Chapter5代詞(final).ppt

代詞,PRONOUNS,代 詞 概 說,代詞的分類 兼作代詞和限定詞的詞,代詞的分類,人稱代詞 物主代詞 反身代詞 相互代詞 指示代詞,疑問代詞（略） 連接代詞（略） 關系代詞（略） 不定代詞,人稱代詞的形式,物主代詞的形式,人稱代詞用法補充,兩個以上的人稱代詞并用時： 單數：按2、3、1人稱排列 復數：按1、2、3人稱排列 表示不祥之事、承認錯誤或自我批評時，說話人一般把自己放在他人之前 人稱代詞在數、格上的前后一致,You, Tom and I are leaving tonight. We, you and they should go there together. I and Allen broke the window. Let _ promise not to quarrel about such an unimportant matter any more. A. you and I B. I and you C. yours and me D. you and me,人稱代詞 it 的用法補充 強調句型中的 it 作形式主語的 it It + v. + 其他 + 作形式賓語的 it 主語+ +it +其他+,to do doing 從句,take, find make, believe think, consider,to do that,It is I that / who love you. It is me that / whom he loves. It is wrong to tell a lie. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. It is uncertain who will come. She found it difficult to convince him. I took it for granted that he knew me.,it,Use pronouns clearly!,Tom wrote to Joe while he was on vacation. While Tom was on vacation, he wrote to Joe. While Joe was on vacation, Tom wrote to him.,He likes you better than me. He likes you better than I.,He likes you better than (he likes) me.,He likes you better than I (like you).,His house is larger than I.,反身代詞和相互代詞,反身代詞的形式： 單數：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself 復數：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 相互代詞：each other, one another e.g. People should love one another.,反身代詞的用法, 主語與賓語為同一人時，賓語須用反身代詞 Dont overwork yourself. They ought to be ashamed of themselves. 加強語氣、表示強調 I myself used to make the same mistake. Youd better go there yourselves. 含有反身代詞的慣用語（PP90-91） I havent been myself for weeks. Now Im quite myself.,含有反身代詞的慣用語補充,The door opened of itself. Thats a good idea in itself. He wished to have a room to himself. Poor Jane has been almost beside herself with toothache. She thought to herself, “I must study hard”. He busied himself (in) tidying up his desk. enjoy oneself, dress oneself (in), devote oneself to, apply oneself to, come to oneself ,（自動，自行）,（得要命、發(fā)狂）,（本質上）,（獨自享用）,（心中想）,指 示 代 詞,指示代詞的形式： 第一類：this, that, these, those 第二類（其他指示代詞）：so, such, the same,第一類指示代詞的基本用法,主語 These are our children, David and Maria. 賓語/介詞賓語 What do you think of this? Take these to your mother. 偶爾作表語 The winning numbers are these.,第一類指示代詞的其他用法（P94-95）,that與those通常用以代替前面所提過的名詞，以避免重復（但this和these不可以） 可數名詞單數或不可數名詞：that 可數名詞復數：those The population of China is larger than that of India. The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.,第一類指示代詞的其他用法,This 或 that可用來回指上文提到的事情，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用 this。如： I did not go. This / That made him very angry. I want to know this: Is she beautiful?,第一類指示代詞的其他用法,this = the latter, that = the former Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. (this = wealth; that = health) those who = people who God helps those who help themselves.,第二類指示代詞的用法,- It looks like rain. - I hope so. I may have offended, but such was not my intention. His parents believed that he was a clever boy, but he wasnt such in fact. The same might be said of this problem.,在think, believe, suppose, guess, hope后的so，指代前面提過的that從句 (I dont think so. / I hope not.),指示代詞such指代前面提過的短語或從句,指示代詞the same指代與前面提過的同樣的事物,不 定 代 詞,兩類不定代詞的形式 由body, one, thing構成的合成代詞，如somebody, nothing, 兼作代詞和限定詞的詞，如all, another, both,合成不定代詞用法1,基本用法見p.107 something, anything, nothing, everything something和anything的區(qū)別與some 和any的區(qū)別一樣；修飾這幾個詞的adj.應后置,合成不定代詞用法-2,somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody 這些詞都看作單數，后面跟單數名詞；指代它們的代詞常用he, he/she, they (口語) If anybody is listening, I hope he will say so. Nobody came, didnt they?,someone, anyone, no one, everyone 上述詞只能指人，而分寫的some one, any one, every one 既可指人，也可指物 The racoon（浣熊）ate every one of the ears of corn.,合成不定代詞用法-3,合寫 VS. 分寫 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone之后不可接of短語，如果要接，必須采用分寫的any one, every one等。 I dont know any one of them. No one之后不可接of短語，如果要接，用none. None of them can see me.,合成不定代詞用法-4,合成不定代詞的習慣用語,He is something of a musician. He is anything but polite. Its nothing but an ordinary watch. Mr. Smith is an engineer or something.,(有幾分）,(只是）,(根本不),（之類）,兼作代詞和限定詞的詞,some, any, no many, much, few, little all, each, none both, either, neither other, another one, several,every VS.each-1,every 用于三個（以上）“每一個”；each 用于兩個（以上）“每一個” each hand VS. every finger every 強調整體，each 強調個體。 Every student in our school works hard. Each student may have one book.,當前面有 nearly 或 almost 修飾時，多用every Nearly every student works hard. Every可以用于下列表示頻率的詞組中，each 則不能 every other day every three weeks/every third week,every VS.each-2,every 在句中只作定語，each 可充當定語、主語、賓語和同位語。 Every / Each room is clean and tidy. Each went his way. The teacher had a talk with each of them. They each gave him some advice.,every VS.each-3,否定詞 not 不與 each 連用，但可以與 every 連用，表示部分否定 Not every student goes to school by bus.,every VS.each-4,all / both; either / any; neither / none,all VS. both,all 既可指復數，也可指單數，指人時一般都用復數，指事或整個事物時用單數。both 則只能指復數。 Both /All are present. All I know is that he just came back from America. all和both與否定詞連用，都表示部分否定 Not all men can be masters. Both of us are not teachers.,no one VS. none-1,no one只能指人，none可用于指人或物。 no onenobody，語氣比none強，后面不接of構成的短語；none通常與of連用作主語,no one VS. none-2,no one作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；none后接不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；后接復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞單復數均可。 No one was in the classroom. None of the money on the desk is mine. None of us speaks / speak Japanese.,用于簡短回答時，none用來回答how many或how much問句；no one或nobody用來回答who問句；而nothing則用來回答what問句: How many fish did you catch? None. How much water is there in the bottle? None. Who will go to the party? No one. / Nobody. Whats in your hand? Nothing.,one 的用法-1,不定代詞one可用來泛指“人們”、“任何人”，所有格形式為ones (英) 或 his (美)； One cant make an omelet without breaking eggs. 有所得必有所失。 One should take care of ones / his health.,one可用來代替上文出現過的同種類單數可數名詞；其復數形式為ones，可用來代替上文出現過的同種類復數可數名詞； A good writer is one who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. I dont know whe