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1、USEFUL WEB SITESU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FreedomCar and Vehicle TechnologiesHydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure TechnologiesBiomassAlternative Fuels Data Center Clean CitiesTransportation Fact of the Week Fuel EconomyHybrid Electric and Fuel Cel

2、l Vehicle Program Power Technologies Energy Data Book Buildings Energy Data BookHydrogen Data BookEnergy Information Administration OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYCenter for Transportation Analysis Transportation Energy Data Book Biomass Energy Data BookARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORYGREET ModelFEDERAL GO

3、VERNMENT - FEDSTATS USA.GOV - GOVERNMENT MADE EASYU.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSU.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSU.S. CENSUS BUREAUVehicle Inventory and Use SurveyU.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Economic AnalysisU.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Bureau of Transportation StatisticsCommodity Flow Su

4、rvey Program National Transportation Library Omnibus Monthly Survey TranStatsFederal Aviation Administration Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Highway Policy Information Nationwide Household Travel SurveyFederal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit

5、 Administration Maritime AdministrationNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration Research and Innovative Technology Administration The Volpe CenterU.S. Coast GuardU.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Air and RadiationOffice of Air Quality Planning and StandardsOffice of Transportation

6、 and Air Q /vehiclesandfuels /hydrogenandfuelcells /biomass /afdc /cleancities /vehiclesandfuels/facts /vehiclesandfuels/hev/ www

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9、 /oar /oar//otaqMore Useful Web Sites on inside back coverORNL-6984(Edition 28 of ORNL-5198)Center for Tr

10、ansportation Analysis Energy and Transportation Science DivisionTRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 28Stacy C. Davis Susan W. DiegelOak Ridge National LaboratoryRobert G. BoundyRoltek, Inc.2009Prepared for theOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyU.S. Department of EnergyPrepared by t

11、heOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6073 Managed byUT-BATTELLE, LLCfor theU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 28can be found on line at:/dataThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored

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17、stem (INIS) representatives from the following source:Office of Scientific and Technical InformationP.O. Box 62Oak Ridge, TN 37831Telephone: 865-576-8401Fax: 865-576-5728E-mail: Web site: /contact.htmlUsers of the Transportation Energy Data Book are encouraged

18、 to comment on errors, omissions, emphases, and organization of this report to one of the persons listed below. Requests for additional complementary copies of this report, additional data, or information on an existing table should be referred to Ms. Stacy Davis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Stacy

19、 C. DavisOak Ridge National Laboratory National Transportation Research Center2360 Cherahala BoulevardKnoxville, Tennessee 37932Telephone:(865) 946-1256FAX: (865) 946-1314E-mail: DAVISSC Web Site Location: /dataPhilip D. Patterson Vehicle Technologies ProgramEnergy Efficiency and

20、 RenewableEnergy Department of Energy, EE-2GForrestal Building, Room 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W.Washington, D.C. 20585Telephone:(202) 586-9121FAX:(202) 586-1637E-mail: PHILIP.PATTERSON Web Site Location: Jacob W. Ward Vehicle Technologies ProgramEnergy Efficiencyand R

21、enewable Energy Department of Energy, EE-2GForrestal Building1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20585Telephone:(202) 586-7606FAX:(202) 586-1600E-mail: JACOB.WARD Web Site Location: Spreadsheets of the tables in the Transportation Energy Data Book can be foun

22、d on the web at:/dataFind useful data and information in other U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Data Books.Biomass Energy Data Book:/bedbBuildings Energy Data Book:Hydrogen Data Book:/cocoon/mor

23、f/hydrogen/article/103Power Technologies Energy DataBook:/analysis/power_databookvTABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORDxviiACKNOWLEDGMENTSxixABSTRACTxxiINTRODUCTIONxxiiiCHAPTER 1PETROLEUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Tab

24、le 1.1World Fossil Fuel Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Figure 1.1World Fossil Fuel Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Table 1.2World Crude Oil Production, 19602008

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Table 1.3World Petroleum Production, 19732008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Table 1.4World Petroleum Consumption, 19602008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Figu

26、re 1.2World Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Table 1.5World Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Figure 1.3World Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2006 . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . .17Table 1.6World Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Table 1.7U.S. Petroleum Imports by World Region of Origin, 19602008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Figure 1.4Oil Price and Economic Growth, 19702008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . .19Table 1.8Summary of Military Expenditures for Defending Oil Supplies from theMiddle East110Figure 1.5Refinery Gross Output by World Region, 1997 and 2007111Table 1.9U.S. Refinery Input of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, 19872007112Table 1.10Refinery Yield of Petroleum Pro

29、ducts from a Barrel of Crude Oil,19782008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Table 1.11United States Petroleum Production, Imports and Exports, 19502008114Table 1.12Petroleum Production and Consumption and Some Important PercentShar

30、es, 19502008115Figure 1.6United States Petroleum Production and Consumption, All Sectors, 19732030 . . 116TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 282009viTABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)Figure 1.7United States Petroleum Production Transportation and Consumption,19702030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Table 1.13Consumption of Petroleum by End-Use Sector, 19732008118Table 1.14Highway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 19702007119Table 1.15Nonhighway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 19702007120Table 1.16

32、Transportation Petroleum Use by Mode, 20062007121CHAPTER 2ENERGY21Figure 2.1World Consumption of Primary Energy, 200622Table 2.1U. S. Consumption of Total Energy by End-Use Sector, 1973200823Table 2.2Distribution of Energy Consumption by Source, 1973 and 200824Table 2.3Alternative Fuel and Oxygenate

