變量泵圖解直觀【精制材料】

1、,Copyright Eaton Limited 2003,Steve Skinner, Eaton Hydraulics, Havant, UK,Hydrokraft 產(chǎn)品介紹 (Notes version),產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)配置,Copyright Eaton Limited 2003,Steve Skinner, Eaton Hydraulics, Havant, UK,Translate: Peng Liu, Eaton Hydraulics, EVHS,介紹,產(chǎn)品,柱塞泵,缸體和柱塞,缸體和柱塞,滑靴,回轉(zhuǎn)組件,柱塞泵原理,定量軸向柱塞泵,1,2,定量軸向柱塞泵,Q,Q = (柱塞數(shù)) x

2、(柱塞面積) x (柱塞行程) x (轉(zhuǎn)速),Q = (柱塞數(shù)) x (柱塞面積) x (柱塞行程) x (轉(zhuǎn)速),Q,變量泵- 最大排量,Q = (柱塞數(shù)) x (柱塞面積) x (柱塞行程) x (轉(zhuǎn)速),Q,變量泵- 減小排量,Q = (柱塞數(shù)) x (柱塞面積) x (柱塞行程) x (轉(zhuǎn)速),行程,Q,變量泵- 減小排量,Q = (柱塞數(shù)) x (柱塞面積) x (柱塞行程) x (轉(zhuǎn)速),Q,行程,變量泵- 零排量,Q = (柱塞數(shù)) x (柱塞面積) x (柱塞行程) x (轉(zhuǎn)速),行程,變量泵- 零排量,Q,變量泵- 反向排量,單控制活塞,雙作用控制活塞,雙控制活塞,垂直控制活

3、塞,柱銷,鞍座,斜盤軸承,滑靴潤滑,滑靴潤滑,PF,TV,PV,結(jié)構(gòu)配置 單元,MF,MV,Hydrokraft 軸向柱塞產(chǎn)品有如下類型： 定量泵 (PF) 開環(huán)變量泵 (PV) 閉環(huán)變量泵 =(TV) 定量馬達 (MF) 變量馬達 (MV),PF,TV,PV,結(jié)構(gòu)配置 多元,MF,MV,通過對通軸選項的詳細說明，多個泵和馬達可被組合起來 多馬達選項提供更大的安裝柔性 (兩個小馬達可以比一個大型馬達具有更為窄小的外型結(jié)構(gòu)), 這使得通過將馬達由串聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)換到并聯(lián)來變化速度和扭矩成為可能，反之亦然,PUMP 組合,Equal size pumps with pilot / boost pumps,S

4、mallest with largest,Typically up to 4 pumps,Hydrokraft with other piston and vane pumps,Hydrokraft plus vane pumps,Hydrokraft plus other piston pumps,將Hydrokraft 軸向柱塞泵與其他型號柱塞泵或葉片泵結(jié)合在一起幾乎無任何不可能,PVX開環(huán)泵,1)小排量型號的結(jié)構(gòu)形式為變量機構(gòu)的活塞與驅(qū)動軸平行布置.型號設(shè)計為X中 ( 例如: PVX ),2) 大多數(shù)這種形式的泵為開環(huán)應(yīng)用,從結(jié)構(gòu)上來看即斜盤只能在中心的一側(cè)移動以調(diào)節(jié)流量從零到最大.,3

5、) 但有一種控制方式的開環(huán)泵 (稍后說明) 移動過中心,因此這種型號既可以做泵也可以作為馬達來使用,Hydrokraft 泵和馬達有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式,PVW開環(huán)泵,1) 大排量型號的控制活塞是與驅(qū)動軸垂直的。當從泵的頂部向下看時會很清楚地看到。,PVW 開環(huán)泵,2) 圖中控制活塞通過斜盤控制桿推動斜盤傾斜以調(diào)節(jié)排量。型號設(shè)計為W中 ( 例如: PVW ),3) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)的一個顯著的優(yōu)點是不必在泵的后面安裝控制機構(gòu)以允許方便地安裝多個單元,1) 大排量型號的控制活塞是與驅(qū)動軸垂直的。當從泵的頂部向下看時會很清楚地看到。,TVW 閉環(huán)泵,大多數(shù)閉環(huán)傳動泵使用W結(jié)構(gòu)形式，如圖從頂部來看為這種選型最佳的視

6、角。,TVW閉環(huán)泵,在閉環(huán)泵 (TVW)中控制活塞能夠推動斜盤在中間位置兩側(cè)變化，由此控制 液壓馬達在兩個方向運動和運動速度,TVW閉環(huán)泵,圖中馬達被閉環(huán)變量泵驅(qū)動.,TVW閉環(huán)泵,The control piston on the closed-loop transmission pump (TVW) is able to move the swash plate a variable amount either side of the neutral position thus controlling both the speed and direction of the hydrauli

