗放式經(jīng)濟增長方式（廉價勞動力、消耗大量能源、犧牲生態(tài)環(huán)境）已走到盡頭，唯有轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，才能改變我國在世界經(jīng)濟體系分工中的地位，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展 Extensive mode of economic growth (cheap labor, consuming a large amount of energy, at the expense of the environment) has come to an end, China wont take the leading position in the world economic system and achieve sustainable development until it changes in the way of economic development 總部經(jīng)濟是生產(chǎn)全球產(chǎn)業(yè)支配力的經(jīng)濟 Headquarters economy is an economy producing the ascendant of global industry 積極推進總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，逐漸占據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和價值鏈的高端，改變我國在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)分工格局中的地位,2. 總部經(jīng)濟助推中心城市經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型 Headquarters economy drives the economic transformation of the central cities,工業(yè)化背景下的城市化，工業(yè)化的進程早于城市化，許多城市尤其是中心城市面臨經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的巨大壓力 Many Chinese cities, particularly the central cities, are presently faced with enormous pressure arising from their economc transformations.,壓力一：資源環(huán)境壓力制約城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展 Firstly: The pressure on resources and environmental constraints the urban sustainable development,我國人均資源相當于世界平均水平的比重 The ratio between Chinas per capita resources and the world average,壓力二：制造業(yè)“空心化” 對城市經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展提出新挑戰(zhàn) Secondly: Manufacturing “hollowing” points out a new challenge to the sustainable development of urban economy.,許多大城市土地價格飆升、人工成本上升、環(huán)境壓力加大等，迫使企業(yè)將生產(chǎn)制造環(huán)節(jié)從大城市遷到中小城市、欠發(fā)達地區(qū)，大城市制造業(yè)“空心化”現(xiàn)象嚴重 The rising of land price rapidly, the rising of labor cost, the increasing of Environmental pressure in big cities, force manufacturing links move to small and medium-sized cities, under developed areas from big cities. “hollowing out” of big citys Manufacturing is serious.,原有工業(yè)布局隨著城市規(guī)?？焖贁U張，已經(jīng)不適合在中心城區(qū)發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需要從二產(chǎn)向三產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級 With the rapid expanding of Urban scale, The original layout of the industry doesnt suit for the development in the central urban area, the industry need upgrade from the secondary industry to Tertiary industry.,壓力三：城市面臨日益嚴重的空間資源約束，如何提高單位空間的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨的重要課題 Lastly: the city suffer from space constraints seriously. How to improve the space units Economic output is an important subject of Economic development.,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)處于低端環(huán)節(jié)，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)低級化，以商貿(mào)、餐飲、房地產(chǎn)等行業(yè)為主,通過發(fā)展企業(yè)總部和研發(fā)、營銷等價值鏈高端環(huán)節(jié)，帶動現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展，提高單位空間的產(chǎn)出效率，推動城市產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和功能提升 Through developing the value chains high-end segments, such as Corporate headquarters, research and development, marketing, to promote the development of modern service industry, achieve urban Industrial upgrading and functional promotion.,3. 總部經(jīng)濟推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 headquarters economy promotes regional economics coordinated development,改革開放三十年來，我國總體得到快速發(fā)展，但區(qū)域間差距（沿海和內(nèi)陸差距、大城市與中小城市差距等）仍較大 For the past 30 odd years since the reform and opening up to the outside world, and along with an overall economic development, China has also seen an ever-increasing phenomenon of uneven development among different regions.,GDP：2007年東部GDP比中西部GDP之和高6.21萬億（下圖） GDP: In 2007, the GDP of East China is 6.21 trillion yuan RMB more than West China and Middle China.,人均GDP： 2007年我國東部地區(qū)為29703元/人，中部地區(qū)約為東部的51，西部約為東部的44 GDP per capita: In 2007, the GDP per capita of East China is 29703 yuan RMB. The GDP per capita of Middle China is about 51% of that of East China ,and the GDP