2019高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題1閱讀理解考點(diǎn)2推理判斷題素能強(qiáng)化.docx

推理判斷題真題題組A(2017全國，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theaters 75year history. This time，however，the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theaters location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，”he said. “ Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses. ”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 文章大意：本文講述的是擁有75年歷史的廣場劇院在放映完最后一部電影后即將關(guān)閉以及市民對它的不舍之情。In what way was yesterdays cleanup at the Plaza special？ _B_AIt made room for new equipment. BIt signaled the closedown of the theater. CIt was done with the help of the audience. DIt marked the 75th anniversary of the theate. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end”可推斷出，工人們清理垃圾和清除座位及其他劇院設(shè)備是在為劇院的關(guān)閉作準(zhǔn)備。故選B。Why was The Last Picture Show put on？ _D_AIt was an alltime classic. BIt was about the history of the town. CThe audience requested it. DThe theater owner found it suitable. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，劇院的老板親自選定了The Last Picture Show這部電影，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這部電影很適合。原文中的“appropriate”和D選項(xiàng)的“suitable”都表示“合適的”。故選D。What will probably happen to the building？ _C_AIt will be repaired. BIt will be turned into a museum. CIt will be knocked down. DIt will be sold to the city government. 解析：考查推理判斷。第四段最后一句說劇院被賣給了當(dāng)?shù)氐拈_發(fā)公司，該公司計(jì)劃在劇院所在地建綜合購物大樓，因此可推斷出劇院將被推倒拆除。故選C。What can we infer about the audience？ _B_AThey are disappointed with Bradford. BThey are sad to part with the old theater. CThey are supportive of the city officials. DThey are eager to have a shopping center. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building”可知，觀眾含淚觀看最后一部電影，想向劇院告別；再結(jié)合最后一段最后一句“The theater will be missed”可以推斷出觀眾對劇院戀戀不舍，與劇院告別讓他們感到很悲傷。故選B。B(2017全國，C)After years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources(來源) for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence ofwolves，coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes，and completely drove away the parks beavers. As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The US. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。在爭議了幾年之后黃石國家公園終于把灰狼重新引入公園，以保持公園內(nèi)生態(tài)的平衡。What is the text mainly about？ _D_AWildlife research in the United States. BPlant diversity in the Yellowstone area. CThe conflict between farmers and gray wolves. DThe reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 解析：考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文主要談了將灰狼重新引入黃石國家公園的原因以及這一舉措的成效等，故選D。What does the underlined word“ displaced” in paragraph 2 mean？ _C_ATested. BSeparated. CForced out. DTracked down. 解析：考查詞義猜測。由第二段第一句話可知，曾經(jīng)黃石公園里有灰狼，下文提到但后來由于人類的發(fā)展灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意為“被迫離開”，故選C。What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？ _A_ADamage to local ecology. BA decline in the parks income. CPreservation of vegetation. DAn increase in the variety of animals. 解析：考查推理判斷。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的數(shù)量快速增長，消耗了大量的植被，減少了植物種類同時叢林狼的數(shù)量增多，園內(nèi)很多的紅狐被獵殺，而河貍也完全消失了，由此推斷出灰狼的消失對公園內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了損害。故選A。What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ _B_ADoubtful. BPositive. CDisapproving. DUncaring. 解析：考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)第五段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程很有價值，因此他的態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)是積極肯定的。故選B。C(2017北京，C)Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing antivaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected. This is called“ herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，NY. ，where a 17yearold caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions？ Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the lifesaving benefits vaccines provide，but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 文章大意：這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了近年來曾經(jīng)致命且?guī)缀跸Я说穆檎罹硗林貋?。究其原因，是少?shù)人拒絕注射疫苗，導(dǎo)致了自己及其他人的健康受損。作者呼吁人人都應(yīng)該注射麻疹疫苗。The first two paragraphs suggest that _A_. Aa small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendBthe outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionCantivaccine movement has its medical reasonsDinformation about measles spreads quickly解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段中的“The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”可知，少量的麻疹病例卻能引起危險(xiǎn)的趨勢。故選A。Herd immunity works well when _C_. Aexemptions are allowed Bseveral vaccines are used togetherCthe whole neighborhood is involved inDnew regulations are added to the state laws解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in”可知，只有在大家都參加疫苗接種的情況下群體免疫力才有作用。故選C。What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？ _D_AThe overuse of vaccine. BThe lack of medical care. CThe features of measles itself. DThe vaccine optouts of some people. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten”可知，麻疹死灰復(fù)燃的主要原因是一些人不參加疫苗接種。故選D。What is the purpose of the passage？ _C_ATo introduce the idea of exemption. BTo discuss methods to cure measles. CTo stress the importance of vaccination. DTo appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 解析：考查寫作意圖。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Everyone enjoy the lifesaving benefits vaccines provide，but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks”并結(jié)合文中所述的麻疹死灰復(fù)燃的事實(shí)可知，作者的目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)麻疹疫苗接種的重要性。故選C。D(2018浙江，A)In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages；the literacy(識字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors，often with something like “By a lady. ” Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories，literature is a numbers game，and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age，from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one. 文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英國著名作家查爾斯狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英國文學(xué)中的地位的。Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century？ _C_AThey were difficult to understand. BThey were popular among the rich. CThey were seen as nearly worthless. DThey were written mostly by women. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. ”可知，那時多半的小說被認(rèn)為是沒頭沒腦的、有悖道德的或糟糕透頂?shù)?。故C項(xiàng)“它們被認(rèn)為幾乎是沒有價值的”與原文相符。Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress _D_. Ahis reputation in FranceBhis interest in modern artChis success in publicationDhis importance in literature解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. ”可知，把他從英國文學(xué)的名人堂移除就跟盧浮宮廉價出售蒙娜麗莎的感覺一樣，可見狄更斯在英國文學(xué)史上的重要性，由此可推知D項(xiàng)正確。What is the authors purpose in writing the text？ _A_ATo remember a great writer. BTo introduce an English novel. CTo encourage studies on culture. DTo promote values of the Victorian age. 解析：作者意圖題。文章介紹了查爾斯狄更斯在英國文學(xué)中的地位以及他是如何獲此殊榮的，以此來紀(jì)念查爾斯狄更斯這位偉大作家。B、C、D三項(xiàng)以偏概全，B項(xiàng)“介紹一本英國小說”、C項(xiàng)“鼓勵研究文化”以及D項(xiàng)“倡導(dǎo)維多利亞時代的價值觀”，這些都不是作者寫本文的目的。E(2018全國，D)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices，however，we didnt throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution (解決方案)？The teams data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，過時的舊設(shè)備比新設(shè)備要消耗更多的能源，因此從環(huán)保的角度來看，我們應(yīng)及時更新設(shè)備。16What does the author think of new devices？ _A_AThey are environmentfriendly. BThey are no better than the old. CThey cost more to use at home. DThey go out of style quickly. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“. . . these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. ”可知，這些過時的設(shè)備比那些做同樣事情的新設(shè)備消耗更多的能源，也就是說新的設(shè)備更環(huán)保。B、C兩項(xiàng)顛倒是非，新設(shè)備更環(huán)保，所以顯然比舊設(shè)備好，而且新設(shè)備消耗更少的能源，花費(fèi)就更少。D項(xiàng)無中生有，文中沒有提到新設(shè)備很快就過時。17Why did Babbitts team conduct the research？ _D_ATo reduce the cost of minerals. BTo test the life cycle of a product. CTo update consumers on new technology. DTo find out electricity consumption of the devices. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using. . . ”可知，Babbitt和她的同事們進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究的目的是弄清這些設(shè)備的用電量。A、B兩項(xiàng)曲解文意，第二段中的tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device是說開展這項(xiàng)研究所使用的方法是追蹤每個產(chǎn)品從礦產(chǎn)開采到人們停止使用整個周期內(nèi)的環(huán)境成本，而不是說研究目的是“降低礦產(chǎn)成本”和“檢測產(chǎn)品的生命周期”。C項(xiàng)無中生有，文中沒有提到“向消費(fèi)者提供新技術(shù)的最新信息”。18Which of the following uses the least energy？ _B_AThe boxset TV. BThe tablet. CThe LCD TV. DThe desktop computer. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. ”可知，在平板電腦上觀看更多的點(diǎn)播娛樂節(jié)目，而不是看電視和臺式電腦，看平板電腦可以將能耗降低44%，由此可知，平板電腦消耗最少的能源。19What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？ _A_AStop using them. BTake them apart. CUpgrade them. DRecycle them. 解析：推理判斷題。文章通過科學(xué)家的研究表明，過時的舊電子設(shè)備會消耗更多的能源，由此推知，文章建議人們停止使用舊電子設(shè)備。B、C兩項(xiàng)無中生有，文中沒有提到把舊電子設(shè)備拆開，也沒有提到將舊電子設(shè)備升級。D項(xiàng)曲解文意，回收利用電子設(shè)備是人們的常規(guī)做法，并不是文章建議的做法。模擬題組A(2018合肥二模)In todays society，language plays a key role in defining gender(性別) by vocabulary，and also the nonverbal (非語言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women. Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men； this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are，and also have the ability to speak more clearly，precisely，and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting，as opposed to the thirteenminute average it took men to describe it. Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating，which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Mens body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other peoples body space while talking，and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoy