2010年高考春節(jié)集訓班語法1.pptVIP

2010年寒假 高考春節(jié)集訓班-語法,2010-2-13,自我介紹,優(yōu)能中學教育學習中心主管韓穎,喜歡語法,I would rather have had one breath of her hair,one kiss of her mouth, one touch of her hand than an eternity without it.,語法結構：would rather than,我寧愿用她發(fā)絲的一縷香氣，她嘴唇的一個親吻，她手臂的一 次觸摸來換取沒有這一切的永恒，只要一次。,rather than = instead of,衍生：would rather have done,other than =expect,rather than vs other than,rather than：而不是（萬能插入語） I am the best teacher. I, rather than anyone else, am, rather than was, the best teacher, rather than the worst one.,rather than vs other than,other than:除了 I, other than anyone else, am the best teacher. No one, other than I, is the best teacher. 中國正在面臨非常嚴重的。問題。,We are captives of our own identities, living in the prisons of our own creation,我們都是自己身份的囚徒，活在自己創(chuàng)造的監(jiān)獄里,非謂語動詞,我過去是個學生，但是現(xiàn)在我講課。 am being was having been I, having been a student, give classes. 我過去不是學生，但是現(xiàn)在我講課。 I, not having been a student, give classes. 汝非魚，安知魚之樂乎？,非謂語動詞,你自己不是魚。 You are not a fish yourself. 你怎么能知道魚的歡樂呢？ How can you know the happiness of a fish？ How can you, not being a fish yourself, know the happiness of a fish?,語法的應用,改錯,Culture refers to the social heritage of a peoplethe learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these pattems in material things _,including,閱讀長難句,Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. . 找主謂賓-去枝去葉法 枝：定語從句、非謂語動詞作狀語 葉：形容詞，冠詞，代詞，數(shù)詞及介詞詞組,寫作,我們絕對不能忽視知識的價值。 On no account can we ignore the great value of knowledge. (倒裝句) 直到我們做了多年朋友，才明白我的眼淚不是為你而流也為別人而流 Not until we make friends for many years did I realize my tears not only for you but for others,學習要求,學習內容,3種從句,Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight. A. ozone is formed in the atmosphere from B. ozone is formed in the atmosphere when C. ozone is formed in the atmosphere, and when D. ozone, formed in the atmosphere when,謂語中心化原則： 一句一謂語，連詞雙謂語,名詞性從句的考點,名詞性從句的考點,位置判斷法,從句識別： 1. 主語從句： 2. 賓語從句: 3. 表語從句: 4. 同位語從句:,主語從句,如何識別: 1. 連詞+句子+謂V. That we must treat animals as well as possible is very important, because they are very delicious.,2. It+謂V.+連詞+句子 It is very important that we must treat animals as well as possible,賓語從句,如何識別: S.+謂V.+連詞+句子 例句: My English teacher said that to learn English is another way to know the world.,表語從句,如何識別： S.+L.V.+連詞+句子 例句: That is why we learn English,同位語從句,如何識別 抽象名詞+連詞+句子 例句: The news that Chinese team wins the match reached him.,名詞性從句的考點,名詞性從句的考點,成分判斷法,1）that：無意義，不做成分 that 省略的問題，除賓語從句外其他從句不可省 I think （that） you like music. 特例：A. 賓語從句中如果是主從復合句，that不省 Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a very beautiful bike. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if B. 賓語從句中連詞后的that不能省 He said that he was young and that he couldnt carry the heavy box.,高考真題,（2007年湖南，28） Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off ，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where,成分判斷法,2) whether/ if 是否， 不做成分 區(qū)別：if只能用于賓語從句 A. 除賓語從句外，if不能用 B. whether 能跟or not 連用，if不能 C.介詞后引導的賓語從句，if不能 D.和to do 不定式結合，if不能 She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.,高考真題,（2006江蘇，35） We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that,成分判斷法,3). 特殊疑問詞， 有意義，做成分 特殊疑問代詞： what, who, whose , which-做主，賓語 特殊疑問副詞： when, where, why, how-做狀語 I dont know _ I should do. I dont know _ I should do it.,高考真題,（2007全國2，17） _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which （2004湖南，24） I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how,成分判斷法,高考真題,（2004上海，37） After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how （2007上海，39） _he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader . A. Which B. What C. Whether D. Where,名詞性從句的考點,名詞性從句的考點,語序判斷,語序陳述語序 As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ to see him A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come,高考真題,（2005福建，26） Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday? A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got,定語從句,分類 限制性定語從句 This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。 非限制性定語從句 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。,他是一個玉樹臨風，人間人愛，花見花開，車見車爆胎,鳥見鳥呆，風靡萬千少女，挽救無數(shù)失足少年，一枝梨花壓海棠中國十大杰出青年 。,He is a boy who is very brilliant.,2. 作用,定語從句,定語從句,He is a boy who is very brilliant.,近年定語從句的考點,關系詞的分類 關系代詞: 人：who(m), that, whose, as 物: which, that ,whose, as 關系副詞：when, where, why,關系詞的選擇,關系詞的選擇,關系代詞： 在句子中充當主語，賓語成分 關系副詞： 在句子中充當狀語成分,關系代詞的選擇,考點1、：限制性定語從句必須用that的情況 1. 先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing，someone等。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，用that。 e.g. This is the best movie (that) Ive ever seen,關系代詞的選擇,3.先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行詞同時指人和指物時，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.,關系代詞的選擇,考點2. whose+n=“ of +which+n.”型 e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,高考真題,（2006福建，22） Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that （2008陜西，13） The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which,關系代詞的選擇,考點3、as的混淆 The same / such+先行詞+as He is such a great man _ we all respect him. He is such a great man _ we all respect.,that,as,關系副詞的取代,關系副詞=介詞+which This is the city _ I lived two years ago.,where,in which,關系代詞前介詞的確定,1. 