7、c motor from the pump alone.,TVW閉環(huán)泵,The control piston on the closed-loop transmission pump (TVW) is able to move the swash plate a variable amount either side of the neutral position thus controlling both the speed and direction of the hydraulic motor from the pump alone.,TVW閉環(huán)泵,The control piston

8、on the closed-loop transmission pump (TVW) is able to move the swash plate a variable amount either side of the neutral position thus controlling both the speed and direction of the hydraulic motor from the pump alone.,性能參數(shù),P,PUMPS,所有 Hydrokraft 泵最大連續(xù)工作壓力為350 bar (5000 psi)，尖峰壓力為 420 bar (6000 psi).

9、,P,泵,對于開環(huán)泵，允許的最小進口壓力應(yīng)依照泵的排量，但典型地應(yīng)在 0.85到1.0 bar 絕對壓力之間 (12.3 - 14.5 psi 絕對壓力).,P,PUMPS,* PF/PV 360 cm3 = 1500 r/min, PF/PV 750 cm3 = 1200 r/min,泵的最大正常的驅(qū)動速度為1800 r/min ，盡管開環(huán)360 cm3/rev 被限制在1500 r/min，盡管開環(huán)750 cm3/rev 被限制在1200 r/min. 在某些應(yīng)用中，可能超過規(guī)定的最大驅(qū)動速度。 但這些應(yīng)用必須經(jīng)過 Hydrokraft 工程部門審核,P,18 / 15 / 13,PUMP

10、S,* PF/PV 360 cm3 = 1500 r/min, PF/PV 750 cm3 = 1200 r/min,工作介質(zhì)溫度范圍 (對于礦物油)為 -25 到 +90 C (-15 到 +195 F) ，推薦油液清潔度為ISO 4406 的 18/15/13。,P1 + P2 420 bar (6000 psi),MOTORS,馬達具有和泵同樣的壓力等級，最大連續(xù)工作壓力為350 bar (5000 psi)，尖峰壓力為 420 bar (6000 psi). 然而對于有一個附加的限制：進口和出口壓力之和任何時候不應(yīng)超過420 bar (6000 psi). (在節(jié)流工況時可能產(chǎn)生這樣的

11、壓力).,P1 + P2 420 bar (6000 psi),馬達,馬達的正常工作速度范圍為 80 到 1800 r/min.在某些應(yīng)用中，可能在這個范圍以外工作， 但這些應(yīng)用必須經(jīng)過 Hydrokraft 工程部門審核,P1 + P2 420 bar (6000 psi),18 / 15 / 13,馬達,工作介質(zhì)溫度范圍 (對于礦物油)為 -25 到 +90 C (-15 到 +195 F) ，推薦油液清潔度為ISO 4406 的 18/15/13。,產(chǎn)品構(gòu)造,，,PVX PUMP,一個合適的控制閥被安裝在控制活塞的油口安裝盤上以組成一個完整的泵?？刂苹钊话惭b在油口安裝盤內(nèi)側(cè)的一個軸套內(nèi)

12、，通過一個柔性連接與斜盤相連接，一個彈簧被安裝在柔性連接反面以使斜盤在泵起動時輸出最大流量。泵工作時由控制活塞確定斜盤角度。斜盤被柔性連接機構(gòu)支撐，該機構(gòu)可以繞一個鞍形或杯狀的軸承轉(zhuǎn)動。,配流盤上有進油和出油“腎”形油口，在靠近柱塞一側(cè)的T的表面為鍍青銅表面處理?；钊變?nèi)側(cè)也使用鍍青銅表面處理，提供耐磨損表面以延長泵的壽命。一個孔盤保持滑履在正確的位置，一個定位環(huán)夾緊滑履與斜盤接觸。,，,PVX PUMP,Next comes the main body of the pump. After a spacing washer the seal plate and shaft seal are

13、fitted。 Then the drive shaft and front bearing. The port plate also includes the rear shaft bearing. Considering the construction of the PVX type pumps, the first component illustrated is the port plate which can incorporate end or side entry ports (axial or radial).,PVX PUMP,The pump pistons are ho

14、llow (to reduce weight) and lubrication holes feed pressurised fluid to the bearing surface between the slipper and swash plate.,PVX PUMP,The photograph shows a sectioned view of a typical PVX type pump (although the double taper roller shaft bearing is a non-standard feature).,PVW PUMP,With the PVW

