育才學(xué)校通州分校王文珍1.ppt

,The present perfect tense,The present perfect tense,育才學(xué)校通州分校 王文珍,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),1.I have lived in Beijing . 2.He has become a teacher . 3.I have not seen the movie yet . 4.She has not visited your school before .,我一直住在北京。,他已經(jīng)當(dāng)了老師。,我還沒(méi)看這部電影。,她以前沒(méi)去過(guò)你們學(xué)校。,Translate the following sentences,5.Have you ever been to the Forbidden City before ? 6.I have been away from Shanghai for 3 days . 7.He has been to America twice . 8.It has been four years since his father died .,你以前去過(guò)故宮嗎？,我離開上海已經(jīng)3天了。,他去過(guò)美國(guó)兩次。,他父親已去世四年了。,1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 。 Our teacher has left . We have studied English . I have already finished the homework . He has had his lunch . He has become a doctor .,主語(yǔ)+have / has + 過(guò)去分詞+,1. 構(gòu)成,2. 意義,2）某個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始， 一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 還有可能持續(xù)到將來(lái)，動(dòng)作的 持續(xù)性要通過(guò)一段時(shí)間來(lái)表示。,一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有 兩 種: For : + 一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three years,Since ：過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since nine since last week 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, since you came. since you got home.,! :for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間. 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)都用 How long .,1） He has been away since last week .,2）He has been away for one week .,對(duì)下列劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。,練一練 ：,A: _ your brother _ a new watch? (buy ) B: Not yet.,Key words,Has bought,yet,A: _ you ever _ to the park? ( be ) B: Yes, I went there last summer.,Key words,Have been,yet,ever,I _ never _ of anything like that. (hear ),Key words,have heard,yet,ever,never,Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work ),Key words,has worked,yet,ever,never,since,A: How long _ you _ in this school? (teach ) B: For 6 years.,Key words,have taught,yet,ever,never,since,for,_ you _ the Forbidden City (紫禁城) before ? (visit ),Key words,Have visited,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,He _ already _ a job. (find),Key words,has found,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,We _ only _ the first five questions so far. (discuss ),Key words,have discussed,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,Great changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years. (take place ),Key words,have taken place,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,in the past 10 years,He _ a lot of good things in his life. (do ),Key words,has done,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,in the past 10 years,in his life,I _ him recently. (not hear from ),Key words,havent heard from,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,in the past 10 years,in his life,recently,He _ in this city ever since then. (live ),Key words,has lived,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,in the past 10 years,in his life,recently,ever since then,can you distinguish?,can you distinguish?,去過(guò) 常與ever, never, once,twice,連用,在 與時(shí)間段連用 用how long 提問(wèn),去了 說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在 只用于第三人稱,Her sister _ Australia, She left this morning.,has gone to,can you distinguish?,去過(guò) 常與ever, never, once,twice,連用,在 與時(shí)間段連用 用how long 提問(wèn),去了 說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在 只用于第三人稱,A: Where is Bob ? B: He _ Japan with his sister.,has gone to,can you distinguish?,去過(guò) 常與ever, never, once,twice,連用,在 與時(shí)間段連用 用how long 提問(wèn),去了 說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在 只用于第三人稱,A: I havent seen you for a long time. Where _ you _? B: I _ the United States.,have been to,have been,can you distinguish?,去過(guò) 常與ever, never, once,twice,連用,在 與時(shí)間段連用 用how long 提問(wèn),去了 說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在 只用于第三人稱,A: How long _ you _ China? B: I _ here for 3 years.,have been,have been in,can you distinguish?,去過(guò) 常與ever, never, once,twice,連用,在 與時(shí)間段連用 用how long 提問(wèn),去了 說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在 只用于第三人稱,A: _ you ever _ the city ? B: No , never .,Have been to,can you distinguish?,去過(guò) 常與ever, never, once,twice,連用,在 與時(shí)間段連用 用how long 提問(wèn),去了 說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在 只用于第三人稱,We _ Germany many times in the past 3 years.,have been to,have been (to)和have gone (to)以及have been (in)的區(qū)別：,have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地, 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能 不在那里, 已經(jīng)回來(lái). 側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。,have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地, 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人 在那里，或可能在路上, 反正不在這里。,have / has been (in) 表示“來(lái)/去某地(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)”, 現(xiàn)在仍在 那兒，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。,He has been to Beijing (twice). 