根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系， e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配， e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure. 3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣， e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,高考真題,（2008重慶，21） They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when （2007重慶，30） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which,關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇,看從句的謂語動詞 及物動詞（后無賓語）：選擇關系代詞 不及物動詞：選擇關系副詞 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days that I spent in the college.,高考真題,(2005 上海) If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop . A. that B. which C. when D. where (2006 江西) Do you have anything to say for yourselves？ -Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. /,表地點和時間的先行詞模糊化,（2008江西，35） Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which （2008安徽，26） All the neighbors admire this family _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that,（2007江西，21） After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where （2007陜西，20） Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly A. which B. as C. why D. where,同位語和定語從句的區(qū)別,成分法 看看that做不做成分 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important,-不做成分，同位語從句,-做成分，定語從句,同位語和定語從句的區(qū)別,特殊疑問詞-when，where I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when she will be back I am ashamed when I lied to my mom. 時間的名詞+when-定語從句 非時間的名詞+when-同位語從句 無時間名詞+when-狀語從句,高考真題,（2008年陜西，8） Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where （2008山東，26） Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when,狀語從句,狀語從句,狀語從句連詞排行榜,時間狀語從句的連詞,1. 基本類：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, 等 2. 名詞類（由名詞詞組充當引導詞）： the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, etc.,時間狀語從句的連詞,3. 副詞類（由副詞充當引導詞）： immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.) e.g. I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work. 4.句型類：no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely when, etc. (一就) .Scarcely had he gone when she appeared. 注意:用于句首時應引起部分倒裝, 且前部分一般用過去完成時,while用法的歸納,作并列連詞，意為“然而，卻”，表對比 He likes football while his brother likes basketball. 2. 引導時間狀語從句 While he was doing his homework, his mother came in. .引導讓步狀語從句，表“雖然，盡管”，置于句首 While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 引導條件狀語從句，表“只要” Ill do everything for you while you are happy.,高考真題,2004廣西，35 I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as （2004天津，32） It was evening_ we reached the little town of winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before,It will be +一段時間+before 多久之后才 It will be half a year before I come back. It is+一段時間+since 自從以來已經(jīng)有時間了 It is three years since the war broke out It is not until+時間+that 直到才 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.,高考真題,（2006福建，25） -How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon. A. when B. until C. that D. before （2007安徽，21） The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when,高考真題,（2006福建，25） -How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon. A. when B. until C. that D. before （2007安徽，21） The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when,條件狀語從句的連詞,if, unless（= if not）, as long as (=so long as只要) , in case (that) (以防萬一;如果 ), on condition that(條件是,在的條件下 ), if only(要是.多好 ), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假設 ) . 注意：在if, unless, as long as等引導的條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,高考真題,2005安徽，22 You must keep on working in the evening _ you are sure you can finish the task in time. A. as B. if C. when D. unless （2008全國1, 31） -Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? -I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that,讓步狀語從句的連詞,though, although, even if, even though as (雖然,盡管), as引導讓步狀語從句時從句部分語序要部分倒裝n./adj./adv./v +as +主語謂語 Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages. Child as he was, he had to support the family. （表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞） wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether.（無論） Despite, in spite of the fact that,高考真題,2005遼寧，34 There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was on only child. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as,結果狀語從句的連詞,sothat 與suchthat 區(qū)別： so +adj. +a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that such +a/an +adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that such +adj. +復數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that so +many/much/few/little+名詞+that such +a lot of/lots of +名詞+that,高考真題,2006陜西，9 His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as,原因狀語從句的連詞,because since as for（并列連詞） now that in that seeing that consider that for the reason that,高考真題,2006北京，34 He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or,比較狀語從句的連詞,as.as(和一樣), not as/soas(不如), than(比), the morethe more(越越). It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. A. as art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as,as 用法的歸納,可引導定語從句 As is known to all, China is a great country. 