per capita of West China is about 44% of that of East China.,區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡如何解決，必須尋求在市場經(jīng)濟條件下的區(qū)域合作，基于區(qū)域間的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢、資源差異來實現(xiàn) 總部經(jīng)濟以企業(yè)為載體，以市場為機制，以資源差異為條件，實現(xiàn)大城市與中小城市、發(fā)達地區(qū)與欠發(fā)達地區(qū)之間由原來的產(chǎn)品合作、產(chǎn)品配套向功能合作、功能配套拓展升級，達到區(qū)域經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和區(qū)域共贏的目的,現(xiàn)階段我國發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟條件漸趨成熟 Conditions for the headquarters economic development of China in the present stage are by and large ripe,條件一：網(wǎng)絡(luò)將世界聯(lián)為一體，信息技術(shù)和通訊手段的飛速發(fā)展與廣泛應(yīng)用，使總部與制造基地等能夠以很低的成本保持及時、通暢的信息溝通 The first condition: The network together the world as one, the rapid development and extensive application of information technology and means of communication ,it makes the headquarters and manufacturing base maintain information communication timely and openly by low cost.,條件二：一批城市已經(jīng)率先發(fā)展起來，特別是一些中心城市已經(jīng)具備了吸引高端人才的條件，具有發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟的能力 The second condition: The first group of cities has been developed, particularly a lot of central cities have the ability to assume developing the headquarters economic and enhancing the global power. 根據(jù)中國社科院發(fā)布的2007/2008年全球城市競爭力報告，中國共有59座城市入選全球城市500強，其中上海排名第41、深圳排名第64、北京排名第66；跨國公司落戶指數(shù)前10名中，北京、上海分列第9、10位 According to Global Urban Competitiveness Report 2007/2008, 59 Chinese cities were selected as the worlds top 500 cities, and Shanghai ranked 41st, Shenzhen ranked 64th, Beijing ranked 66th.,條件三：一批企業(yè)成為發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟的主體，推動我國總部經(jīng)濟向更高階段發(fā)展 The last condition: A number of enterprises become the mainstay of headquarters economy, to promote Chinas headquarters economy to a higher stage of development 2008年中國大陸25家企業(yè)入選財富世界500強，其中北京21家，上海2家，廣州1家，長春1家 2008年中國企業(yè)500強整體實力明顯提高,中石油化工集團、國家電網(wǎng)公司、中國石油天然氣集團3家企業(yè)的營業(yè)收入突破了萬億元人民幣，有46家企業(yè)達到了千億元 截至2007年底，中國近7000家境內(nèi)投資主體在全球173個國家和地區(qū)設(shè)立對外直接投資企業(yè)超過1萬家，2007年中國對外直接投資凈額為265.1億美元，是2002年的10.6倍,二、北京市總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展走在全國前列 .The Beijing Municipality possesses a front row position with its pioneering headquarters economy development in the whole country,（一）北京總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展總體情況 The situation of headquarters economy development in Beijing,北京總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展能力連續(xù)4年全國排名第一 以跨國公司地區(qū)總部為代表的國際總部資源是北京總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要力量 Regional headquarters of transnational companies and other international headquarter resources are an important driving force for developing headquarters economy 北京有各類跨國公司地區(qū)總部42家（其中經(jīng)商務(wù)部認定的有20家） There are 42 transnational companies of various types headquartered in Beijing 北京有跨國公司地區(qū)總部性質(zhì)的投資性公司153家，占全國投資性公司總數(shù)的50%以上，位居全國中心城市首位；外資研發(fā)中心達239家 There are 153 investment companies with the transnational regional headquarter nature, making up over 50% of the total investment-natured companies in the whole country, which ranks Beijing with the top position in this respect. there are 239 foreign funded R&D centers stationed in Beijing.,以國內(nèi)企業(yè)集團總部為代表的國內(nèi)總部資源是北京總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的另一重要力量 Headquarters of domestic enterprises and groups and other headquarter resources in China are another important force in the development of headquarters economy,北京有大型中央企業(yè)集團160家，其中金融企業(yè)集團41家。