習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯.ppt

1、習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯,擬聲詞翻譯,It iswasthat 特殊句型的翻譯方式,習(xí)語(yǔ)（idiom）的譯法,set phrases proverbs sayings idiom epigrams slang expressions colloquialisms quotations ,（一）習(xí)語(yǔ)對(duì)等翻譯法,He shut his eyes to our joint petition. Were not talking about the castle in the air the donkeys carrot. No, I mean something weve all shared. Those who

2、like to make a scene will never get advantage. To requite like for like is a common practice. Since you are raising a Cain, how can we hope to get peaceful days?,（一）習(xí)語(yǔ)對(duì)等翻譯法,他對(duì)我們的聯(lián)合請(qǐng)?jiān)钢弥焕?，充耳不聞?我們并不是在談?wù)撌裁纯罩袠情w 那些掛在驢鼻子前面的胡蘿卜一樣的東西。我指的是一些大家都有份的事情。 那些喜歡無(wú)理取鬧的人永遠(yuǎn)討不到什么便宜。 一報(bào)還一報(bào)是人們通常的做法。 你在那兒興風(fēng)作浪，我們?cè)趺雌谕麜?huì)有安寧的日

3、子過(guò)？,（二）形象意義兼顧法,You need much more prudence when you are going to take up a quarrel. It was in the cards for the son to succeed his father as head of the business. His life savings went down the drain in a bad investment.,若人家爭(zhēng)吵時(shí)你袒護(hù)其中一方，你可要多加小心喲。 子承父業(yè)，順理成章，他后來(lái)成了其父創(chuàng)辦的企業(yè)的新老板。 因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)錯(cuò)誤的投資，他的一生積蓄化為烏有。,（三）意譯

4、改造法,I am here like a fish out of water. She has a bad habit of buying a pig in the poke. Worship carries her off her feet. Hes not honest to you; hes turning you around his finger.,因?yàn)榄h(huán)境生疏，我在這里感到不自在。 她有見(jiàn)物就買(mǎi)的壞習(xí)慣。 宗教使她癡迷癲狂。 他不是真誠(chéng)對(duì)待你，只是玩你于股掌之間。,（四）優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)翻譯法,Dont waste your time. We have already decided to

5、 nail the colors to the mast. She bowed me to the earth. Wherever he works, he always wins his chiefs ears. Dont poke your nose into other peoples business; then you can well keep your nose clean.,你不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。我已經(jīng)決定堅(jiān)持到底，決不投降。 她使我羞愧難當(dāng)，無(wú)地自容。 他無(wú)論到哪兒工作，總是能得到上司的寵顧。 如果你能少管閑事，就完全可以明哲保身。,漢語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯,1.同義習(xí)語(yǔ)借用法,意義和形象

6、相同或相似的習(xí)語(yǔ),隨大流 絞盡腦汁 千鈞一發(fā) 渾水摸魚(yú) 君子協(xié)定 有志者事竟成 事實(shí)勝于雄辯 有其父必有其子 謀事在人，成事在天 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩,swim with the tide to rack ones brains hung by a thread to fish in troubled water gentlemens agreement Where theres a will, theres a way. Actions speak louder than words. Like father, like son. Man proposes, God disposes. O

7、nce bitten, twice shy.,1.同義習(xí)語(yǔ)借用法,意義和形象相同或相似的習(xí)語(yǔ),行尸走肉 沽名釣譽(yù) 自食其果 心寬體胖 隨波逐流 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。,a walking skeleton fish for compliments eat the fruit of ones own doing laugh and grow fat swim with the stream As you sow, so you will reap.,意義相同但形象不同的習(xí)語(yǔ),fish in the air give oneself airs the apple of ones eye smell

8、of the baby a black sheep Every barber knows that. True blue will never stain. Talk of the evil and he is sure to come. Whats at the back of it? a blessing in disguise,水中撈月 裝腔作勢(shì) 掌上明珠 乳臭未干 害群之馬 家喻戶(hù)曉 真金不怕火煉 說(shuō)曹操，曹操到。 葫蘆里賣(mài)的什么藥 塞翁失馬，焉知非福？,意義相同但形象不同的習(xí)語(yǔ),as timid as a hare Like draws to like fish in the air

9、 spend money like water kick down the ladder eat humble pie The pot calls the kettle black. Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.,膽小如鼠 臭味相投 緣木求魚(yú) 揮金如土 過(guò)河拆橋 忍辱含垢 五十步笑百步 寧為雞口，勿為牛后,2. 直譯法,求同存異 樸實(shí)無(wú)華 能者多勞 自力更生 順?biāo)浦?欺軟怕硬 半途而廢 不入虎穴，焉得虎子？,seeking common grounds while reserving differences si

10、mple and unadorned The abler a man, the busier he gets. regeneration through ones own efforts push the boat with current bully the weak and fear the strong give up halfway How can one get tiger cubs without entering the tigers den?,有錢(qián)能使鬼推磨。 If you have money you can even make the devil turn your mil

