中考英語命題研究第二部分語法專題突破篇專題二代詞習題.docx

專題二 代詞,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 考綱要求1.人稱代詞 2.物主代詞 3.反身代詞 4.指示代詞 5.不定代詞(some，any，no)6.疑問代詞考查點年份題號考查角度選項設(shè)置分值人稱、物主與反身代詞201627人稱代詞賓格her/him/you/me1分201527形容詞性物主代詞my/her/his/your1分201427名詞性物主代詞we/us/our/ours1分201327名詞性物主代詞I/me/my/mine1分54反身代詞itself/myself/himself/yourself1分201227反身代詞himself/herself/yourself/myself1分不定代詞201453復合不定代詞nobody/everybody/somebody/anybody1分201330復合不定代詞something/anything/nothing/everything1分指示代詞201429指示代詞oneit/one/this/that1分201234指示代詞itit/one/this/that1分 分析河北近5年中考真題可以看出代詞是河北中考近5年的必考點。在單項選擇中每年均會設(shè)置兩道試題，其中必有一道人稱代詞或物主代詞的考查，另外一道輪流考查不定代詞和指示代詞。不定代詞的考查點偏向指物的不定代詞something/nothing/anything/everything的考查，也會涉及普通不定代詞both/none/neither/either的考查。另外，完形填空中也會涉及不定代詞的辨析。對人稱代詞與物主代詞的考查可以分為以下幾種情況：(1)物主代詞：考查的四個選項設(shè)置均為同一人稱的不同形式，且偏向第一人稱和第三人稱，注重形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞與人稱代詞的混合辨析。做此類題時，學生應(yīng)首先判斷句中所缺成分和人稱，若其后緊跟名詞，則為形容詞性物主代詞；若其后無名詞，而是緊跟介詞of或與名詞詞組并列，則為名詞性物主代詞。(2)人稱代詞：主要考查賓格形式，位于介詞后或固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：introduce sb.to sb.(把某人介紹給某人)。(3)反身代詞和指示代詞：重點在于基本的詞義辨析。另外，完形填空中也會涉及代詞的辨析，學生應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文判斷所指人稱或所指事物的類別。詞語運用偶爾也會涉及人稱代詞與物主代詞的運用。預(yù)測2017年河北中考的單項選擇題會考查一道人稱代詞與物主代詞的辨析和一道不定代詞的辨析。,河北中考重難點突破代詞人稱代詞主格(I，you，she等)賓格(me，you，her等)物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞(my，your等)名詞性物主代詞(mine，yours等)反身代詞(myself，yourself，themselves等)指示代詞(this，that，these，those等)相互代詞(each other和one another)疑問代詞(構(gòu)成特殊疑問句：who，what等)不定代詞普通不定代詞(some，any，few等)復合不定代詞(anyone，nothing等)連接代詞(引導賓語從句：who，what等)關(guān)系代詞(引導定語從句：who，whose等) 人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞【滿分點撥】一、人稱代詞 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分，主格在句中作主語和表語；賓格作動詞或介詞的賓語，也可作表語。人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格的變化如下： 人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimsheheritittheythem二、物主代詞 物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞一般用于名詞前修飾名詞；而名詞性物主代詞本身就具有名詞的性質(zhì)，相當于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”。如：This is my red schoolbag.This red schoolbag is mine.這個紅色的書包是我的。物主代詞具體分類如下： 人稱數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)形式mymine復數(shù)形式ourours第二人稱單數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ouryours復數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ouryours第三人稱單數(shù)形式hishisherhersitsits復數(shù)形式theirtheirs三、反身代詞1反身代詞的單復數(shù)形式表格如下： 數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱myself我自己ourselves我們自己第二人稱yourself你自己yourselves你們自己第三人稱himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves他們自己她們自己它們自己 2.反身代詞的用法I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作賓語)The children made model planes themselves.(作同位語)That poor boy was myself.(作表語) 3反身代詞的常用詞組teach oneself自學learn by oneself自學enjoy oneself過得愉快；玩得高興help oneself to隨便吃/用come to oneself蘇醒hurt oneself受傷by oneself獨自【考點搶測】一、單項選擇( D )1.(2016路南區(qū)質(zhì)檢一)Is this _ ruler?No._ is over there.Aher；Her Bhers；HersChers；Her Dher；Hers( D )2.(2016石家莊9年級質(zhì)檢一)She believes she can do the work _Ashe BherChers Dherself( B )3.(2016路北區(qū)9年級二模)Are these DVDs_？No.they are not mine.They belong to _.Ayour；her Byours；herCyou；hers Dyours；she( D )4.(2016邯鄲升學模擬二)Could you give _ some bread，mom？I am hungry.Amy Bmine CI Dme( C )5.(2016橋西區(qū)中考模擬)Li Ming showed _ some pictures that were taken in Sanya.Ashe BhersCme Dmine二、連詞成句1(2016橋西區(qū)中考模擬)we，Mr.King，is，strict，with_Mr.King_is_strict_with_us_2(2016邯鄲升學二模)at all，her，like，doesnt，physics_She_doesnt_like_physics_at_all_3(2016路北區(qū)二模)I，time，abroad，go，is this，to，first_This_is_my_first_time_to_go_abroad_4(2016路南區(qū)升學質(zhì)檢一)home，is，father，at，he_Is_his_father_at_home_？