AppendixIIIGrammarglossary.pptx

1、定語(yǔ)從句的基本概念,1) 關(guān)系代詞 that指代主句中的人或物，充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。which 指代主句中的物，充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例如： She had shown pictures of a plant that / which had recently been discovered. Anyone that / who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police. Have you seen the book that / which I put on the table? The fire

2、also destroyed cars which / that belonged to people who worked in the building.,2) 關(guān)系副詞 where修飾表示地點(diǎn)或含有地點(diǎn)意義的名詞，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如： Do you still remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? (where = at which) He has got into a dangerous situation where he may get fired. (where = in which) when修飾表示時(shí)間

3、的名詞，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如： There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when = during which) The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when = in which) why修飾先行詞reason，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的原因狀語(yǔ)。例如： They didnt explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why = for which),3) 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。例如： The

4、teacher from whom I learned most was Mrs. Clark. The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable. (at which相當(dāng)于where) 注：介詞后的關(guān)系代詞如指代物，只能用which，且不可省略；如指代人，只能用whom，且不可省略。,4) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系疏密的情況，可以把定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句(Restrictive Relative Clause)和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(Non-restrictive Relative Cl

5、ause)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切，是句子意義上不可分割的一部分。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明作用，不影響主句的意義表達(dá)。例如： Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. He visited the school, after which he was invited to the city hall. T

6、he sun shines, which makes it possible for things to live. I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.,5) as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 當(dāng)先行詞被the same或such修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常由as引導(dǎo)。例如： She is not the same girl as she used to be. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為know，see，suggest，turn out等時(shí)，由as引導(dǎo)從句。例： The Nile is the longest river in the world, as we all know. A fast food restaurant is a place, as the name suggests, where eating is performed quickly. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前時(shí)，由as引導(dǎo)。例如： As is mentioned above, the number of the stud