11、l. 十年樹(shù)木，百年樹(shù)人。 It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear people. 路遙知馬力，日久見(jiàn)人心。 A long road tests a horses strength and a long task proves a mans heart. 天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云，人有旦夕禍福 Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight.,十五個(gè)吊桶打水，七上八下 Like fifteen buckets being

12、hurriedly lowered into a well for water eight going down while seven coming up. 瞎子點(diǎn)燈白費(fèi)蠟 Like a blind man carrying a candle - a waste of wax. 泥菩薩過(guò)河 自身難保 The clay idol fording the river its as much as it can do to preserve itself from disaster. 黃鼠狼給雞拜年 不懷好意 A weasel wishing Happy New Year to a chicken

13、 harboring no good intentions. 老虎吃天 無(wú)從下口 A tiger wanting to eat the sky not knowing where to start.,3. 意譯法,脫胎換骨 雙管齊下 畏首畏尾 青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán) 不到黃河不死心 獨(dú)木不成林,cast off ones old self and take a new self do both things simultaneously Over-cautious Pupil learns from and outdoes his teacher. Not stop until one reache

14、s ones goal. One person cannot accomplish much.,3. 意譯法,留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒。 咱們騎驢看唱本走著瞧吧，看究竟是什么原因。 一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水吃。 他這一陣子心頭如十五個(gè)吊桶，七上八下，老是寧?kù)o不下來(lái)。,While theres life, there is hope. Lets wait and see what the reason for it turns out to be in the end. Everyones business is nobodys business. His mind was i

15、n a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.,Translation：,比較直譯：As long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewoods.,4. 直、意結(jié)合法,怨天尤人 債臺(tái)高筑 欲蓋彌彰 斬草除根 風(fēng)餐露宿 狗咬呂洞賓，不識(shí)好人心。 各人自?huà)唛T(mén)前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜。,blame everyone and everything but oneself be up to ones ears in debt try to

16、 hide a mistake, only to make it more conspicuous pluck up the evil by the roots braving the wind and dew Like the dog that bite LuTungbin you bit the hand that feeds you. Sweep the snow from your own front door, leave the frost on the other mans roof to thaw.,5. 節(jié)譯法,無(wú)影無(wú)蹤 長(zhǎng)吁短嘆 一朝一夕 根深蒂固 自給自足 狼吞虎咽 同心

17、同德 清規(guī)戒律 驚心動(dòng)魄 天長(zhǎng)地久,vanish without a trace sigh deeply overnight deep-rooted self-sufficient wolf something down with one mind taboos/ regulations soul-stirring eternal like skies,5. 節(jié)譯法,老鼠過(guò)街，人人喊打,rats running across the street with everyone yelling: “Kill them! Kill them!”,狗追耗子，多管閑事。,be a busy-body,小

18、蔥拌豆腐，一清二白。,very clearly,竹籃打水一場(chǎng)空。,All is lost.,6. 直譯加注法,木已成舟,The wood is already made into a boat whats done is done.,東施效顰,Dong Shi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish.,杞人憂(yōu)天,L

19、ike the man of Chi who was haunted by the fear that the sky might fall unnecessary anxiety.,6. 直譯加注法,姜太公釣魚(yú)，愿者上鉤。,朝秦暮楚,like the fish rising to Jiang Tai Gongs hookless and baitless line willingly fall into the snare.,Serve the State of Qin in the morning and the State of Chu in the evening play fast

20、and loose. (or quick to swithch sides / be fickle / inconsistent /changeable),like the way the Eight Fairies crossed the sea each displaying his own talent. (The eight immortals of Taoism in Chinese folklore),八仙過(guò)海，各顯神通。,擬聲詞的譯法 （onomatopoeia）,一、對(duì)等譯,“Boomboomboom-boom”the thunderous sound rolled in fr

21、om the other side of the mountain. A mosquito hums and hums, two flies drone and drone. The leaves rustled in the breeze.,“轟 轟 轟轟”，巨大的爆炸聲從山后那邊滾滾而來(lái)。 一個(gè)蚊子嚶嚶嚶，兩個(gè)蒼蠅嗡嗡嗡。 樹(shù)葉在微風(fēng)中颯颯作響。,二、轉(zhuǎn)類(lèi)譯,The cart rumbled past. “Whats that?” he suddenly exclaimed, hearing a rustle; and they both looked up. A north wind i

22、s whistling.,大車(chē)轱轆轆（地）開(kāi)了過(guò)去。（英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 漢語(yǔ)副詞) 他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一種沙沙的聲音，就突然問(wèn)道，“什么聲音？”接著他們倆都抬頭望去。（英語(yǔ)名詞漢語(yǔ)形容詞） 北風(fēng)吹得呼呼的。（英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞漢語(yǔ)副詞）,三、匹配譯,Thunder roared and rumbled in the black night sky. The racing train rumbled on. The young mans stomach rumbled with hunger. The old woman rumbled to herself as she went out.,黑暗的夜空中雷聲轟鳴作響。 飛馳

23、的火車(chē)隆隆向前開(kāi)去。 那位年輕人饑腸轆轆（肚子餓得咕咕嚕嚕地響）。 那位老婦嘟嘟噥噥地走了出去。,四、擬聲詞非擬聲譯,We heard the machines whir. The train whistle tooted.,我們聽(tīng)到了機(jī)器的轟鳴聲。 火車(chē)汽笛聲響了。,四、擬聲詞非擬聲譯,The frogs in the fields outside the town were croaking cheerfully. The cock in the coop crowed it first round. The train puffed towards Beijing from Shangh

24、ai.,青蛙在郊外的田野里（咕呱咕呱）起勁地叫著。 雞籠里的雄雞已（喔喔）叫頭遍了。 火車(chē)(噗噗地）從上海開(kāi)往北京。,五、非擬聲詞擬聲譯,他在山里騎馬時(shí)迷了路，由于整整一天沒(méi)有吃東西，現(xiàn)在感到饑腸轆轆。 愛(ài)德華幾乎一躺下就呼呼睡著了。 我們不明白為什么孩子們?cè)谀沁呁弁鄞罂蕖?He had lost his way when riding in the mountains, and after a day without food he began to grow hungry. Edward fell asleep almost immediately when he lay down. We

25、 dont know why the kids are crying loudly over there.,六、創(chuàng)造新的擬聲詞,She drew one match out. R-ratch! Now it sputtered and burned. We are charmed with the pretty prattle of children.,她抽著一根火柴，哧！啪！一下子燃著了。 孩子們動(dòng)聽(tīng)的咿呀學(xué)話(huà)聲真讓人感到陶醉。,It isthat,“It is + 名詞 + that ”結(jié)構(gòu) 翻譯時(shí)可采用三種方法： 先譯主句，后譯從句，名詞常有詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，多采用“真/很” +從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；

26、先譯從句，后譯主句，也時(shí)常伴有名詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，譯為“是的”；先譯從句，后譯主句，名詞詞性不變，譯為“，這是”。,It is a shame that they havent notified you about it. It is a pity that you missed the gathering we held last night. It is no wonder that he failed his final examination. It is a great pleasure that you are here. It is a common sense that a liq

27、uid has no definite shape, yet it has a definite volume.,“It is/was + 形容詞 + that ”結(jié)構(gòu),通常采用兩種翻譯方法： 先譯主句，后譯從句，多采用這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，“真/很/有” + 從句； 先譯從句，后譯主句，“，這是很的”。,It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. It was obvious that he was not that kind of person as was said to be. It is impo

28、rtant that a scientist should look at matter from the viewpoint of movement. It is very natural that man is willing to help a pretty woman.,“It is a +形容詞 + 名詞 + that”結(jié)構(gòu),表示一種讓步關(guān)系，多用于諺語(yǔ)之中。“It is that ” 之間的名詞常被形容詞修飾，不表示特定的、具體的人或事物，而是泛指一般的人或事物，整個(gè)句子的含義同字面意義正好相反。that 后面的從句可以是否定的也可以是肯定的。從句為肯定時(shí)，通常譯為 “再（多么）也

29、不會(huì)（不可能）”；從句為否定時(shí)，通常譯為 “再也會(huì)（也可能）” 或 “沒(méi)有不”。,It is a wise father that knows his child.,It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.,It is a good divine that follows his own instruction.,再聰明的父親也不一定了解自己的孩子。,再壞的鳥(niǎo)也不會(huì)弄臟自己的窩。,能說(shuō)者未必能行。,智者千濾，必有一失。,沒(méi)有對(duì)人人都有害的壞事。/ 害于此者利于彼。,It is a good workman that never blunders.,I

30、t is an ill wind that blows nobody good.,It is a good man that never stumbles nor a good wife that never grumbles.,世間沒(méi)有不犯錯(cuò)的丈夫，也沒(méi)有不嘮叨的妻子。,“It is + 過(guò)去分詞 + that”結(jié)構(gòu),一般采用兩種形式翻譯： 保持被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不變，在譯文中的動(dòng)詞前加上 “（根）據(jù)” ； 改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在譯文中的動(dòng)詞前面加上 “人們/有人/大家”。（如果沒(méi)必要也可以不加）,It is said that she just came back from America. It

31、 is known that matter is in constant motion. It has been found that all kinds of matter consist of atoms. It is decided that both of them will attend the seminar.,“It is/was + that”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),在翻譯時(shí)通常采用 “是 + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + 的” 的結(jié)構(gòu)；強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常采用 “的是 + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分” 的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： It was my mother that threw an egg at the Minister of

32、Education yesterday. It was an egg that my mother threw at the Minister of Education yesterday. It was the Minister of Education that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中如果出現(xiàn)選擇副詞notbut或and not，其強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分通常是主語(yǔ)，在翻譯時(shí)通常先譯that后面的部分，然后再譯主語(yǔ)。 It is not help but obstacles that make a man. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.,造就一個(gè)人，不是去幫助他，而是要讓他經(jīng)歷磨難。,使自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在一般疑問(wèn)句中，常譯為 “是不是？”在特殊疑問(wèn)句中，常譯為 “是？” 或 “究竟？”等等。 Was it for this that we suffered