5(2016石家莊42中模擬)daddy，I，exam，English，passed，the_My_daddy_passed_the_English_exam_ 不定代詞【滿分點撥】 不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，兼有名詞和形容詞的功能，在句子中主要用作主語、賓語、表語或定語。不定代詞分為普通不定代詞和復合不定代詞。一、普通不定代詞1初中階段常見的普通不定代詞如下表： some，anyfew，littleother，anothermany，mucheither，neithereach，everyboth，allnone，one 2.?？嫉膸捉M易混不定代詞辨析some與any 用法例句some用于肯定句或表示請求的疑問句中。Tom has some story books.Would you like some milk？any一般用于疑問句或否定句中。Are there any apples on the tree?There arent any buses. both，either與neither 用法例句both表示“兩者都”。Toms parents are both doctors.either表示“兩者中的任何一個”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Either of the books is interesting.neither表示“兩者都不”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither of his friends has come yet. all，any與none 相同點均用于三個或三個以上的人或物不同點all指“三個或三個以上的人或物”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，其反義詞為noneany指“三個或三個以上的人或物中的任意一個”，只能作定語none指“三個或三個以上的人或物中沒有一個(全否定)”，相當于not any 注意：(1)no one用來指人，不能接of短語，當它作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)none不僅指人也可以指物，其后常跟of短語。none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數(shù)均可。如：None of the information is correct.信息都不正確。None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.戰(zhàn)士們都不怕困難few，a few和little，a little如：The problem is too difficult.Few students can work it out.這道題太難了。沒幾個學生能做出來。She says little but does much.她說得少，做得多。each與every 不定代詞用法及意義例句each指兩者或兩者以上的人或事物中的每一個；意為“每個，各自的”，強調(diào)個體。There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一邊都有樹和花。every強調(diào)整體，表示“每個都”；指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一個。Every student has read a poem.每個學生都讀了一首詩。二、復合不定代詞復合不定代詞一直是河北中考的?？键c，學生對此要熟練掌握。常見的復合不定代詞如下： somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(沒有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)no one(沒有人)everyone(每人)something(某事)anything(任何事)nothing(沒有東西)everything(每一件事) 1.由some構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞一般用于肯定句中，也可用于建議或請求的疑問句中，表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答。2由any構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞通常用于否定句和疑問句中。3復合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語和表語，不能作定語。作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。4當形容詞或else(另外)修飾復合不定代詞時，形容詞或else必須放在復合不定代詞的后面?！究键c搶測】( A )1.(2016石家莊42中模擬)How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind，but _ is so good to me as Bruce.Anone BnothingCeveryone Danyone( A )2.(2016路北區(qū)一模)Good morning，boys and girls！Is _ here?Yes，Miss Brown.Aeveryone BanyoneCnobody Dsomebody( C )3.(2016河北升學四模)We have collected many leaves to make a fire，but theyre still not enough.So we should get _ for that.Afewer BsomeCmore Dmany( D )4.(2016河北升學二模)Now，_ is here.Lets begin our meeting.Anobody BsomebodyCanybody Deverybody( C )5.(2016新華區(qū)中考模擬)_ is difficult to the man who will try.AAnything BEverythingCNothing DSomething( B )6.(2015石家莊41中模擬)How did you get the MP4，from a shop or by TV?_I always like shopping online.ANone BNeitherCBoth DAll( A )7.(2015石家莊28中模擬)You dont have a drink.Can I get you _？Asomething BanythingCnothing Deverything( A )8.Do you think _ of the students can take part in the Marathon Skating?Certainly they can.In fact，they make good use of _ skating lesson.Aeach；every Bevery；eachCeach；all Devery；every( A )9.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever _ of them feels hurt.Aeither Bboth Cneither Dall( A )10._ is waiting for you at the gate.He wants to say thanks to you.ASomebody BAnybodyCEverybody DNobody 指示代詞和疑問代詞【滿分點撥】一、指示代詞1指示代詞的分類 代詞用法例句it特指上下文提到的對象是同一事物。The book is mine.Its very interesting.one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個，同類而不同一。Who has a novel named TinyTimes?I have one.that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.this常用來指代離自己較近的人或物。This is my friend. 2.it的常見用法it可替代動詞不定式作句中的形式主語或賓語，也可用于某些固定句型中。