2018年高三英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題1.4Earthquakes詞匯短語(yǔ)含解析.docx

專(zhuān)題1.4 Earthquakes【學(xué)以致用】一、重點(diǎn)詞匯細(xì)解1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆發(fā)n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。但是，唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了?！練w納拓展】burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然起來(lái)burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起來(lái)/唱起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)burst into/in 突然闖入；打斷burst into tears/song/laughter/cheers 突然哭/唱/笑/歡呼起來(lái)burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂(lè)不可支at a(one) burst 一陣；一口氣；一舉；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸發(fā)He looked as if he was about to burst into tears.他看上去馬上就會(huì)淚流滿(mǎn)面。The whole class burst out laughing.全班的人都突然笑了起來(lái)。完成句子（1）Hearing the news，she _(放聲大哭)（2）He _(闖進(jìn)房間)without knocking at the door.2ruin n. 毀壞；毀滅，崩潰(pl.) 廢墟，遺跡v. (使)破產(chǎn)，(使)墮落，毀滅【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中?！練w納拓展】be/lie in ruins 成為廢墟；破敗不堪ruin ones health/fame/friendship 毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)/友誼come/go to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉fall into ruin 成為廢墟；坍塌bring . to ruin 使.毀滅bring ruin upon oneself 自取滅亡ruin oneself 自取滅亡The city is now in ruins.那個(gè)城市現(xiàn)在成了一片廢墟。The storm laid the village in ruins.暴風(fēng)雨使這個(gè)村子成了一片廢墟。一、介詞填空（1）After the war, the city was ruins.（2）His bad management brought his company ruin.（3）After that, the Empire Rome fell ruin.（4）The big storm let the crops go ruin.【答案】（1）in （2）to （3）into （4）to【明辨異同】ruin/destroy/damage/break在表示“破壞”、“損壞”時(shí)，這幾個(gè)詞所表示的破壞程度及含義不同。ruin指嚴(yán)重的以至于不能修復(fù)的“破壞”，但這種破壞不指毀滅某物，而是指長(zhǎng)期損壞的結(jié)果。它也可用來(lái)表示抽象概念。Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水，把桌布弄糟了。 Thefloodsruinedmanypreciouspaintings.這次水災(zāi)毀壞了很多珍貴的畫(huà)。（這里指把畫(huà)泡得模糊不清，而不是弄碎了）。destroy常指徹底的、不能或很難修復(fù)的“破壞”、“毀壞”，程度較深；Theearthquakedestroyedalmosttheentirecity.那次地震幾乎毀滅了整個(gè)城市。也可用于損壞抽象的東西，比如名譽(yù)、計(jì)劃、努力、契約等。Thatwilldestroythereputationofourproducts.那要?dú)Я宋覀儺a(chǎn)品的聲譽(yù)damage程度較小的“破壞”、“損壞”，一般指被破壞的物品可以重新修復(fù)。Thecarwasonlyslightlydamagedintheaccident.這輛車(chē)在事故中只受到輕微的損壞。break是“破壞”、“打破”、“打碎”的意思。它表示的范圍極廣，程度也不一。可用于有形的東西，如石、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于無(wú)形抽象的東西，如法律、沉默、魔力、習(xí)慣等。注意：break既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。Theboyfellfromthetreeandbrokehisleg.這孩子從樹(shù)上跌下來(lái)，跌斷了腿。 Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。 tobreakonesheart使某人心碎 tobreakthelaw違法二、選詞填空ruin，destroy，damage，break（1）Her heart was slightly _as a result of her long illness.（2）His life was _by drink.（3）The earthquake almost _all the bridges in this area.（4）Who theteapot?誰(shuí)打破了這茶壺？3injure vt. 損害，傷害【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬(wàn)。學(xué)%do an injury to sb.傷害某人injury n. 傷，傷口；傷害injured adj. 受傷的，受委屈的the injured傷員an injured look/expression委屈的樣子/表情injured pride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感（1）The boy _ his leg.這個(gè)男孩把腿弄傷了。（2）Your remark may _ her pride.你的話(huà)也許會(huì)傷她的自尊?！久鞅娈愅縲ound/injure/hurt/harm選詞填空：injure，wound，hurt，harm（1）The soldier was _in the arm in the war.（2）She was _slightly in an accident during the work.（3）I was very much_at his words.（4）This bright light will do great _to your eyes.【答案】（1）wounded（2）injured（3）hurt（4）harm【語(yǔ)境助記】The little hero was wounded badly in the battle, and unfortunately,he was also injured in a car accident on his way to hospital,which let him feel hurt deeply.He knew clearly that the war harmed the whole country.那位小英雄在一次戰(zhàn)斗中嚴(yán)重受傷,不幸的是,在他去醫(yī)院的途中又在一起車(chē)禍中受傷,這讓他內(nèi)心深受傷害。他清楚地知道那次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給整個(gè)國(guó)家造成了危害。 A sudden storm destroyed all the crops and did great damage to the houses. Fortunately they were not completely ruined.一場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了所有莊稼,并對(duì)房子造成了巨大破壞。幸運(yùn)的是,房子并沒(méi)有徹底毀掉。