《土木工程管理》PPT課件.ppt

1 The basic information about the earth （地球的基本知識） 2 Rock（巖石） 3 Soils formation and soils engineering properties （土的形成和土的工程性質） 4 Geological structure（地質構造） 5 Groundwater（地下水） 6 The analyses of engineering geology problems （工程地質問題分析） 7 Engineering investigation(工程勘察),The main topics of engineering geology 工程地質課程的主要內容,Introduction 緒 論,1 the definition of civil engineering geology 土木工程地質的基本概念 2 The position of engineering geology in the civil engineering course system( 工程地質在土木學科體系中的位置) 3 the main substance about engineering geology (工程地質學研究的具體內容) 4 the importance of GE(學習意義) 5 Demands(requirements)（要求）,The main topics in introduction 緒論中的主要內容,the definition of engineering geology （工程地質學的基本概念）,(1) Engineering geology is about applying all branches of the geosciences(地質學) to assure the safety, efficiency, and economy of engineering and environmental projects.,（2）Engineering Geology is devoted to the investigation（勘察）, study and solution of the engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works and activities of man as well as to the prediction and the development of measures for prevention or mediation of geological hazards（地質災害）,(3) Which are mainly concerned with the geological problems encountered in civil engineering. Its main tasks is to investigate and evaluate the geological engineering problems , provide the basic information for the plan ,design and construction of the civil engineering.,2 The position of engineering geology in the civil engineering course system( 工程地質在土木學科體系中的位置,Core course（基礎課程） Differential and integral algebra probability and statistics engineering math PhysicsChemical Technological core course（專業(yè)基礎課程） Surveying engineering mapping materialssurveying, engineering（工程測量） engineering geology(工程地質) soil(rock)mechanics（巖土力學） theoretical mechanics material mechanics structure mechanics elastic or plastic（彈塑性） hydrolic mechanics（水力學）,Specialized course（專業(yè)課程） concrete structure（砌體結構 steel structure（鋼結構） road engineering （道路工程） the design of road survey （道路勘測設計）,bridge engineering(橋梁工程) traffic engineering( 交通工程) foundation engineering(基礎工程) construction technology(building )施工技術 engineering management and budget estimation engineering bidding rehabilitation (building、brigde、road)（工程招投標）,3 the main substance about engineering geology (工程地質學研究的具體內容),The purpose of studying GE is to provide good geological environment for engineering or to evaluate and forecast the engineering geological problems that may occurred in the period of the service time（服務期） of the building. on this base, to give the effective engineering prevention methods., the study about topography and landforms （地形地貌） the study about the fundamental engineering properties(physical and mechanics) of soils and rock(巖土工程性質） geological structure（地質構造）,Geological Environment (Geological Condition) 地質環(huán)境和地質條件的含義,4 the importance of GE(學習意義), hydrogeology(水文地質：地下水條件) the analyses of engineering geological problems （工程地質問題分析） the engineering investigation（工程勘察）,5 Demands(requirements)（要求）,1 to master the basic concept about EG 2 to comprehend the main geological problems occurred in engineering. knowing that how the problems happened ,how can we prevent it. 3 class discipline 4 finish the homework on time,Chapter 1 The basic information of earth 第一章 地球的基本知識,SECTION 1-1 Inner structure of earth 第一節(jié) 地球的內部結構,The Crust(地殼),軟流圈,巖石圈,上地慢,有關巖石圈 (lithosphere),Structure of the Earths crust and top most layer of the upper mantle（上地慢）. The lithosphere （巖石圈） consists of the oceanic crust, continental crust, and uppermost mantle. Beneath the lithosphereis the asthenosphere（軟流圈）. This layer, which is also part of the upper mantle, extends to a depth of about 200 kilometers. Sedimentary deposits are commonly found at the boundaries between the continental and oceanic crust.,This region lies under the crust and is approximately 2900km thick. The mantle is much denser than the crust (which is why the crust floats on top) and has a texture much like tar. The rock in this region is rich in compounds made from iron, magnesium, and silicon which accounts for why it is denser than the crust.,The Mantle（地幔）,This region is divided into two parts. The outer part is called the Outer Core. It is about 2100km thick and made of liquid nickel and iron. The inner part is called the Inner Core and it is the real centre of the Earth. This part is about 2800km in diameter and is made of solid iron and nickel.,The Core:,SECTION 1-2 Plate Structure Theory 第二節(jié) 板塊構造理論,1 Pacific Plate(太平洋板塊) 2 North American Plate（北美板塊） 3 South American Plate （南美板塊） 4 Eurasian Plate（歐亞板塊） 5 African Plate（非洲板塊） 6 Indo Australian Plate（澳印板塊） 7 Antarctic Plate（南極州板塊）,1 Pacific Plate 2 North American Plate 3 South American Plate 4 Eurasian Plate 5 African Plate 6 Indo Australian Plate 7 Antarctic Plate,板塊構造理論,板塊的形成（大陸漂移）,海底擴張理論 （Theory of Ocean Floor Spreading）,海底擴張的證據(jù)（沉積物的年齡）,海底擴張的結果（喜馬拉雅山的形成）,海溝的形成,巖石循環(huán)的概念,SECTION 1-3 :The concept of Geological Action（function） 第三節(jié) 地質作用的概念,2 The classification of the Geo. Action （地質作用分類） (1) outer-dynamics geological action(外動力地質作用) dynamic source is from the sun , gravity, attraction force between sun and moon. Weathering（風化作用） the Rock is destroyed at the place where it was formed because of the outer dynamics . Erosion（剝蝕作用） Rock body 巖體 is separated from its mother rock （母巖）because of the water, wind, glacier., Carrying(搬運作用) the process that rock is carried from one place to anther place. Because of Sedimentation（沉積作用） the process in which the carrying materials sink to the bottom of ground when the power of gravity of the materials is bigger th