他曾去過(guò)北京(兩次). He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京. He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 他已經(jīng)來(lái)/去北京三個(gè) 周了。,1.我們買這本書三年了.,We have had the book for three years .,2.他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,We bought the book three years ago .,He caught a cold three days ago.,一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成 同意句,3.自從上星期我借的這本書,I have kept the book since last week.,4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.,I have been a student for over two years.,I borrowed the book last week.,I became a student two years ago.,5.Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,總結(jié)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較,1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào) 動(dòng)作, 不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在 的影響, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的影響。,2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與包括現(xiàn)在的 在內(nèi)的時(shí)間連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。, 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。, 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once， before, already, recently，lately等。, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in the past/last five years, already 等不確定的 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,Practise:Put the following sentences into English. A: 火車已經(jīng)開走了. B: 什么時(shí)候開走的? A: 半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開走的. A: 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的. A: 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎? B: 看過(guò). A: 什么時(shí)候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.,A: The train has left.,B: When did it leave.,A: It left half an hour ago.,A: Ive had the book for two years. B: Where did you buy it? A: I bought it in my hometown.,A: have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it? B: I saw it last Sunday.,The past tense or the present perfect tense,know,have known,knew,The past tense or the present perfect tense,saw,have,lost,The past tense or the present perfect tense,have,did,move,lived,The past tense or the present perfect tense,did,has finished,see,saw,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.,1. 直接用 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy catch(get) a cold borrow Come/go /become put on ,2. 轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+名詞 join the army Join the Party go to school ,have,have a cold,keep,be,wear,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3. 轉(zhuǎn)換成 be + 形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave be away fall sleep be asleep close be closed,4. 轉(zhuǎn)換成 be + 介詞短語(yǔ) go to school be in school join the army be in the army,be dead,be over,be on,總結(jié)：延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)歷;瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與時(shí)段連用,He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷) I have come here for two years. She has bought the bike for half a year. Have you borrowed the book for three weeks?,2) 用于till / until 從句的差異： 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示“做直到 為止”, 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示“直到才”。,He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。 I didnt go to bed until mother returned. 我直到媽媽回來(lái)才睡覺(jué). They will wait for her until she comes back.她們將會(huì)等到她回來(lái).,Exercises,1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A havent you B have you C do you D dont you 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ her parents. A has B do C did D have 3. I have watched the game. -When _ you _ it? A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch,B,D,C,4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live 5. His grandma _ for two years. A died B has been dead C was dead D has died,6. Where is Han Mei now? - She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A has gone B has been C goes D had gone 7. -_you_ to the United States ? - No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago.,8. You havent changed your mind,_? A do you B are you C have you D did you,B,B,A,C,C,A Has been B Hasgone C Havebeen D Havegone,9. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A been on B been at C joined D played 10. -Where have you _ these days? - I have _ to Dazhu with my friends. A been,gone B been,been Cgone,been Dgone,gone 11. How long have you _ this book? A bought B borrowed C had D lent 12. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? - Yes, I _ it last night. A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have,saw 13. He has never ridden a horse before, _? A is he B isnt C hasnt D has he,A,B,C,D,D,用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。 1.A:Do you want a pen ? B:No, I dont . I _ _ (buy) one . 2.How long _ you _ (study)in this school ? 3.A:Where is your mother ? B:She _ (go) shopping . 4.My uncle _ (teach)here since he came here . 5.Li Lei _ already _ (give)the nuts to Polly . 6.Miss Gao _ (teach) English very well . 7.Listen ! Someone _ (knock) at the door . 8.My father _ (go)to Beijing . He isnt at home . 9.Mother said she _ (take)me to my Uncles the next Sund