15、 pump only side entry port plates are available.,As before, the rear shaft bearing is fitted into the port plate.,Followed by the valve plate.,活塞塊/活塞和斜盤在PVW 和 PVX是一樣的形式,Two dowel pins are fitted to the port plate to support the yoke during assembly but play no part in the operation of the pump.,連接結(jié)構(gòu)

16、和連接軸承是下一個被安裝的零件,A pin connects the yoke lever arm to the control piston.,必要的控制閥需要安裝在控制位置頂部,連接結(jié)構(gòu)位置指示器（可視或電子）可按要求安裝。,PVW PUMP - 500 & 750,The 500 & 750 size pumps have a spherical shaped valve plate and cylinder block surface. This improves the smooth running of the pump by acting to self-centre the c

17、ylinder block and valve plate.,PVW PUMP - TIE RODS,Another design feature of the W type units is the method of attachment of the port plate. This is achieved by tie-rods connecting through to the front section of the pump (rather than to the main pump body). The pressure forces created internally in

18、 the pump are thus transferred to the tie-rods rather than the body which has the effect of reducing vibration and noise level.,TVW PUMP,TVW transmission pumps normally have a through shaft on which can be mounted charge and pilot pumps as required. These are internal gear pumps and the outlet flow

19、from the charge pump can be directed through internal passageways thus avoiding the need for external pipe work.,TVW PUMP,This illustration shows a typical TVW transmission pump together with integral charge and pilot pumps. As can be seen the control piston and associated valves are mounted on top

20、of the pump leaving the rear surface of the port plate free for additional pumps.,傳動回路,典型的傳動泵回路應(yīng)包括一個補油泵、濾器、補油溢流閥和單向閥。 正常的補油Normally 泵流量為主泵最大流量的25%,傳動回路,A main system cross-port relief valve can also be included. In this case a single valve with dual pilot heads allows the same relief valve to be use

21、d for flow in either direction but with the ability to have different pressure settings in either direction.,TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT,A hot oil shuttle valve will bleed off fluid from the low pressure side of the loop for cooling and filtering. The charge relief valve will maintain a typical pressure of

22、 12 bar (175 psi) in the low pressure side of the loop.,TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT,With certain controls it may be difficult to achieve an exact zero flow condition so to prevent actuator creep in this situation, a cross-line solenoid valve can be fitted to connect both sides of the loop together when de-

23、energised.,最大排量 750+ cm3/r 最大壓力350/400 bar 噪音高 對吸油狀況和污染敏感 效率高 壽命長 較龐大的體積 好的油液適應(yīng)性 價格高,軸向柱塞泵特點,馬達 &齒輪箱,Although not part of the standard range, reduction gearboxes can be easily fitted to Hydrokraft motors where 在慢速和 高扭矩輸出的場合,馬達 &齒輪箱,This illustration shows a fixed displacement motor fitted with an ep

24、icyclic reduction gearbox.,泵的控制形式,FE,HG,MANUAL ADJUSTMENT,PVX / MVX Only,最簡單的泵和馬達排量控制方法為 FE or HG 手動調(diào)節(jié). 單純地將斜盤定位在某個角度 (從零位到最大) 通過螺絲和手輪方式 HG 型可在泵或馬達工作時調(diào)節(jié)，但 FE 型僅推薦在泵或馬達停止工作時進行。 這種控制形式是在對排量變動很少的應(yīng)用中，例如實驗臺.,手動控制,M,Q,8 sec,50 sec,ES,電氣調(diào)節(jié),8 sec,70 sec,PVX,PVW,Remote positioning of the swash plate can be a

25、chieved using an electric motor and gearbox into which can be incorporated switches or a potentiometer to provide pre-set positions. Typical response times would be between 8 and 70 sec (min to max flow or vice versa) depending upon the gearbox ratio selected.,M,N,N,t (min),應(yīng)用舉例 攪拌機,A typical applic

26、ation for the ES control would be a mixer drive where speed changes are relatively slow and infrequent. With a suitable controller this type of control can also be used for low-dynamic closed loop speed control applications.,Q,U,U,SP,電子排量控制 - PROPNL,Q,The SP control provides electronic displacement

27、control of the pump or motor where the swash plate angle is positioned by a closed loop position control arrangement utilizing a proportional valve, amplifier & electronic feedback of swash plate position. The control requires a pilot pressure supply either from an in-built pilot pump or separate su

28、pply.,Q,U,U,SP,電子排量控制 - PROPNL,Q,Typical response times (zero to maximum flow or vice versa) are in the range 300 to 1000 milliseconds although faster responses may be achievable (consult Hydrokraft Engineering Dept.) The SP control is the preferred option where electronic control of displacement is