2008年財富世界500強我國大陸25家企業(yè)入選，有21家總部設(shè)在北京 There are 160 odd large central enterprises and groups presently stationed in Beijing, among which 41 are financial enterprises and groups.,北京有非央屬企業(yè)集團106家，包括本土成長起來的企業(yè)，如聯(lián)想、方正等，以及從國內(nèi)其他省市遷過來的企業(yè)集團，如經(jīng)緯紡機、遠大空調(diào)、藍星集團等 Beijing also has 106 odd non-central enterprise and groups, including localized enterprises and some migrated enterprises and groups from other provinces or cities in China.,北京商務(wù)中心區(qū)CBD Beijing Central Business District,2007年底，入駐CBD企業(yè)達4866家，其中世界500強企業(yè)130余家、跨國公司800余家；擁有經(jīng)商務(wù)部或北京市認定的跨國公司地區(qū)總部20多家，外商投資公司88家 By the end of 2006, 4866 enterprises had stationed in CBD, amongst which 130 were ranked as being among the Top Fortune 500 enterprises. There were some 800 transnational companies stationed in CBD, of which 20 have already gained recognition from the Ministry of Commerce or from the Beijing Municipality. Also stationed in CBD are 88 foreign investment companies. 2007年前10個月，CBD的3.99平方公里土地上，創(chuàng)造了45.1億元的區(qū)級地稅收入 The first ten months of 2007,the 3.99 2 land of CBD, absorbed 135,000 employees, created tax revenue 4.51 billion Yuan.,（二）北京總部經(jīng)濟空間分布 Spatial distribution of Beijing headquarters economy,金融街 Financial Street,國家金融監(jiān)管機構(gòu)人民銀行、銀監(jiān)會、證監(jiān)會、保監(jiān)會等 全國性金融巨頭中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設(shè)銀行總部，110多家股份制銀行、證券、保險公司總部和分支機構(gòu) 外資金融機構(gòu)瑞士銀行、紐約銀行、澳大利亞西太平洋銀行等20多家 國內(nèi)大企業(yè)集團總部中國電信、中國移動、中國聯(lián)通、中國網(wǎng)通、中國電力等 There are some 1500 enterprises of various types already stationed in the Financial Street, of which there are 580 odd renowned enterprises and large group headquarters and 120 financial organizations. 金融資產(chǎn)總額占全國金融資產(chǎn)總額的70%，控制著全國90%以上的信貸資金和65%的保費資金 The total financial property is evaluated to have reached 33 trillion Yuan, constituting 70% of the national total with 90% of the national credit capitals and 65% of insurance premiums under control. The daily flux of capitals has exceeded 10 billion Yuan. 金融街占地僅1平方公里，2007年實現(xiàn)三級稅收858.6億元，,占北京市三級稅收總額的1/5 Financial Street occupies only 1 km2，2007,the tax totaled 858.6 hundred million yuan, account for 1/5 of Beijing.,中關(guān)村科技園區(qū)海淀園 Haidian Park of Zhongguancun Science Park,形成了以IT產(chǎn)業(yè)為主的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)企業(yè)總部及研發(fā)總部聚集區(qū) It has formed a gathering area of high-tech corporate headquarters and R&D headquarters mainly based on IT industry. 海淀園有跨國公司研發(fā)機構(gòu)40多家，如IBM 、Intel、Microsoft等，國內(nèi)企業(yè)研發(fā)機構(gòu)70多家 At present, there are over 40 transnational R&D organizations such as IBM，Intel，Microsoft, etc alongside some 70 odd domestic enterprise-based R&D organizations.,聯(lián)想成為內(nèi)地第一家進入全球500強的民營企業(yè)，新浪、搜狐、百度等一大批企業(yè)登陸國際資本市場 Lenovo became the first private enterprises to enter the worlds top 500, Sina, Sohu, Baidu and so on, a large number of companies enter the international capital market,三、北京市應(yīng)率先探索建立總部經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計體系 . Beijing should make pioneering endeavors in establishing its headquarters economy statistic monitoring system,（一）總部經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對統(tǒng)計提出了新的需求 The development of headquarters economy puts forward new requirement to statistics,現(xiàn)行統(tǒng)計指標體系中沒有將總部型企業(yè)作為專門的類別進行統(tǒng)計 One is that enterprises adopting headquarters mode is not separated as an individual class in the current statistics index system. 總部型企業(yè)的經(jīng)營活動，在現(xiàn)有統(tǒng)計體系中并沒有獨立的、專門的清楚的標識，分散在各個行業(yè)中，總部經(jīng)濟對區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟社會貢獻也就難以直觀的反映出來 Because the operating activities of these headquarter-mode enterprises are separated around various kinds of industries and not marked out clearly in the current statistics system, their contributions to the economic and social development of the corresponding regions are hard to be reflected directly.,現(xiàn)行統(tǒng)計體系中能夠?qū)⒉糠挚偛啃推髽I(yè)的經(jīng)營活動提取出來，但難以涵蓋全部范圍 Another is that the current statistics system can extract only part of the operating activities of these headquarter-mode enterprises, but cant contain the whole scope of the operating activities. 現(xiàn)行統(tǒng)計體系中，“商務(wù)服務(wù)業(yè)”中“企業(yè)管理服務(wù)”，能反映出部分總部型企業(yè)的經(jīng)營活動，主要是從事多元化經(jīng)營且具有管理服務(wù)職能的企業(yè)集團總部對于子公司的管理服務(wù)活動，但并不能夠全面覆蓋總部型企業(yè)范圍 In the current statistics system of our country, the index of “enterprise management service” can reflect part of the operating activities of headquarter-mode enterprises. head