4shock n. 打擊；震驚；震動(dòng)；休克vt. 使震驚，使驚愕【教材原句】People were shocked.人們驚呆了?！練w納拓展】a shock令人驚訝的事 (be) a shock to sb. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)打擊shocked adj. 震驚的；驚愕的 shocking adj. 令人氣憤的；令人震驚的be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震驚be shocked to do sth. 懼怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear. 看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)到使某人震驚。（1）The news of his wifes death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息對(duì)他打擊太大了。（2）He _ her smoking.看到她在吸煙，他很吃驚。（3）_ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待孩子，我感到震驚。（4）We are to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver. And the scene three taxi drivers nearby, who saved the officer bravely.5. rescue n.&vt.營(yíng)救;援救【教材原句】Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.一些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在廢墟下面。The rescue workers in the rescue team made ten rescues in a month.營(yíng)救隊(duì)的救援人員一月內(nèi)進(jìn)行了十次救援?！練w納拓展】rescue workers/team救援人員/隊(duì)rescue sb/sth from. 把從(地方)營(yíng)救出來(lái)come/go to ones rescue 援救或幫助某人 【明辨異同】rescue/saverescue多指在緊急情況下迅速有力地?fù)尵?，后常接from，表示“從危險(xiǎn)中救出”save是普通用語(yǔ)，使用范圍比較廣泛，意為“挽救，搭救”。用rescue/save的適當(dāng)形式填空。（1）A lot of troops were sent to the people buried in the ruins.（2）Timely and careful treatment his life.（3）The policeman came to his by sending the lifejacket to the drowning boy.（4）I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.6. trap n.陷阱;困境vt.使陷入困境;卡(夾)住The farmer set a trap to catch the rabbits in the forest.那農(nóng)夫設(shè)下陷阱逮林中的兔子。Twenty miners were still trapped underground.20名礦工仍被困在地下?！練w納總結(jié)】set/lay a trap for 為布好陷阱；為設(shè)下圈套be trapped in/under 被困在fall into a trap 落入圈套 trap sb. into doing sth.誘騙某人做某事be caught in被困在. be lost in 陷入.（1）Hopefully, the guy will （恰好落入我們?cè)O(shè)置的圈套）（2）Having been （困在）the traffic jam, he was late for work.（3）The workers （被困）for several days.（4）They （設(shè)下圈套等著他）and he walked straightinto it. 7bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，將死者掩埋?！練w納拓展】bury sth. 埋葬.；掩埋.bury oneself in (doing) sth. 專(zhuān)心致力于(做)某事bury oneself in study 埋頭研究 be absorbed in 專(zhuān)心于 be lost in 沉溺于；專(zhuān)心于be buried in thoughts 沉思be buried alive 被活埋；隱居句型轉(zhuǎn)換In the evenings he buried himself in his books.In the evenings he his books.【答案】was buried in / was absorbed in / was lost in8judge v. 斷定；判斷；判決n. 裁判員；法官；評(píng)判員【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽(tīng)了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。【歸納拓展】judge sb./sth. to be +n./adj. 判斷.是.judge sb./sth. from/by. 從來(lái)判斷；根據(jù).判斷.judging by/from 從上看，根據(jù)判斷 （該短語(yǔ)為固定表達(dá)，與主句中的主語(yǔ)不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）judge between right and wrong 判斷是非as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為judgement n. 判斷，審判，意見(jiàn)，判斷力in ones judgement 依某人看來(lái)，按某人的看法（1）Dont _ a book _ its cover. 勿以貌取人。（2）_ his accent, he must be a southerner.根據(jù)他的口音判斷，他一定是個(gè)南方人。（3）He _ the best actor of this year.他被評(píng)為今年的最佳男演員。9. frightening adj.令人恐懼的【教材原句】It was a frightening night.那是一個(gè)可怕的夜晚。Its frightening to think of what happened at midnight.想起半夜發(fā)生的事情就令人恐懼不安。The frightening scenes often appear in my mind.那些可怕的場(chǎng)面時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在我的腦海中?！練w納拓展】frightened adj. 受驚的;受恐嚇的 be frightened at/by 因.而害怕/讓.嚇了一跳be frightened to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事be frightened to death嚇得要死be frightened of sth. 害怕某東西 frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬 frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 嚇得某人做/不敢做某事 frighten sb. off/away 把某人嚇跑/嚇走The student is too frightened to say a word before his teacher.那學(xué)生在老師面前嚇得說(shuō)不出話(huà)來(lái)。The frightening news made all of us frightened.那令人恐懼的消息使我們都感到害怕。（1）It is said that the southerners are not frightened snakes.（2）The young man frightened the boy telling the truth.（3）They were frightened the news that their former teacher was killed in the car accident.