(1)用作形式主語，常用于下列句型中：Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.Its important for us to work hard.對我們來說努力工作是重要的。Its time to do/for/thatIts time to get up.到起床的時間了。Its time for lunch/that we go home.到吃午飯的時候了。/到回家的時間了。It seems thatIt seems that he is quite happy.他看起來似乎很高興。Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to sing.現(xiàn)在輪到你唱了。Itsadj.that從句It is necessary that we students do some reading every day.我們學生每天讀書是必要的。(2)作形式賓語Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line？你認為學會排隊是必要的嗎？I found it important to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學好英語很重要。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。二、疑問代詞 疑問代詞主要用法例句who作主語、表語、賓語(作賓語時在口語中不能放在介詞后)。Who wants to go with me？whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語。To whom are you talking？whosewho的所有格形式，作表語、定語。Whose book is this？what/whowhat詢問某人的職業(yè)。Whats your father?He is a worker.who詢問某人的身份、姓名。Who is the boy under the tree?He is Li Ming.what/whichwhat指不定數(shù)目中的“哪一個，哪些；什么”，沒有一定范圍的限定。What would you like？which“哪一個，哪一些”，指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物。Which one do you like best？ 相對于疑問代詞而言，初中階段還有兩個疑問副詞經(jīng)常在考試中出現(xiàn)，學生也應(yīng)該重點掌握，第一個是how，通常表示方式。另一個是where，表示地點?！究键c搶測】( D )1.(2016石家莊18縣市大聯(lián)考)The apple on the table is much bigger than _ on the floor.Ait BoneCthis Dthat( B )2.(2015滄州14中模擬)She is very friendly，and _ is why we all like her.Athis BthatCthese Dthose( A )3.(2016石家莊28中模擬)The old man didnt tell us his age.We dont know _Ahow old he is Bwhat his job isCwhere he is from Dwhy he is happy( D )4.(2016邯鄲升學模擬)Did you know _ yesterday?No，I didnt know the reason.Ahow he arrived Bwhat he didCwhere he went Dwhy he left( B )5._ is time for us to have classes.AOne BItCThem DThis( A )6.Harry Potter is such an interesting book that lots of teenagers like to read _Ait BthisCthat Done( D )7.My friend has a lot of comic books.I want to have _，too.Athis BitCthey Done( D )8._ would you like to choose to live in，Chengdu，Beijing or Shanghai?Chengdu，I think.AHow BWhatCWhen DWhich( B )9._ are they?They are Chopsticks Brothers who sing the song Little Apple.AWhat BWhoCHow DWhere( C )10.(2016河北三模)What did your teacher say just now?He asked me _Ahow could I work it outBwhen did I go to the libraryChow I got ready for the examDwhy I am late for school,河北中考考點精練一、單項選擇( A )1.(2016濱州中考)Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again，will you?No，I wont.I know that_of us are perfect after all.Anone BneitherCeach Dall( C )2.(2016呼和浩特中考)There is no salt left.Jim，would you like to get_？OK，mom!Ait BoneCsome Dany( B )3.(2016阜康中考)Old Mr.Black lives happily with his three dogs._of them are parts of his family.ABoth BAllCNone DNeither( C )4.(2016黔南中考)Ive been so bored for a long time.I hope to have_to do.Aexciting anything Bnothing excitingCsomething interestingDgood something( A )5.(2016重慶中考)Im sorry I know_about it.Its a secret between them.Anothing BsomethingCanything Deverything( A )6.(2016黔東南中考)I feel a little hungry，mom.There are some pieces of bread on the plate.You can take_Aone BitCthis DThat( C )7.(2016株洲中考改編)The twins are in different classes.One is in Class One and_is in Class Two.Aanother BOtherCthe other Dothers( C )8.(2016武漢中考)Therere four bedrooms in the house_with its own shower.Thats what I want.Ive got a few kids.Aeither BneitherCeach Dnone( A )9.(2016齊齊哈爾中考)Please lend_English book to_Ayour；me Byou；meCyou；I Dyour；I( B )10.(2016淮安中考)Tomorrow is our teachers birthday and we are going to give_a big surprise.Ahis Bhim Che Dhimself( B )11.(2016濟南中考)Dave，where is Mr.Black?I saw_in the classroom ten minutes ago.Ahe Bhim Cshe Dher( C )12.(2016荊門中考)Do you know who taught_French?Nobody.He learned it by_Ahis；himself Bhim；himChim；himself Dhis；him(