歷屆高考試卷分析及迎考復(fù)習(xí)建議.ppt

1、命 題 方 針,能力應(yīng)用型命題,命出絕活、命出新意,絕活：不是“偏”、“難”、“怪”； 而是“能力”難，是“入題容 易、深入難”，絕不是簡單 的記憶題。, Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (a, a / a, the) (NMET 97),命題方向,2. Is _ here? -No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave. (1993-32) A. anybodyB. somebody C. everyb

2、odyD. nobody,考 語感,由考查“語言形式”過渡到考查“語言意識”,命 題 目 的,要拉開考生的區(qū)分度,具體由“兩點” 來體現(xiàn),看誰：語言知識豐富； 語言意識強(qiáng),3. Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.,that,學(xué)生沒有語言經(jīng)驗,怎么樣才能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言經(jīng)驗？,談化課文，重視閱讀,教材是“藥引子”：只要課文學(xué)過了，就不要再重復(fù)，教材上的東西不考！,劉道義問：為什么高考命題離教材越來越遠(yuǎn)？ 命題組秘書：如果你看到了這點說明我們做對了。,聽 力 題,高度重視 選取合適的訓(xùn)練材料 培養(yǎng)適應(yīng)能力,黃土地學(xué)外語，聽的

3、高分沒把握,變數(shù)的適應(yīng)， 時間的適應(yīng)。,單 項 填 空,2001、2002、2003年高考單項填空題的特點是：“新”、“活”、“用”,建議：少做舊的套題，所選試題要有新意,詞義辨析是單項填空與完形填空的“失分焦點”,建議：少做分冊補(bǔ)漏，（拋開課本）多兩條 線歸納詞匯,“詞義線”,“語境線”,besides except except for except that apart from,beside expect but,精講完后，一定要Practise,happen,take place,hold,take the place of in the place of in place ,as:

4、 like: look like be like seem like ,注意：1. 備課一定要注意“含金量”,2. 破初中老師給學(xué)生立的規(guī)矩,Shurly _ a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it. (wrote/ was writing),3. 以交際習(xí)慣為先,Ill _ a bottle of ink for you. (go to buy/ go and buy) This story _ in 1919. (happened/ took place),4. 培養(yǎng)“三個意識”：溝

5、通意識（串） 科學(xué)猜測意識（猜） 知識遷移的意識（移）,現(xiàn)在沒有“超綱”一說，（考試中心不斷發(fā)出信息：考試要建立在篇章的意識上） 2001: work out是詞典中第7個用法； Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(考試中心說：這是“新包裝”),2003年高考試卷分析,題型分析,題型分析,單項填空,交際,復(fù) 合 句,并 列 句,二層 次 陳述,“覆蓋面+綜合性+語境化” 2001/ 0.51 2002/0.50 2003/ 0.52 2004/?,完 形 填 空,抓好詞語辨析這個突破口 了解高考

6、對完形填空的要求 把握命題的設(shè)置 一定量的訓(xùn)練,1）詞性一樣； 2）詞義非常接近； 3）與形式和結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系不大； 4）與語意關(guān)系重大。,近幾年的完形填空的體裁有變成“夾敘夾議”的文章。,閱 讀 理 解,每年的讀速在逐年遞增 選材要全面 培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,28456067,不要忘了科普文章，增加時事報道，廣告說明文。,培養(yǎng)“掃讀”、“跳讀”、“從后向前讀”、“不一句一句地讀”等能力。 指導(dǎo)6點：topmain ideadetails(分析、深層化)作者意圖詞語的正確理解故事的發(fā)展、文章的推理,能力如何形成？,短 文 改 錯,三種能力：發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤的能力、分析判斷能力、糾正錯誤的能力 七個考點：冠詞的

7、使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)介詞、連詞的作用形容詞、副詞的等級動詞時態(tài)、形態(tài)、語態(tài)詞語的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用句子結(jié)構(gòu),明白考什么？,短 文 改 錯,分類復(fù)習(xí)（發(fā)現(xiàn)能力）； 對比指導(dǎo)（判斷能力）； 單句入手（練幾百句差不多了，再上文章） 綜合強(qiáng)化,對策：,書 面 表 達(dá),“必爭不讓”： “指導(dǎo)性作文”是教育部給這道題的定性。 “中國式英語”失分最多的結(jié)癥 要解決“輸入量”的問題,不要把重點放在批改，要放在組織背誦上，建議采用多“面批”的辦法。,1. (2001-21) Good morning, Grand Hotel. Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the

8、 18th and 19th. _. A. What can I do for you?B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter?D. At your service.,交際語用型：,2. (2002-23) You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC.

9、 wont sayD. didnt say,對情景做出反應(yīng)(response)，旨在單純檢測考生的語用能力。,以對話為語境依托，目的卻在考查語法、詞法等。,0.46/ 0.39,(43.2% 選D：聽候您的吩咐),交際綜合型：,又如：（2003- 35） - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. - _. It was her fault. No way B. Not possible C. No chanceD. Not at all,又如：（2003-32） - Theres coffee and tea: you can

10、 have _. - Thanks. either B. each C. one D. it,sl esp. AmE (as an answer) no; certainly not: “Please do this for me.” “No way, man: do it yourself!” Longman P.748,3. (1998) They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. sawB. watchedC. noticedD. observed 4. (2003-21) Dont be afraid of ask

11、ing for help _ it is needed. A. unlessB. sinceC. although D. when 5. (1996) Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. a; 不填B. the; anC. the; theD. 不填; the,C/ U? S!,關(guān)鍵點：,檢測點：,語境化：,0.11/ 0.49,S = nouns that are special singular nouns and can be used wit