【語(yǔ)境助記】The frightened look on her face means that she was frightened by his frightening thought.她臉上那受到驚嚇的表情說(shuō)明她被他那可怕的想法嚇壞了10. honour vt. 尊敬;尊重;給(某人)榮譽(yù)n. 尊敬;尊重;榮譽(yù)【教材原句】Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.(P30)下個(gè)月我們市將開(kāi)放一個(gè)新公園,以紀(jì)念在那次可怕的災(zāi)難中死去的人們。We should honour the old and care about the young.我們應(yīng)尊老愛(ài)幼。As a student,he should show honour to his teachers.作為一名學(xué)生,他應(yīng)該尊敬他的老師?！練w納拓展】honour sb (with.) 給某人(的)榮譽(yù)feel honoured to do sth做某事感到榮幸show honour to sb 對(duì)某人表示敬意It is an honour for sb to do sth某人做某事是一種榮譽(yù)in honour of為向表示敬意;為紀(jì)念have the honour to do sth 有幸做某事be honoured for 因受到尊敬for the honour of為了的榮譽(yù)（1）She won a gold medal, so she is （全家人的光榮）.（2）A welcome dinner was given （為了紀(jì)念）the visiting of our friends from America.（3）They stood in silence （以示對(duì)他的敬意）.（4）It was （極大的光榮）to be invited here today.（5）I （感到榮幸）to be invited here today.11. express vt.表達(dá);表示;表露【教材原句】I would like to express my thanks to. 我很想表達(dá)對(duì)的感激。He has expressed his views in many speeches.他已在多次發(fā)言中表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)。He expressed sympathy for the poor.他對(duì)窮人表示同情?！練w納拓展】express oneself 表達(dá)自己的意思express adj.迅速的n.快車(chē);快遞by express 乘快車(chē);用快遞 an express train 特快列車(chē) expression n.表達(dá);表情beyond expression 無(wú)法表達(dá);無(wú)法形容without expression 毫無(wú)表情As soon as he got off the train, he noticed a piece of news, and his that It was something important beyond .【答案】express; expression; expressed; expression二、核心短語(yǔ)回顧1right away立刻，馬上【教材原句】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away設(shè)想你們家開(kāi)始搖晃，你必須馬上離開(kāi)?！練w納拓展】表示“立刻，馬上”的短語(yǔ)without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off比較right away/right nowright away“立刻，馬上”，相當(dāng)于at once, in no time。right now“立即，馬上；此時(shí)此刻”，比now的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于at this very moment。（1）I want it to be sent _.馬上把它發(fā)出去。（2）Hes not in the office _.他現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。2at an end 終止；結(jié)束【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！【歸納拓展】at the end (of) 在的末端/結(jié)束時(shí)(指時(shí)間點(diǎn),不與完成時(shí)連用)in the end終于by the end of到為止(指時(shí)間段,與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)without end無(wú)盡的;無(wú)窮的come to an end完結(jié);結(jié)束put an end to使結(jié)束bring sth to an end使結(jié)束 介詞填空（1） last term, we had learned English for six years.（2） the street stands a very old shop.（3）The marriage of the young couple will be , for neither of them will give in.（4） , the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was .（5）The UN is （結(jié)束）the dispute between the two countries. Im sure the issue （結(jié)束）soon.【答案】（1）By the end of （2）At the end of （3）at an end （4）In the end; at an end （5）to put an end to; will come to an end 3.dig out 挖出;發(fā)現(xiàn)【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.解放軍組成小分隊(duì),將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，將死者掩埋。Some reporters are always trying to dig out the famous peoples personal privacy.有些記者總是想方設(shè)法挖掘名人們的隱私?！練w納拓展】dig for 挖尋dig into 鉆研;調(diào)查dig up 挖起;搜尋出;揭露dig through 挖穿(通)介詞副詞填空（1）The workers were buried in the mine and had to be dug .（2）Look! They are digging treasure in the field.（3）The police are didding the case to find out the truth.（4）As a lournalist, he should be good at digging interesting topics.（5）He will dig the young tree and move it somewhere else. 4. be proud of 為而自豪【教材原句】Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!你的父母和你的學(xué)校應(yīng)該為你而感到驕傲!He was proud of the Olympic gold medal he won for his country.他為給他的國(guó)家贏得的那枚奧運(yùn)金牌感到驕傲?！練w納拓展】be proud to do sth因干某事而自豪pride n. 自豪take pride in(=be proud of)為而自豪with pride=proudly 自豪地;得意地介詞填空（1）She pointed pride to the fine horses she had trained.（2）He takes pride his daughters performance at the party.（3）We are proud our great motherland. 5a (great) number of 許多；大量的【教材原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened