英語句子成分和基本句型

1、句子成分英語的句子成分主要有六種：即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。（可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)）除了這六種主要成分之外，還有“表語”和“同位語”的說法。但表語和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語，因此劃分成分時(shí)，劃分在謂語上。同位語分為主語同位語和賓語同位語，屬于主語或賓語的一部分。主語主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)。可以作主語的詞性或語法結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞 2.代詞 3.數(shù)詞 4.名詞化的形容詞（如the rich）5.不定式 6.動(dòng)名詞 7.主語從句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more a

2、nd more popular. We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign

3、 language.That he isnt at home is not true.改正下列句中的錯(cuò)誤，并說明原因。He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.Play basketball is my favorite spor

4、t.Give up English is not an option.謂語謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for y

5、ou all the time.I would stay at home all day.由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.表語表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The wea

6、ther has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one.His job is to teach English.His hobby is playing football. The machine must be under repairs. The truth is that he has never been abroad.賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動(dòng)作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語，分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。They planted many

7、trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說，在意思上，賓語相當(dāng)于賓補(bǔ)的主

8、語。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city

9、what your city is now.I want your homework done on time.主補(bǔ)對主語的補(bǔ)充。含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，賓語作主語時(shí)，原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的。The next man is a scientist.1.形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。The man

10、next to me is a scientist.（我旁邊的那個(gè)人）2.副詞用作定語一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那兒的人們)He didnt like the man downstairs. （樓下的那個(gè)人）3.介詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置。The boy under the tree is Tom.（樹下的那個(gè)男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我們班最高的那個(gè)男孩）4.現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語常后置。I have something to say. (我有要說的話)The bo

11、y crying over there is my classmate.（在那邊哭的那個(gè)男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.We need a place twice larger than this one.She carried a basket full of eggs.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.Th

12、ere are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.There are many clothes to be washed. Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.Then the great day came

13、 when he was to march past the palace in the team.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子, 說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(認(rèn)真地寫，慢慢地走，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，作狀語)This material is environmentally friendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）He runs very slowly.（修飾副詞slowly, 因此very是副詞，作狀語）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修飾整個(gè)句

14、子用副詞，作狀語）狀語按意義分類在句子成分中，主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)語都比較好辨認(rèn)，如果這幾個(gè)成分都不是，那很可能就是狀語了。因此，狀語的種類很多，可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。指出下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。1.How about meeting again at six? 2.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 3.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 4.She put the eggs into the basket w

15、ith great care. 5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 8.The boy needs a pen very much. 9. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 10.She works very hard

16、 though she is old. 11. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批“學(xué)生”）Its good to us students. 選擇正確答案，并說出句中哪個(gè)是同位語。1.The young man, _,works in the office.A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me 2.Ou

17、r English teacher, _, often helps us with study.A. Mrs. WangB. Mrs. Wangs C. Mrs. Wangs.D. of him 3._, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.A. ThemB. HeC. TheyD. Theirs簡單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下： （主謂） （主謂賓） （主謂間賓直賓） （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） （主系表）主語

18、（subject）謂語（predicate）賓語（object）定語（attribute）狀語 (adverbial)補(bǔ)語（complement）表語（predicative）基本句型一： （主謂）這類句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，都不帶賓語，但可以帶狀語。如: Time flies. ( )It is raining now. ( )Weve worked for 5 hours. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (

19、 )He is smiling all over his face. ( )基本句型二： （主系表）系動(dòng)詞主要是be，但還有一些動(dòng)詞有些時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞，有人稱之為半系動(dòng)詞。He fell ill yesterday. His advice proved right. The shop stays open till 8 oclock. The machine went wrong. 常見的系動(dòng)詞1.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。2.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay,

20、 lie, stand。如：He kept silent at the meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。The house stood empty for years.房子空了數(shù)年。He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒著。3.表“像”系動(dòng)詞：用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。如：Something seems wrong. 好像出差錯(cuò)了。He appears

21、young. 他看起來很年輕。 4.感官系動(dòng)詞：主要有l(wèi)ook“看起來”，feel“摸起來”, smell“聞起來”, sound“聽起來”, taste“嘗起來”。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 5.變化系動(dòng)詞：表示主語變成什么樣。變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a sho

22、rt time. 她沒多長時(shí)間就富了。He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易變壞。His face went red.他的臉變紅了。What he had dreamt of came true.他的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Still waters run deep.靜水流深。6.終止系動(dòng)詞：表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意。如：The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于

