高中英語Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaSectionⅢGrammar限制性定語從句教學(xué)案外研版.docx

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Section Grammar 限制性定語從句語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.The woman (whom) you saw just now is our teacher. Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there are many great philosophers.Do you know the reason why he has been late?For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.He is a man of whom China can be proud. 我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)句中黑體部分的引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系代詞，分別在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、主語、賓語、定語。(2)由句可知，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時，可以省略。(3)句中黑體部分的引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系副詞，分別在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)、時間、原因狀語。(4)句為介詞which/whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。一、定語從句的概念與分類在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。前者緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去；后者主句與從句之間用逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。二、限制性定語從句的作用限制性定語從句為先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語從句，若去掉，被修飾的主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫時不可用逗號分開。He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那個人。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那個人的車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。(此處 whose 用來修飾其后面的名詞 car，其先行詞是 man，相當(dāng)于 the mans car)三、關(guān)系詞的用法1關(guān)系代詞的用法(1)that 和 which 的用法which 指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它們在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，which 和 that 在從句中作賓語時可以省略。Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.請找一間足夠住下我們所有人的房間。This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.這就是我們近日來一直在找的小偷。在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時只能用that而不用which的情況：a當(dāng)先行詞是all，little，few，none，anything，something, everything, nothing等詞時。Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?能不能給我點(diǎn)兒里面沒有糖的東西？b當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。This is the first twostorey bus that runs in our city.這是第一輛運(yùn)行于我市的雙層公交車。c當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時。Guilin is themost beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游覽過的最美麗的城市。d當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the right等修飾時。This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.這就是媽媽一直在找的那條圍巾。e當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告訴我你在英國見到的人和事嗎？f句子中出現(xiàn)過which或who之類的詞，為了避免重復(fù)，要用that。Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?哪本有圖畫的書值得讀呢？在限制性定語從句中只用which不用that的情況：a先行詞為that, those時，用which，而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那東西是什么？b關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。即時演練1用 that 或 which 填空(2016浙江高考改編)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.(重慶高考改編)Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.(陜西高考改編)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?A shop should keep a stock of those goods which/that sell best.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. This is the family which/that is planning to move to the party. Could you lend me the book which/that you bought yesterday?(2)who 和whom 的用法who 和 whom 指人， who 在從句中可作主語和賓語，whom 在從句中作賓語。There is a girl who wants to see you.有個女孩兒想見你。The old man who/whom you saw yesterday is a thinker.你昨天見到的那位老人是位思想家。(3)whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格。它可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“the名詞of which/whom” 和“of which/whomthe名詞”的形式。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.這就是那位全國知名的科學(xué)家。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。即時演練2(1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空 The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman. The professor who/that/whom you wish to see has gone abroad. This is the woman scientist whose research is known around the world. He lives in a room whose window faces north.(2)對比填空 孔子是影響力最大的一位哲學(xué)家。Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. Confucius is the philosopher of_whom the influence has been the greatest. Confucius is the philosopher the influence of_whom has been the greatest. 2關(guān)系副詞的用法(1)when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語。它的先行詞通常有：time, day, week, year 等。I can not forget the day when I first saw you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。(2)where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有：place, street, house, city, country 以及一些抽象意義的名詞，如 point, case, position, condition, situation。This is the house where they lived a week ago.這是一個星期前他們住過的房子。(3)why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。名師點(diǎn)津(1)這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)：whenon (in, at, during .) whichwherein (at, on .) whichwhyfor which(2)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的 time, day 等或表示地點(diǎn)的 place, house 等時，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用which或that，缺少時間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時，才能用 when 或 where。I still remember the day (which/that) we spent together in the city.我仍然記得我們在那座城市一起度過的那一天。This is the room where (in which) Lao She once lived.這是老舍曾經(jīng)居住過的房間。即時演練3用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空(2016天津高考改編)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.This is the factory where he used to work.Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? She remembers the days when she was a girl. Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected. There are several reasons why we cant do that. 四、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞關(guān)系代詞”是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, through, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom 或 which，不可用 that。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。名師點(diǎn)津像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定動詞短語，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.這就是你在找的那個人。即時演練4(1)用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”填空Wind power is an ancient source of energy to_which we may return in the near future. The newlybuilt caf， the walls of_which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. This is the teacher from_whom Ive learnt a lot. Gun control is a subject about_which Americans have argued for a long time. The policeman with_whom Mr. Henry is talking is a friend of mine. (2)完成句子In my first chemistry class I knew the fact that this kind of colorless gas without_which we cant live is called oxygen. 在我的第一堂化學(xué)課上，我知道了這個事實(shí)：這種無色氣體被稱作氧氣，沒有它我們無法生存。(湖南高考改編)Care of the soul is a gradual process in_which even the small details of life should be considered.心靈的呵護(hù)是一個漸進(jìn)的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中微小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)。.單句語法填空 1(2015浙江高考改編)Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 2(2015陜西高考改編)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 3(2015安徽高考改編)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.4The pencil with which he wrote was broken.5Please pass me the novel whose author is Mo Yan. 6He is the right actor who/whom/that I want to find for my film. 7Italy is a famous city which/that has a lot of great buildings. 8The boys who are playing football are on the playground. 9Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys. 10.He built a telescope through which he could study the stars. .完成句子1(2015重慶高考寫作)Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people_who_sharethe_same_interest through this activity. 其次，通過這次活動，我可以結(jié)識有共同興趣的人。2(2015浙江高考書面表達(dá))Once we were discussing how to help the student who_wasseriously_ill_in_hospital.一次我們正討論如何幫助那個重病住院的學(xué)生。3(2014江西高考書面表達(dá))In senior high school you will study more courses which_aredifferent_from your junior middle school courses. 在高中你將學(xué)習(xí)更多不同于初中的課程。4(2014安徽高考書面表達(dá))You can also share your unhappy things with somebody whom_you_trust and listen to their suggestions. 你也可以與你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且傾聽他們的建議。5This is the first book that_he_has_read. 這是他讀的第一本書。6This is the policeman by_whom_my_son_was_saved. 這正是救了我兒子的警察。7The notebooks on the shelf whose_covers_are_pretty .架子上的那些筆記本的封面很好看。8Mozi believed that all men were equal