高中英語句子成分分析1.ppt

句子的構成,句子成分,主語 subject 謂語 predicate 賓語 object 表語 predicative 賓補 complement 定語 attribute 狀語 adverbial 同位語 appositive,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主語, 謂 語, 定語, 賓 語, 同位語, 狀 語,主語,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,主語: 可以作主語的成分有名詞, 主格代詞,動詞不定式, 動名詞等等。主語一般在句首。,名詞,主格代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式,動名詞,the + 形容詞,句子,謂語,謂語: 簡單謂語由動詞或動詞詞組構成, 一般在主語之后。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 復合謂語 由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞; He can speak English well. She has finished the homework.,1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. Who knows the answer? 6. He has refused to help them. 7. He enjoys reading. 8. He said “Good morning.“,I like my job. I love you.,He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. He asked where he was.,（三）賓語,賓語：動作的接受者，一般在謂語后面,賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人. He gave me some books., 間接 賓語, 直接 賓語,Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers.,(四)賓語補足語,賓語補足語: 位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you hear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,形容詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語,副詞,名詞,(五)定語,He is a clever boy. They are building a stone bridge. There are 54 students in our class. Do you known Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.,(形容詞),(名詞),(數(shù)詞),(名詞的所有格),(動名詞),(現(xiàn)在分詞),(過去分詞),(副詞),The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.,（六）狀語,用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動詞,介詞短語或句子.可表示時間,地點,原因,結果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train.,I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.,He went. He went there. He went there yesterday. He went there to see his mother yesterday. He went there to see his mother by bike yesterday.,（七）表語,在系動詞后的部分就是表語 常見的系動詞有: Be動詞 (am, is, are) 感官系動詞 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 變化系動詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 狀態(tài)系動詞 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.,The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. The apple tastes good.,八、同位語,同位語 當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在 同等位置時, 一個句子成分用來說明和解釋 另一個句子成分, 這個句子成分就叫做它的 同位語。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語, 都是指同一批“學生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位語, 都指同樣的“我們”),句子分類,簡單句,復合句,并列復合句,主從復合句,有兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用連詞連接而成。 如：and, but, or, so等,定語從句,狀語從句,名詞性從句,由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子.eg:,Tom and Mike are American boys.,She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和從句構成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結構。,五大基本句型,一: (主謂) 二: (主系表) 三: (主謂賓) 四: (主謂間賓直賓) 五: (主謂賓賓補),基本句型 一:(主謂),謂語:不及物動詞(vi.)沒有賓語, 形成主謂結構。,如: We come.,(不及物動詞),1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly,基本句型二：(是系動詞) (表語),1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red.,基本句型 三: (主謂賓),此句型的特點是：謂語動詞都是及物動詞,必須 跟有一個賓語, 即動作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。,(及物動詞)(賓語),1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.” 5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken.,基本句型 四: (主謂間賓直賓),有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個賓語通常一個 指人(間接賓語); 一個指物(直接賓語)。,-Give me a cup of tea please. -Give a cup of tea to me please.,give sb sth= give sth to sb,(及物)(多指人)(多指物),She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine.,基本句型 五: (主謂賓賓補),此句型的特點是: 動詞雖然是及物動詞, 但是只跟一個 賓語還不能表達完整的意思, 必須加上一個補充成分 來補足賓語, 才能使意思完整。,賓語補足語: 位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。 可以用作賓語補足語的有名詞, 形容詞, 不定式, 動名詞, 分詞, 介詞短語等。,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.,名詞,形容詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,動名詞, (及物) (賓語) (賓補),1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus.,a. b. c. d. e. ,1. Pleas tell us a story. _ 2. She smiled. _ 3. His job is to train swimmers. _ 4. He noticed a man enter the room. _ 5. Please look at the picture. _,d,a,b,e,c,Exercises:分析句子結構,You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.,劃分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be Upstairs at dusk (when the window was open). 4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering Clouds held me entirely in their power.,主語,謂語,間賓,定語,直接賓語,原因狀語,主語,謂語,賓語,狀語,一) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表語 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon they all became interested in the subject.,(三) 挑出下列句中的定語 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was try