蘋(píng)果，鮮食葡萄和梨年度報(bào)告中英對(duì)照、英漢互譯、外文翻譯.doc

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯系 別： 經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易系 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易 班 級(jí)： xxxxxxx 姓 名： xxxxxxxx 學(xué) 號(hào)： xxxxxxx 外文出處: chile-fresh deciduous fruit 附 件： 1. 原文； 2. 譯文 chile - fresh deciduous fruit annual - october 2010 - usdaapple, table grape and pear annual report executive summary:new estimates show that production of table grapes and pears will be lower than previously estimated in my2010 (jan-dec2010), but output of apple increased when compared to both the previous season and previous estimates. for the coming year, although it is too early for a forecast, only a small production expansion of grapes is expected.the industry forecasts a small reduction of fresh apple and pear production, as weather has not been favorable in some growing areas. for table grape production, although weather has been behaving erratically during the last few weeks and predictions call for a colder than usual spring weather and rain during the summer months a small increase in output is expected. no major changes are expected for apple juice production.commodities:production:total output in 2010 was larger than previously estimated, in spite of a delay in the start of the harvesting season and adverse weather conditions during the spring of cy2009. for 2011, although it is still early to predict production volume, chiles apple harvest is forecasted to be slightly smaller than this years harvest, as weather conditions during this last winter months (jun-aug. 2010) has been colder with frost in some growing areas. although, as a result of the cold weather, more than sufficient cold hours have accumulated with a positive effect on budding and this will increase production, but freezing weather in some areas will affect output for a large number of apple varieties. the net effect is expected to lower output when compared to last years production, as was reported by an industry source.as producers have been diversifying their orchards, during the last decade, by planting new and more productive varieties,i.e., fuji, gala, jonathan, braeburn, pink lady and galaxies in replacement for the traditional varieties, such as red delicious and its variations (i.e., richard red, starking, etc) and increasing density of their orchards, output in the coming years is expected to keep expanding. red apple varieties constitute over 75 percent of total planting and output. the main green variety is granny smith, which is used both for fresh export (mainly to europe and the united states) as well as for concentrated apple juice production.crop area:although some growers, mainly in regions vii (curico-talca) and viii (chillan), continue to replace and increase their planting densities, farmers have been uprooting old orchards. however, in general, the total planted area is on hold due to a significant fall in economic returns observed during the last few years. a strong peso coupled with increased labor costs has been reducing the competitiveness of the labor-intensive fruit industry in chile and has put a hold on the planted area after a continuous growth in the past. the exchange rate for the peso fell again during the last few months from 520 chilean pesos to 495 pesos to the dollar. other factors, like increasing energy costs are also affecting the industry. consequently, industry sources have indicated that increases of new plantings and significant production increases in the coming years are not expected.consumption:there are no official statistics on domestic fresh apple consumption. the figures shown in the ps&d table are estimated as a residual of production, minus an estimate of apples destined for processing and the known export figure.trade:apples, freshfile promoted by: acg | amstonthe industry forecasts a small expansion of apples as weather has been favorable during last winter months, but output of table grapes will decrease slightly. production of pears is also expected to fall again.a strong export demand for apples resulted in an increase of volume exported in my2010 when compared to both, the previous year and our last estimates. economic returns increased also during 2010 as prices obtained for the exported apples increased slightly when compared to the previous year as was indicated by an industry source.production:although the weather has been behaving erratically during the last few weeks and predictions call for a colder than usual spring weather and rain during the summer months, table grape production is expected to increase almost 6 percent when compared to the previous season when output fell significantly also due to adverse weather conditions observed during the spring of 2009 (sep-nov 2009). sufficient cold hours accumulated during last winter (jun-aug 2010) will assure an increase in production and harvest in the coming season. chile produces over 36 varieties of table grapes for export. thompson seedless and flame