29、 required and provides the best performance in terms of hysteresis, response time etc.,U,SM,電子排量控制 - SERVO,PVW / TVW Only (Non-preferred option),Q,U,A second option for providing electronic displacement control is available on the W type units which uses a servo valve (rather than a proportional val

30、ve) to position the swash plate. 該閥與斜盤之間采用機械連接，效果好于電子反饋,U,SM,電子排量控制 - SERVO,PVW / TVW Only (Non-preferred option),Q,U,The performance of the SM type control (in terms of hysteresis etc.) is not as good as the SP control and it is more expensive. Its use is normally confined therefore to applications

31、 where, for safety or other reasons, there is a requirement for a very low electrical current control valve.,Q,PP (bar/psi),PP,DP,先導壓力排量控制,The DP control option enables the pump displacement to be controlled by varying a control pressure signal (PP). When the control pressure signal reaches 10 bar (

32、150 psi) the displacement of the pump starts to increase linearly from zero reaching maximum displacement when the control pressure has risen to 40 bar (600 psi).,DPG,PP,先導壓力排量控制,ISO 03,A,B,The G version of the DP control provides an ISO 03 mounting interface so that pilot control valves can be moun

33、ted easily on the pump. Typically this would include a pilot pump relief valve (A) together with a second relief valve (B) which would be used to vary the control pressure (PP) and thus the displacement of the pump. Alternatively, solenoid valves could be mounted on the interface to select two or mo

34、re preset control pressures.,PP,DPH,先導壓力排量控制,G,The H version of the DP control provides a G (” BSP) connection for the control pressure. This could be used where the control pressure signal is generated at some distance away from the pump, for example, by a hydraulic remote control valve or remote r

35、elief valve.,DPH,PP,先導壓力排量控制,G,For transmission pumps where the swash plate can move either side of centre, two control pressure ports are provided (one for each side of centre). This allows the pump to be controlled by a two axis hydraulic remote control for example.,PP,DPJ,先導壓力排量控制,The DPJ control

36、 provides an electro-hydraulic proportional pilot relief valve to generate the control pressure. This mounts onto an ISO 03 interface on the pump and the option includes pilot pump relief valve, proportional relief valve and electronic amplifier card as part of the package. Although the DPJ option p

37、rovides control of the pump flow in response to an electronic signal, it is not intended to be a high-dynamic control in the same way that the SP control is.,DPK,PILOT PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT CONTROL,The DPK is the over-centre pump version of the DPJ. It provides pilot pressure displacement control vi

38、a a proportional relief valve but now also includes a solenoid switching valve which will determine on which side of centre the pump is operating.,MAX,0,10 150,40 600,PP (bar/psi),N (r/min),N,PP,d,先導壓力排量控制,By using both a pilot pressure displacement control pump and motor, it is possible to combine

39、their controls to provide an extended working speed range. If the pump displacement responds to a control pressure range of 10 to 40 bar (150 to 600 psi) then between these two points the pump will move from zero to maximum flow. During this period the motor will remain on maximum displacement.,當控制壓

40、力繼續(xù)升高為40 到 70 bar (600 to 1000 psi) 馬達的排量將會從最大值減小到最大值的35%左右 (該值是所有變量馬達的典型最小排量). 這將使在低速大扭矩工況下工作時提高馬達的速度范圍,MAX,0,70 1000,N (r/min),N,PP,d,VARIABLE PUMP & MOTOR EXAMPLE,PP (bar/psi),10 150,40 600,Q,P,壓力補償控制,DF,DF 控制形式提供壓力補償 (或壓力限制). 所有泵使用一個兩級補償閥，該閥提供一個非常明顯的轉(zhuǎn)變點 (接近 1 bar / 15 psi) 并且在使用并聯(lián)泵布置時非常穩(wěn)定。 最大行程調(diào)

41、節(jié)器作為所有壓力補償泵的標準件使泵的最大流量被限制在最大輸出流量的50 和 100% 之間,壓力補償控制,Q,P,Q,P,P2,P1,PRESSURE COMPENSATION PLUS LOAD SENSING,DF # # # # 1,15 bar (220 psi) MIN,負載傳感可以作為壓力補償控制的一個選項。這能使泵在比負載壓力稍高的壓力下就減小排量，而不是在滿補償壓力下改變排量。負載傳感壓力補償控制被設(shè)置用來提供一個 15 bar (220 psi) 的壓差，這個壓差為推薦的最小值，如需要也可設(shè)置更高的壓差。,壓力與流量補償,當負載壓力增加時，負載口壓力與泵出口壓力差值變大，負載補償閥芯略微打開使流量減小，進而導致差值變小，負載平衡。此過程隨負載壓力增大而逐漸增大，直至負載壓力達到壓力限制值，此