語法篇專題代詞it的用法.ppt

專題三 代詞(it的用法),英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。,附表：,【考點(diǎn)一】考查another, other, others, the other與the others的辨析 another, other, others, the other與the others用法如下表：,【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 If you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay _ $15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 解析：選A。句意為：如果你想換一間雙人房間，你得再付15美元?！癮nother+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示在原有基礎(chǔ)上多出的數(shù)量。other, more也有“再、又”之意，但位置與another不同，應(yīng)使用“數(shù)詞+more/other+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 【考點(diǎn)二】考查some， any， (a) little， (a) few的用法 （1）some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑問句。注意下列特殊情況： some后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為“某一”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于“a certain+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。 在表示請求或邀請的句子中，當(dāng)期望對方給予一個(gè)肯定的答復(fù)時(shí)，通常用some,不用any。 在肯定句中表示“任何，無論哪一個(gè)”，后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式時(shí)，通常用any，不用some。,Any book will do-I just want something to read on the train. 用于肯定的條件句中，意為“什么，一個(gè)(些)”。 He asked me if I had any books in my desk. if any是固定詞組，意為“若有的話”。 （2）few和little可用作代詞和形容詞。few和a few可以修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。few有否定含義, a few有肯定含義, little和a little可以修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。little有否定含義, a little含肯定含義。 Can we do our work better with less money and few people? 【考點(diǎn)三】考查復(fù)合不定代詞 some, any, every, no常與one, body, thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞。這類不定代詞有：something(某事，重要的人或事物), anything(什么事物，任何事物，無論什么事物), nothing(沒有東西，什么也沒有，不重要的人或事)，everything(一切事，最重要的事)，someone=somebody(某/有人，重要的人)，everyone=everybody (每個(gè)人，所有人)，anyone=anybody(任何人，無論誰，重要的人)等。,something, anything, nothing和everything指物，它們在句中作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。somebody, anybody, nobody和everybody用以指人。 它們還與別的詞構(gòu)成很多習(xí)語，如：for nothing(徒勞，免費(fèi))，nothing but(僅僅，只不過)，anything but(根本不，一點(diǎn)也不，絕非)，all but(幾乎，差不多)，everything but(除了之外所有的)。 nothing和nobody/ no one表示全部否定。 不定代詞后跟else時(shí)，表示“另外的，其他的”；形容詞修飾something/anything/nothing時(shí)，應(yīng)置于不定代詞之后。 【考點(diǎn)四】考查both， either， neither， all， any， none的辨析 both, either, neither, all, any, none用法見下表：,【考點(diǎn)五】考查替代詞it(them), one(ones), that(those)的用法,Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present ) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents ) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk. 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.(2008寧夏) A. which B. what C. that D. the one 解析：選C。句意為：在美國說的英語與在英國說的英語略有一點(diǎn)不同。為了避免重復(fù)，要用替代詞代替前面出現(xiàn)的同一事情，但此處English為抽象名詞，也是不可數(shù)名詞，要用that, 而不用the one。the one代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，可與that互換。,【考點(diǎn)六】考查it的用法,【難點(diǎn)】辨析none， nobody， no one， nothing 用nobody, no one, nothing，none完成下列句子 Whats in the box ? _ . Who is in the classroom? _. How many people are there in the park? _. 【解析】nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作簡略答語，一般情況下，nothing回答what問句； nobody和no one回答who問句；none回答how many或how much問句。所以題填Nothing；題填Nobody或 No one；題填None。 注意：none 后面可加of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，而something/anything/everything/nothing; someone/anyone/everyone/no one 卻不能。,1. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say _ for me?(2010福建) A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 解析：選C?？疾椴欢ù~的用法。句意為：當(dāng)你向約翰遜先生引薦我的時(shí)候，請為我說些好話，好嗎？something表示“某事，某物”。everything表示“任何事物，一切”；anything表示“任何事物”；nothing表示“沒有什么”，都不合句意。 2. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on_ .(2010上海) A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 解析：選D?？疾榉瓷泶~的用法。depend on oneself意為“自力更生”。主語為we，因此應(yīng)為ourselves。 3. You are a team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.(2010安徽) A. both B. either C. others D. the other,解析：選C?？疾榇~的用法。句意為：你是一個(gè)有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的人！