可引導時間狀語從句,表 “一邊 ,一邊” She cried as she got off the bus. 可引導原因狀語從句,表 “因為” We shall not go to the park as it is raining. 可引導讓步狀語從句,表 “雖然,盡管” 可引導方式狀語從句,表 “按照” Do as you are told to. 可引導比較狀語從句, 表 “和一樣” He answers as quickly as his sister does.,高考真題,2006廣東，26 Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_ this was a memory she especially treasured. A. as B. if C. when D. where,狀語從句,狀語從句,高考真題,（2008北京，29） No decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. had been made （2006湖北，32） I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked,狀語從句,狀語從句,狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象,Once _seen, the film can never be forgotten. If _invited, I will go to the party. She stood at the school gate as if _waiting for someone. When _necessary, I will buy a TV set. If _ possible, youd better come tomorrow.,(it is ),(I am),(she was),(it is ),(it is),高考真題,2006 浙江，5 When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 2005 全國I，18 Wile watching television， _. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings,動詞,時態(tài)問題,三步法（數(shù)軸法）： 1. 確定時間 2. 確定動作狀態(tài) 3.確定語態(tài),現(xiàn)在,過去,一般將來時,過去完成時,現(xiàn)在完成時,高考真題,（2008年安徽，22） -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did . You know, my brother _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played （2006年湖南，24） I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I_ to half a dozen other groups. A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given,高考真題,2007全國2，20 -Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? -I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 2006安徽，25 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_. A. went ; was occurring B. went ;occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred,時態(tài),一般式-經(jīng)常習慣發(fā)生的動作 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常習慣發(fā)生的動作 I have 3 meals a day 過去：過去經(jīng)常習慣發(fā)生的動作 I had 4 meals a day 特例：可以表將來 If it rains tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting.,主將從現(xiàn),主將從現(xiàn)-主過將從過-? 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作，例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park,高考真題,（2008北京，29） No decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. had been made （2006湖北，32） I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked,一般將來時,will do be going to be to be about to He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。,be going to / will的用法區(qū)別： be going to do 表示有計劃，打算 will do 表示無計劃，無打算 A. I will leave this company. B. I am going to leave this company.,be to和be going to 的用法區(qū)別 be to :表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事 be going to : 表示主觀的打算或計劃。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排),進行時態(tài),1. 正在發(fā)生： We are waiting for you. 2. 習慣進行： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 3. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。,進行時態(tài),-I s the baby still crying? -No, it _. A. stopped B. has stopped,完成時態(tài),1. 現(xiàn)在完成時: have done -|-|- 過去 現(xiàn)在 1). 謂語動詞-延續(xù)性動詞 時間狀語-時間段 2). 謂語動詞- 瞬間性動詞 時間狀語-時間點,一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時,相親記,姐妹A： Did you have a blind date?,姐妹B： Have you had a blind date?,旅游記,It is my first time that I have been in the hometown of Confucius,It is high time that the society empowered the woman,完成時態(tài),2、過去完成時的用法 過去的過去 -|-|-|- 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 1. 時間狀語: before, by, since + 過去時間 2. 時間參照：另外一個過去的動作 When I clutched belt, the roller coaster had set out.,3.虛擬:表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,情態(tài)動詞的考點,情態(tài)動詞解題技巧,三步法： 1. 確定時間： 現(xiàn)在 情態(tài)動詞+do 過去 情態(tài)動詞+have done 2. 確定虛擬or推測： 虛擬：無可能做成 推測： 有可能做成 3.確定虛擬的情態(tài)動詞 should，could，neednt, might,高考真題,2008江蘇，35 Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. -Forget it . I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. should t have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted 2007 江西，27 -Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. -You _ in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put,情態(tài)動詞的考點,表推測,肯定推測： mustwillwouldshould/oughtcouldmay might 否定推測： cantcouldntwontwouldntmay notmight not * must 用于肯定，can用于否定句 *can 可以用在肯定句中,高考真題,2008福建，24 It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 2007福建，25 My MP4 player isnt in my beg. When _ I put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would,2008,全國2，17 Liza _ well not want to go on the trip- she hates traveling. A. will C. can C. must D. may 2007,全國1，27 -Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? -I t _ be ,but it is now polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must,表虛擬,1、 should (not) have done 本應該或本不應該做某事， 表責備或后悔 2、could (not) have done 本能夠或本不能夠做某事 3、neednt have dong 本沒必要做某事 4、might(not) have done 本可以做某事,高考真題,2008江西，26 What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 2006江西，24 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I_ trouble to carry my umbrella with me .