33、 Consumption, 2003200725Table 2.4Ethanol Consumption, 1995200726Table 2.5Domestic Consumption of Transportation Energy by Mode andFuel Type, 200727Table 2.6Transportation Energy Use by Mode, 2006200728Table 2.7Highway Transportation Energy Consumption by Mode, 1970200729Table 2.8Nonhighway Transport

34、ation Energy Consumption by Mode, 19702007 . . . . . . . .210Table 2.9Off-highway Transportation-related Fuel Consumption, 1997 and 2001 . . . . . . . . .211Table 2.10Fuel Consumption from Lawn and Garden Equipment, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Table 2.11Highway Usage of Gasoline and S

35、pecial Fuels, 19732007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213Table 2.12Passenger Travel and Energy Use, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Table 2.13Energy Intensities of Highway Passenger Modes, 19702007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215Table 2.14Energy

36、Intensities of Nonhighway Passenger Modes, 19702007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216Figure 2.2Energy Intensity of Light Rail Transit Systems, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Figure 2.3Energy Intensity of Heavy Rail Systems, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . .218Figure 2.4Energy Intensity of Commuter Rail Systems, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 282009viiTABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)Table 2.15Intercity Freight Movement and Energy Use in the United States,2006 and 2007219Table 2.16

38、Energy Intensities of Freight Modes, 19702007220CHAPTER 3ALL HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND CHARACTERISTICS31Table 3.1Car Registrations for Selected Countries, 1950200732Table 3.2Truck and Bus Registrations for Selected Countries, 1950200733Table 3.3U.S. Cars and Trucks in Use, 1970200735Figure 3.1Vehicles pe

39、r Thousand People: U.S. (Over Time) Compared to OtherCountries (in 1996 and 2007)36Table 3.4Vehicles per Thousand People in Other Countries, 1996 and 200738Table 3.5Vehicles per Thousand People in the United States, 1990200738Table 3.6Shares of Highway Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Type, 1970200

40、739Table 3.7Cars in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 2001310Table 3.8Trucks in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 2001311Table 3.9Median Age of Cars and Trucks in Use, 19702008312Figure 3.2Median Age and Registrations of Cars and Trucks, 19702007313Table 3.10Car and Light Tru

41、ck Survivability Rates and Lifetime Miles314CHAPTER 4LIGHT VEHICLES AND CHARACTERISTICS41Table 4.1Summary Statistics for Cars, 1970200742Table 4.2Summary Statistics for Two-Axle, Four-Tire Trucks, 1970200743Table 4.3Summary Statistics on Class 1, Class 2a, and Class 2b Light Trucks44Table 4.4Sales E

42、stimates of Class 1, Class 2a, and Class 2b Light Trucks, 1989199944Table 4.5New Retail Car Sales in the United States, 1970200745Table 4.6New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 Pounds GVW and Less in theUnited States, 1970200746TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 282009viiiTABLE OF CONTENTS (Contin

43、ued)Table 4.7Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of NewDomestic and Import Cars, Selected Model Years 1975200847Table 4.8Definition of Wagons in Model Year 200848Table 4.9Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of NewDomestic and Import Light Trucks,

44、 Model Years 1975200849Table 4.10Light Vehicle Market Shares by Size Class, Model Years 19752008 . . . . . . . . . . .410Figure 4.1Light Vehicle Market Shares, Model Years 19752008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411Table 4.11Sales-Weighted Engine Size of New Domestic and Import Carsby Si

45、ze Class, Model Years 19752008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412Table 4.12Sales-Weighted Engine Size of New Domestic and Import Light Trucksby Size Class, Model Years 19752008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413Table 4.13Sales-Weighted Curb Weight of N

46、ew Domestic and Import Carsby Size Class, Model Years 19752008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414Table 4.14Sales-Weighted Interior Space of New Domestic and Import Carsby Size Class, Model Years 19772008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415Table 4.15Aver

47、age Material Consumption for a Domestic Car, Model Years 1995, 2000,and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Table 4.16New Light Vehicle Dealerships and Sales, 19702007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417Table 4.1

48、7Conventional Refueling Stations, 19932007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418Table 4.18Reformed and Unreformed Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, MY 20082011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419Table 4.19Footpri

49、nts for Selected Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Table 4.20Car Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versusSales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 19782009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Table 4.21Light Truck Corporate Average Fu

50、el Economy (CAFE) Standards versusSales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 19782009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422Table 4.22Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Fines Collected, 19832007 . . . . . . . . .423Table 4.23The Gas Guzzler Tax on New Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51、. . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Table 4.24Tax Receipts from the Sale of Gas Guzzlers, 19802007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425Table 4.25Fuel Economy by Speed, PSAT Model Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 282009ixTABL

52、E OF CONTENTS (Continued)Figure 4.2Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973, 1984, and 1997 Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427Table 4.26Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973, 1984, and 1997 Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428Table 4.27Vehicle Specifications for Vehicles Tested in the

53、 1997 Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429Table 4.28Steady Speed Fuel Economy for Vehicles Tested in the 1997 Study . . . . . . . . . . . .430Table 4.29Driving Cycle Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431Figure 4.3City Driving

54、Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432Figure 4.4Highway Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432Figure 4.5Air Conditioning (SC03) Driving Cycle . . . . . . .

55、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433Figure 4.6Cold Temperature (Cold FTP) Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433Figure 4.7High Speed (US06) Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434Figure 4

56、.8New York City Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435Figure 4.9Representative Number Five Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435Table 4.30Projected Fuel Economies from U.S., European, and Japanese Driving Cycles . . . .436Table 4.31Comparison of