12、h a or an but not with one. They can not be counted, and have no plural form. eg. Have a think about it. have a swim/a talk make an answer From: LONGMAN DICTIONATY,6. (2002-22) Excuse for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. so B. andC. butD. yet 7. (2002-31) We thought of selling this old fu

13、rniture, but weve decided to _ it. (It might be valuable.) A. hold on toB. keep up with C. turn toD. look after,并列句：,常用連詞有：so, and, when, while, or, but等，其中but的使用頻率最高，約占75%,8. (2002-26) Jumping out of _ at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A. 不填，theB. 不填，an C. an, anD. the, the,簡單句：,

14、兩個特點：一是題干趨于加長，以充分提供語言環(huán)境，二是主要用來檢測非謂語動詞。,9. (2003-30) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed,10. (1998-25) European football is played in 80 centuries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. makingB. makesC. ma

15、deD. to make,又如：_, Angkor Wat is worth visiting, especially after sunset. A. It is said thatB. As is said C. We all knowD. It is well known to all,二層次陳述：,11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001-34) ItB. AsC. ThatD. What,兩個句子依次而述，其中一句作為另一句選擇項的語境信息。有時，去除信息

16、句可能會出現(xiàn)多個答案。,運用標(biāo)點手段：,標(biāo)點符號一般不能創(chuàng)設(shè)語意環(huán)境，卻能創(chuàng)設(shè)語言的結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境。,單項填空題：,語法選擇題,單項填空題雖仍以檢測基礎(chǔ)知識為主，但那枯燥的單純語法和詞法檢測題已蕩然無存，每道題都設(shè)置了一個特定的微型語境，語境成了選擇的重要信息，而（語法）結(jié)構(gòu)形式的滿足相對被大大淡化了。這就意味著對語法、基礎(chǔ)詞匯等和教學(xué)不應(yīng)該停留在機(jī)械的講解和操練的層面上，而應(yīng)該盡可能地創(chuàng)設(shè)不同的語言環(huán)境，做到“活教”、“活學(xué)”?？忌挥芯邆淞俗銐虻恼Z言經(jīng)驗和語用經(jīng)驗，才能靈活自如地主宰單項填空題。,1) Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yar

17、d. - Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me （2003-34） 2) A left luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2003-30） A. should B. can C. must D. will 3) Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes dr

18、iving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may （2002-25）,特點： 題干加長 考點轉(zhuǎn)移 最佳答案,閱讀理解,題型分析,調(diào)節(jié)“閱讀理解”難度的手段：,選材,總詞量,背景:文化意識 獲取信息,設(shè)題,2001: (1509+826)2335/ 66.7wpm 2002: (1483+775)2258/ 64.5wpm 2003: (1454+739)2193/62.7wpm,結(jié)構(gòu): 篇章 語句,內(nèi)容: 思想內(nèi)涵 思維空間,詞匯: 數(shù)量？ 處理能力！,考查閱讀技巧,教學(xué)大綱（1993年） ：5060wpm 達(dá)到上限,新教學(xué)大綱：70wpm (本屆高三學(xué)

19、生),“無速則無用”,課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：（8級）讀速未提要求，但對閱讀量 要求高：除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng) 累計達(dá)到36萬字。,2000-C Decision-thinking is not unlike poker -it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you think what you think they think you think . The mental process(過程) is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been

20、 of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers . ,decision-thinking:決策論,要求： 用英文讀懂有相當(dāng)思想內(nèi)涵的東西，不是為了“哈哈笑” 另外，素質(zhì)教育的需要：英語教學(xué)是為了給學(xué)生提供廣 闊的思維空間,(2) the game theory 以及兩種不同的games (3) 關(guān)于business decision 的特點,臺灣對高中學(xué)生的詞匯量要求？,7500,詞匯量最終決定我們的語言運用水平！,老師的當(dāng)務(wù)之急？,不在數(shù)量，而在如何培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的處理詞匯的能力。,如何判

21、定“非關(guān)鍵詞”或“關(guān)鍵詞”,(2000-B) treat: 對待、治療,(The wife) treated (her husband): 招待,（2001-A） Shanghai: Car rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedans, mini

22、vans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56. The words “deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans ” used in the text refer to _. cars in the makingB. car rental firms C. cars for rentD. car makers,(2000-A) New York , 10 November 5:27 p.m. , yesterday

23、 . Biggest power failure in the citys history . *Thousands of people got stuck in lifts . Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building . “There were twelve of us . But no one panicked . We passed the time telling stories and playing word games . One

24、 man wanted to smoke but we didnt let him . Firemen finally got us out.” * “It was the best night weve ever had.,” said Angela Carraro . who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street . “We had lots candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays . The place was full and al

25、l night , in fact , for after we had closed , we let the people stay on and spend the night here.” * The zoos had their problems like everyone else . Keepers worked through the right . They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm . While zoos had problems keeping warm , superma

26、rkets had problems keeping cool . “All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manger of a store in downtown Manhattan . “They were worth $50,0000.” * The big electric clock in the lobby(大廳) of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started(滴答) again at 5:25 this morning . It wa

27、s almost on time.,51. Throughout the period of darkness , Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _.A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened,52In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro ?AShe had a taste of adventure.BBurning candles brightened the place.CBusiness was better than usual.DMany people stayed the night in her restaurant.,53How long did the power failure last?ANearly 12 hours. BMore than 12 hours.CNearly 24 hours. DMore than 24 hours.,影響閱讀能力的幾個因