與別人合作對你來說太容易了。others其他人；the other兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)；both兩個(gè)都；either（兩者之中）任一的。A、B、D三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。 4. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.(2010山東) A. it B. that C. what D. one 解析：選D。考查代詞的用法。句意為：幫助別人是一種習(xí)慣，一個(gè)你在很小時(shí)就能學(xué)會(huì)的習(xí)慣。句中“you can learn even at an early age”是省略了關(guān)系代詞that 的定語從句，that在定語從句中作learn的賓語?？崭裉幣c前句中的habit構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系，one用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的泛指的單數(shù)名詞a habit，避免重復(fù)。 5. _ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. (2010天津) A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something 解析：選B?？疾閺?fù)合不定代詞的用法。句意為：沒有什么能像第一次參觀故宮博物院一樣給我留下如此深刻的印象。從題中so.as.搭配來看，空白處需要否定詞，而A、C、D三項(xiàng)均表示肯定意義。,6. The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. (2010陜西) A. that B. this C. it D. one 解析：選A?？疾榇~的用法。句意為：西安市中心的房租比這個(gè)城市其他地段的房租都貴。所填詞用于比較狀語從句中，指代句子的主語the cost，即指代不可數(shù)名詞，用that。 7. On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. (2010四川) A. him B. his C. me D. mine 解析：選C?？疾榇~的用法。句意為：我桌上有一張我父親在我小時(shí)給我拍的照片。take a photo of sb.意為“給某人照相”，此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格。 8. Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全國) A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 解析：選B?？疾椴欢ù~的用法。neither含有“兩者都不”之意，一方對應(yīng)另一方，應(yīng)用the other指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”。,9. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. (2010重慶) A. neither B. either C. each D. all 解析：選B?？疾榇~的用法。句意為：在戰(zhàn)爭年代他脾性大變，身體也垮了，并且再也沒有恢復(fù)過來。由“his temper and health”可以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，由后面的never表示否定，可知，選either。never either是全部否定，相當(dāng)于neither。 10. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit. (2010江西) A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 解析：選C?？疾椴欢ù~的用法。句意為：游泳是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為保持健康的一種方式，沒有什么比游泳更好的了。“there is nothing like.”意思是“沒有比更好的”。 11. _ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. (2010浙江) A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything,解析：選B?？疾椴欢ù~的用法。句意為：重要的是你正在努力并且朝著正確的方向前行。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，all后加that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，符合語境。 12. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全國) A. this B. that C. one D. it 解析：選D。考查代詞it的用法。句意為：醫(yī)生認(rèn)為度假對你有好處。代詞it用作形式主語，代替后面真正的主語“to have a holiday”。this, that, one都不可用作形式主語。 13. The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country. (2010遼寧) A so B. much C. that D. it 解析：選D?？疾榇~it的用法。句意為：她是外國人這一事實(shí)使她在那個(gè)國家中很難找到一份工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作made的賓語，difficult是賓語補(bǔ)足語，此處要用it作形式賓語。so, much和that均不能作形式賓語。 14. His advertisement income this year is about $36 million, over threes times _ of last year.(2010山東省濟(jì)南市高三第一次模,擬考試) A. that B. what C. those D. ones 解析：選A?？疾榇~的用法。that替代前面的不可數(shù)名詞advertisement income，其他選項(xiàng)均無此用法。 15. This young man is very clever; he may be _ Edison. (2010濰坊市3月高考模擬考試) A. the one B. the other C. another D. one 解析：選C。考查不定代詞的用法。句意為：這年輕人非常聰明；他可能成為又一個(gè)愛迪生。another表示“又一，再一”。the one這個(gè)，表特指；the other表示“(兩者中)另外一個(gè)”；one一個(gè)，表泛指。 16. How do you usually keep in touch with your friends, by email or letter? _. I use telephone only.(2010福建省普通高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查) A. None B. Neither C. Any D. Either 解析：選B。考查不定代詞的用法。分析句子可知，問句是選擇疑問句，并且是在兩者中進(jìn)行選擇。根據(jù)應(yīng)答的后一分句可知，兩,者都不選。 17. When I moved to a new community, I found it different from _ I had stayed in before.(2010合肥市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測) one B. that C. it D. the one 解析：選D。考查代詞的用法。句意為：當(dāng)搬到新社區(qū)時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它與我原來待的那個(gè)社區(qū)不一樣?？瞻滋幒笥幸粋€(gè)去掉關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，故選擇the one。 18. Barack Obamas victory is a historic victory and _ that promised change an