23、成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他預(yù)言的結(jié)果是錯(cuò)的。用下畫線畫出下列句中的系動(dòng)詞。His advice proved right. The shop stays open till 8 oclock. The machine went wrong. All these efforts seem in vain. Trees turn green in spring. What you said sounds great.系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語He is a student. ( )Y

24、our idea sounds great. ( )在一個(gè)英語單句中，一般情況要有謂語動(dòng)詞要注意：介詞短語和形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語。改錯(cuò)：Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.Your book on the desk.基本句型三： （主謂賓）此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）+賓語”構(gòu)成。如：She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語。People all over the world spea

25、k English. Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say. He just wanted to stay at home.He practices speaking English every day.基本句型四： （主謂間賓 直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give“給”，pass“遞”，bring“帶”，show“顯示”。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋?/p>

26、動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：He gave me a cup of tea. ( )強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 + 間接賓語。如：He gave a cup of tea to me.常跟雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。（需借助for 的） buy, choose

27、, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。一般用to多些，用for的記住常用的三個(gè)就行：get, buy, make。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John.分析下列句子成分，說出間接賓語和直接賓語。She ordered herself a new dress.She c

28、ooked her husband a delicious meal. He brought you a dictionary. He denies her nothing. 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對賓語做出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。The war made him a soldier.（“他成為一個(gè)士兵”，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）New methods make the job easy. （）I

29、often find him at work. （）I saw a cat running across the road.分析下列句子并劃分成分，在后面的括號內(nèi)標(biāo)明是什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1. They appointed him manager. （ ）2. They painted the door green. （ ）3. He pushed the door open. （ ）4. They found the house deserted. （ ）5. What makes him think so? （ ）6. We saw him out. （ ）7. He asked m

30、e to come back soon. （ ）8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）there be 句型此句型是由“there + be + 主語 + 狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)“存在有”。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞（也有看作形式主語的），并無實(shí)際意義。be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化?？捎?live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。表示存在有，但表意要更具體一些。如：There is a book and two p

31、ens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.There came a shout for “help”.There exists no air on the moon.There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill.1._ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the

32、work.A. It existedB. There existed C. They hadD. There had2._ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands; under C. Stands there; underD. There stands; at答案：B, Dthere be 與have 的區(qū)別there be “某地有某物，某時(shí)有某事”；have 表示“某人擁有某物”。改錯(cuò)：There has a book on the desk. There will have a

33、 meeting this evening.答案：把has改為is; 把have改為be。提示：沒有there have這種表示“有”的方法。Ill have my bike repaired. These words sound reasonable. He showed me how to run the machine.I gave my car a wash.We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.The room soon became c

34、rowded. Dont keep the lights burning. I showed him my pictures.I told him that the bus was late.We elected him monitor. I did well in English.The days are getting longer and longer. 簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句英語的句子種類主要包括簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是并列句和復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ)。簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句的基本形式：簡單句：主語謂語并列句：簡單句A并列連詞(and/so/but etc)簡單句B復(fù)合句：主句(簡單句

35、A)從句 (含有引導(dǎo)詞的簡單句B)或從句 (含有引導(dǎo)詞的簡單句B)主句(簡單句A)如：One must show honor to ones parents.(簡單句)Alice was honest with her master and she did all the things honestly for him.(并列句)Everyone knows that Yao Ming is a known basketball player.(復(fù)合句)謂語動(dòng)詞謂語是英語句子中的核心成分，謂語主要由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)，它有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成并列謂語，要在后兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞之間加上適當(dāng)

36、的連詞(如：and/so/but)。練習(xí)：A請判斷下列是不是句子(“是”用“”表示，“不是”用“”表示)。()1.There was a pretty toy on the table.()2.It being a goodlooking clever dog.()3.He be about to tell us the fact.()4.Because of his coming late.()5.Book me a single room.B請判斷下列句子是對還是錯(cuò)，對的打“”，如錯(cuò)，請改正。1Seen from the top of the mountain, and the city

37、looks quite small.2The weather is fine, well go out for a picnic.3He has three sons, but none of them takes good care of him.4There are 5 teachers will go with us.5This is your last chance, so taking hold of it.6If you are quick enough, you can catch the last bus to the town.7China will make greater

38、 and greater progress, this is known to us all.8I drop in on you tonight.9He didnt pass the exam made his parents very angry.10I wish him write me a letter soon.簡單句只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictu

39、res for the wall newspapers.（畫線部分為并列謂語，只有一個(gè)主語，仍為簡單句。）并列句由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（;）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。要注意, 逗號是不可以連接句子的，這一點(diǎn)和漢語不同。如：You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor等連接。 The teachers name is Smith, and

40、the students name is John.He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。Hurry up, or youll miss the train.表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively a

41、nd interesting.表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作另一個(gè)的成分。（而并列句的兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)間是并列關(guān)系， 而不是從屬關(guān)系。）當(dāng)簡單句的一個(gè)成分從詞或詞組變?yōu)榫渥訒r(shí)，整個(gè)句子就成為復(fù)合句了。1.It is wrong. What he said is wrong.2.The boy over there is my b

42、rother. The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.3.I was doing my homework at six. I was doing my homework when he came in.從上面這幾個(gè)句子，我們可以看出：一個(gè)句子如果含有從句，如名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等，這個(gè)句子就是復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句的從句和主句之間要用連接詞連接。判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy

43、who offered me his seat is called Tom.There is a chair in this room, isnt there?My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.Neither has he changed hi

44、s mind, nor will he do so.What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I w

45、ork from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別說出下列復(fù)合句中，where引

46、導(dǎo)的是什么從句。You can find it where you left it.（ ）Tell me the address where he lives.（ ）I dont know where he comes from.（ ）Where he was born is not known yet.（ ）This place is where they once lived.（ ）一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要考慮它們之間的連接問題一個(gè)句子如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，那它就不是簡單句了，要么是并列句，要么是復(fù)合句。這時(shí)我們就要考慮連接詞的問題。直接用逗號連接的兩個(gè)簡單句是錯(cuò)誤的。這時(shí)，我們有四種

47、方法來改正這個(gè)錯(cuò)句：改為并列句：我們可以使用and, so, but等并列連詞來把它們連接起來。改為復(fù)合句：加上從屬連詞，把其中的一個(gè)分句改為狀語從句、定語從句或名詞性從句。改為簡單句：把其中的一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語破壞掉，從而使其變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。改標(biāo)點(diǎn)：把逗號改為分號（根據(jù)句意有時(shí)也可用冒號、破折號等）。I like English, my English is very good. I like English and my English is very good. （并列句）As I like English, my English is very good. （含有原因狀語從句的復(fù)合句

48、）I like English; my English is good. （用分號）I liking English, my English is very good. (把一個(gè)分句改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))I have a house, its windows are very big. I have a house and its windows are very big. (并列句)I have a house, whose windows are very big. (含有定語從句的復(fù)合句)I have a house; its windows are big. (用分號)利用英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律

49、做下列各題。Five people won the “Chinas green figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A. is givenB. was given C. being givenD. givenAll the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completedB. complete C. had been completedD. have bee

50、n completed【2006遼寧】I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany.A. study; of whomB. study; of them C. studying; of themD. studying; of whomEverywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, _ with smiles.A. their faces are shiningB. whose

51、faces shiningC. their faces shiningD. faces shining whoseMany students _ around, I explained the story into details.A. stoodB. standing C. to standD. were standingI have five friends, some of _ are businessmen.A. thatB. whomC. theyD. them I have five friends, but none of _ are business- men.A. thatB

52、. whomC. theyD. them 【2013上?！縚 at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look及物動(dòng)詞(vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)及物動(dòng)詞：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞為vt。不及物動(dòng)詞:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞為vi。The door opened. (open后面沒跟賓語，此時(shí)，open是不及物動(dòng)詞。)He opened the door.(open后

53、面有賓語the door, 此時(shí)，open是及物動(dòng)詞。)注意：英語中一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，關(guān)鍵是看它用在句中時(shí)后面是否跟賓語。注意：1.有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，詞義相同。如：The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. 2.有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，但詞義不同。如：The man walked away. (walk不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物動(dòng)詞，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (was

54、h及物動(dòng)詞，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物動(dòng)詞，“耐洗”)3.英語中一些單詞是及物還是不及物，可能與漢語不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen為不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語中“聽”是及物動(dòng)詞。)指出下列句中斜體動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞填vt.，不及物填vi.。Most birds can fly.（ ）The children are flying kites in the park. ( )It happened yesterday.（ ）My watch stopped.（ ）The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( )She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ）Shall I begin at once?（ ）She began working as a teacher after she left school.（ ）（ ）When did they leave Beijing?（ ）They left last week. （ ）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)