二級(jí)斜齒輪減速器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì).doc

I摘要齒輪傳動(dòng)是現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣的一種傳動(dòng)形式。它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：瞬時(shí)傳動(dòng)比恒定、工作平穩(wěn)、傳動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確可靠可傳遞空間任意兩軸之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力；適用的功率和速度范圍廣；傳動(dòng)效率高，=0.92-0.98；工作可靠、使用壽命長(zhǎng)；外輪廓尺寸小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。由齒輪、軸、軸承及箱體組成的齒輪減速器,用于原動(dòng)機(jī)和工作機(jī)或執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)之間,起匹配轉(zhuǎn)速和傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用,在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。國(guó)內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動(dòng)、蝸桿傳動(dòng)為主，但普遍存在著功率與重量比小，或者傳動(dòng)比大而機(jī)械效率過(guò)低的問(wèn)題。另外，材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn)，特別是大型的減速器問(wèn)題更突出，使用壽命不長(zhǎng)。國(guó)外的減速器，以德國(guó)、丹麥和日本處于領(lǐng)先地位，特別在材料和制造工藝方面占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，減速器工作可靠性好，使用壽命長(zhǎng)。但其傳動(dòng)形式仍以定軸齒輪傳動(dòng)為主，體積和重量問(wèn)題，也未解決好。當(dāng)今的減速器是向著大功率、大傳動(dòng)比、小體積、高機(jī)械效率以及使用壽命長(zhǎng)的方向發(fā)展。減速器與電動(dòng)機(jī)的連體結(jié)構(gòu)，也是大力開(kāi)拓的形式，并已生產(chǎn)多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式和多種功率型號(hào)的產(chǎn)品。近十幾年來(lái),由于近代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得機(jī)械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，從而推動(dòng)了機(jī)械傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品的多樣化，整機(jī)配套的模塊化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，以及造型設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)化，使產(chǎn)品更加精致，美觀化。針對(duì)減速器存在的問(wèn)題，本課題采用優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的方法，力求使減速器的體積達(dá)到最小，建立數(shù)學(xué)模型，并通過(guò)matlab語(yǔ)言編輯后，得到一組優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)，到達(dá)預(yù)期目標(biāo)，使減速器的體積比傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果減小20%-30%。并對(duì)輸出軸做了機(jī)械加工工藝分析。關(guān)鍵字：減速器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)齒輪機(jī)械傳動(dòng)IIAbstractWheelgearsspreadingtomoveisathemostwidekindoftheapplicationspreadstomoveaforminthemodernmachine.ItsmainadvantageBE:Thespreadstomovetosettle,workthaninamomentsteady,spreadtomoveaccuratecredibility,candeliverspacearbitrarilysportandthemotiveoftheoftwostalks；Powerandspeedscopeappliesarewide；spreadstomoveanefficiencyhigh,=0.92-0.98；workisdependable,servicelifelong；Outlinesizeoutsidetheissmall,structuretightlypacked.Thewheelgearconstitutedtofromwheelgear,stalk,bearingsandboxbodydeceleratesamachine,usedingforprimemoverandworkmachineorperformanceorganizationof,havealreadymatchedtoturnsoonanddeliverafunctionofturning,theapplicationisextremelyextensiveinthemodernmachine.Localdecelerationmachinemuchwiththewheelgearspreadtomove,thepolespreadtomoveforlord,butwidespreadexistpowerandweightratiosmall,orspreadtomoveratiobigbutthemachineefficiencyleadalowproblem.Therearealsomanyweaknessesonmaterialqualityandcraftlevelmoreover,theespeciallylargedecelerationmachinesproblemismoreoutstanding,theservicelifeisntlong.Thedecelerationmachineofabroad,withGermany,DenmarkandJapanbeplacedintoleadaposition,occupyingadvantageinthematerialandthemanufacturingcraftspecially,deceleratingthemachineworkcredibilitylike,servicelifelong.Butitspreadstomoveaformtostilltakesettlingstalkwheelgeartospreadtomoveaslord,physicalvolumeandweightproblem,dontalsoresolvelikeThedirectionwhichdeceleratesamachinetoisthefacingbigpowerandspreadtomoveratio,smallphysicalvolume,highmachineefficiencyandservicelifetogrowgreatlynowadaysdevelops.Deceleratingtheconnectingofmachineandelectricmotorbodystructureisalsotheformwhichexpandsstrongly,andhavealreadyproducedvariousstructureformsandvariousproductsofpowermodelnumbers.Beclosetotenseveralinthelastyearses,controlatechnicaldevelopmentbecauseofthemoderncalculatortechniqueandthenumber,makethemachineprocessaccuracy,processanefficiencytoraiseconsumedly,pushedamachinetospreadthediversificationofmovablepropertyarticlethus,themoldpieceofthewholemachinekitturns,IIIstandardizing,andshapedesigntheartturn,makingproductmorefine,thebeautyturns.Forthereducerproblem,theissueofoptimaldesignapproachinefforttominimizethesizereducer,madethemathematicalmodel,andeditedbymatlablanguage,getasetofoptimaldatatoreachthetarget,sothatthevolumereducerexperiencethanthetraditionaldesignresultswasreducedby20%-30%.Andtheoutputshaftofthemachiningprocessofdoing.Keywords：Reductiongear、Optimaldesign、gear、mechanicaldrive1目錄摘要.IAbstract.II緒論.21優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì).31.1原始數(shù)據(jù)及優(yōu)化目標(biāo).31.2優(yōu)化方案的選擇.31.3數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立.41.4算法的選取與建立.71.5matlab語(yǔ)言程序編輯.92軸承和傳動(dòng)軸的設(shè)計(jì).132.1.軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).132.2軸的強(qiáng)度校核.153鍵、聯(lián)軸器和電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算.203.1鍵的選擇計(jì)算.203.2聯(lián)軸器設(shè)計(jì).203.3電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇.214箱體結(jié)構(gòu)及其附件的設(shè)計(jì).224.1箱體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì).224.2附件設(shè)計(jì).224