seedless account for the bulk of production. varieties like red globe, superior seedless, crimson and autumn royal have increased significantly in the last few years, as most of the replanting has been with these varieties. table grapes are planted from region iii (copiapo) to region vii (curico-talca).crop areaindustry sources agree that new additional plantings are not likely for the next few years as economic returns have been affected by increasing costs and falling prices for table grapes. additionally, the revaluation of the chilean peso against the dollar has not being helping the fresh fruit export industry in general, as their cost are in pesos and the income is in dollars.consumption:as with other chilean fresh fruits, domestically consumed table grapes are mainly export rejects. there are no official statistics on domestic consumption. domestic fresh consumption is derived from the only known figure, which is exports, and estimated production data. domestic consumption generally accounts for about 10 percent of total output, while processing accounts for another 30 percent.trade:table grape export volumes fell in 2010 as a result of a smaller production. over 50 percent of total exports go to the us,growing almost 10 percent in 2010 when compared to the previous year, mainly due to more favorable dollar value when compared to the euro. nevertheless, the eu remained as the second export market. for 2010 a smaller production is expected. as a result exports are expected to fall accordingly. as in the past, table grapes are being imported during the off-season.production:chiles production of apple juice concentrate (ajc) primarily reflects foreign demand and apple for processing availability.although the apple juice industry mainly processes export rejects. although, the ajc industry has encouraged farmers the production of sour-type apples, as well as to expand new plantings of apple varieties mainly for juice purposes, it still processes almost only export rejects. the apple juice industry competes with the pulp and dried apple industry for the apples left from the fresh exported process.consumption:limited amounts of ajc, principally single-strength juice, are consumed domestically. ajc competes with a variety of fresh and processed juices in chile.trade:the united states is chiles largest ajc export market, accounting for 60 percent of total export sales. other markets of increasing importance are japan, mexico and canada. latin american export markets also are growing fast. levels of ajc exports will depend upon foreign demand and the ability of the industry to compete in international markets against other suppliers such as china. 智利 - 新鮮落葉果樹(shù)年 - 2010年10月 - usda 蘋(píng)果，鮮食葡萄和梨年度報(bào)告內(nèi)容提要：新的估計(jì)表明，鮮食葡萄和梨的產(chǎn)量將低于原先估計(jì)my2010（1月dec2010），但蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)量的增加相比，上個(gè)賽季和以前的估計(jì)。在未來(lái)一年，雖然這是一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)為時(shí)尚早，只有一小擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)的葡萄是expected.the行業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)，減少新鮮的蘋(píng)果和梨的生產(chǎn)，如天氣不算好，在一些種植區(qū)。鮮食葡萄生產(chǎn)，雖然天氣已經(jīng)在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)星期不正常的行為和預(yù)測(cè)調(diào)用一個(gè)寒冷的一個(gè)小的產(chǎn)量增加，預(yù)計(jì)在暑假期間比平常春天的天氣和雨水。預(yù)計(jì)蘋(píng)果汁生產(chǎn)沒(méi)有大的變化。商品制作：在2010年的總產(chǎn)出大于以前的估計(jì)，盡管在收獲季節(jié)和惡劣天氣條件下在cy2009的春天開(kāi)始的延遲。 2011年，智利的蘋(píng)果收成，但它仍然是早期預(yù)測(cè)生產(chǎn)量，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)略小于今年的收成，天氣狀況在去年冬天個(gè)月（6至8月2010年）已經(jīng)在一些成長(zhǎng)與霜冷地區(qū)。雖然，因天氣寒冷，更多的比足夠的寒冷小時(shí)，已經(jīng)積累了萌芽產(chǎn)生積極的影響，這將增加生產(chǎn)，但在一些地區(qū)的冰凍天氣將影響輸出了大量的蘋(píng)果品種。的凈效應(yīng)，預(yù)計(jì)到較低的輸出相比，去年的產(chǎn)量，報(bào)道了一位業(yè)內(nèi)人士。生產(chǎn)商多樣化的果園，在過(guò)去的十年中，通過(guò)種植新的和更富有成效的品種，例如，富士，嘎拉，喬納森，布瑞本，粉紅女士和星系的替代傳統(tǒng)品種，如蛇果及其變化（例如，理查德紅，紅星等）和自己的果園密度的增加，在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)輸出有望不斷擴(kuò)大。紅蘋(píng)果品種構(gòu)成的75以上的總種植和輸出。的主要的綠色品種是澳洲青蘋(píng)，使用新鮮的出口（主要是歐洲和美國(guó)）以及濃縮蘋(píng)果汁生產(chǎn)。作物種植面積：雖然一些種植戶(hù)，主要集中在區(qū)域vii（庫(kù)里科，塔爾卡）和viii（奇廉），繼續(xù)更換和增加種植密度，農(nóng)民被連根拔起老果園。然而，在一般情況下，總種植面積是保留由于到一個(gè)顯著下降，在過(guò)去的幾年里觀察到的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的比索，加上勞動(dòng)力成本增加，已減少在智利的勞動(dòng)密集的水果產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，經(jīng)過(guò)持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng)，在過(guò)去的種植面積已暫停。在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里對(duì)比索的匯率再次下跌，從520智利的比索至495比索兌換1美元。其他因素，如不斷增長(zhǎng)的能源成本影響的行業(yè)。因此，業(yè)內(nèi)人士表示，新的種植和顯著的產(chǎn)量的增加，在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)預(yù)計(jì)不會(huì)增加。消耗：在國(guó)內(nèi)新鮮蘋(píng)果消費(fèi)有沒(méi)有官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。 psd表中所示的數(shù)字估計(jì)作為殘余的生產(chǎn)，減去估計(jì)處理和公知的出口數(shù)字運(yùn)往蘋(píng)果。貿(mào)易：業(yè)內(nèi)人士預(yù)測(cè)，一個(gè)小蘋(píng)果擴(kuò)張的天氣已經(jīng)在去年的冬季有利的，但鮮食葡萄產(chǎn)量將略有下降。梨生產(chǎn)時(shí)相比，以前的一年，我們最后估計(jì)也導(dǎo)致蘋(píng)果在my2010出口量同比增長(zhǎng)again.a強(qiáng)勁的出口需求預(yù)計(jì)將下降。經(jīng)濟(jì)收益增加，在2010年獲得