汽車專業(yè)英語(原書作者宋紅英)第一～二章PPT課件

1、Unit oneAutomobile Structure,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,Types of Modern Automobiles 1）cars 2）passenger cars 3）trucks 4）tractors and vehicle combination 5）special type vehicle 6）Self-dumping car 7）farm vehicle 8) off-road vehicle,Pre-questions,Special vehicle,car,Tract

2、or,Truck,Passenger Cars,2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type,Pre-questions,Do you know who built the first car in the world and when? Karl Benz In 1886,Pre-questions,How many main parts does the automobile consist of?,1-engine,2-chassis,3-body,4-electrical system,Pre-questions,Which

3、 is called the “ heart” of automobile? An engine that is used to supply power for an automobile What is the chassis composed of? driving system, running gear, steering system and brake system.,Pre-questions,Driving system,Brake system,Steering system,running gear,Pre-questions,What is the electrical

4、 system composed of? The electric system includes the battery, generator, starting system, ignition system, lighting system, horn system, radio and other devices.,Pre-questions,What are the functions of the four systems? Driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. Suspen

5、sion systems function is to increase strength and durability of components and to meet customers requirements for riding comfort and driving safety. Steering system is used to control the driving direction of an automobile. Brake system is used to retard the motion of the vehicle.,Pre-questions,In o

6、ther words, any automobile is composed of the sections such as engine, chassis, body and electric system. In other words 換句話說 be composed of 由.組成 譯文：換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電器設(shè)備組成的。,II. Text Explanation,In other words In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 換句話說，它們相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定、靜止。 In oth

7、er words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是說，我們堅(jiān)持了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。 be composed of Navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit. 海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊(duì)和潛艇部隊(duì)組成。,II. Text Explanation,The internal combustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combusti

8、on or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. The internal combustion engine 內(nèi)燃機(jī) Convert .into.使轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)換. Propel vt.推進(jìn), 驅(qū)使 譯文：內(nèi)燃機(jī)在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸”所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動(dòng)車輛前進(jìn)。,II. Text Explanation,Convert .into. They converted the garage into a theater. 他們將車庫改成戲院。 convert water into ice.

9、 將水變成冰 converting feet into meters. 將英尺換算成公尺,II. Text Explanation,Brake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction. Hydraulic haidrlik adj. 液壓的, 水力的 Retard ritd vt. 延遲, 使減速,阻礙 Friction frikn n.摩擦, 摩擦力 譯文：制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機(jī)械和液壓設(shè)

10、備，它可通過摩擦來阻止車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。,II. Text Explanation,by means of 用.方式（方法），依靠 They succeeded by means of perseverance. 他們依靠堅(jiān)忍不拔而獲得成功。 He always goes to school by means of bike 他總是騎自行車上學(xué),II. Text Explanation,II. Text Explanation,In 1956, the No. 1 Auto Plant was established in Changchun, and turned out the first ba

11、tch of liberation automobiles for our country. establish vt.建立, 設(shè)立, 確定 turned out vt. 生產(chǎn), 起床, 翻出, 制造, 關(guān)掉 譯文：在1956年，一汽在長(zhǎng)春成立了，并且為我們國家生產(chǎn)出了第一批解放牌轎車。,turn out A vast crowd turned out to watch the match. 大群的觀眾到場(chǎng)觀看比賽。 If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. 萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。,II. Text Expl

12、anation,III. Exercises,Translate the following expressions into Chinese. chassis driving system internal combustion engine steering system braking system clutch gearbox universal joint propeller shaft generator,底盤 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 內(nèi)燃機(jī) 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 離合器 變速箱 萬向節(jié) 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸 發(fā)電機(jī),Identify the English names of clutch according

13、to the picture.,III. Exercises,1-engine; 2-clutch; 3-gearbox; 4-propeller shaft; 5-differential; 6-rear axle,The motor vehicle engine is basically a device for converting the internal energy stored in its fuel into mechanical energy. It is classified as an internal combustion engine by virtue of thi

14、s energy conversion taking place within the engine cylinders . Since the term ”energy” implies the capacity to perform work, the engine is thus able to propel the vehicle along the road and, within limits, overcome unwanted opposition to its motion arising from rolling friction and air drag. To faci

15、litate this process the engine is combined with a transmission system.,III. Exercises,I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. In effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. 實(shí)際上，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力傳遞到驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。 The electric system supplies lighting and drivi

16、ng power for the automobile. 電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅(qū)動(dòng)的電力。 The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代的外觀形象。,III. Exercises,汽車主要由四個(gè)部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。 An automobile is generally composed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and elec

17、trical system. 傳動(dòng)系由離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、后橋、差速器、從動(dòng)輪組成。 The transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle ,differential and the driving road wheels.。,III. Exercises,II. Translate the following sentences into English.,氣門機(jī)構(gòu)的作用是及時(shí)地吸入新鮮的混合氣和排出廢氣 The valve gear provides timely admissio

18、n of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them.,III. Exercises,Thank You !,Unit 2-1Main Components of Engine,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,Pre-questions,The heart of automobile,What impression of the engine?,complicated,power,Pre-questions,

19、What are there types of the engine? electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines Whats the internal combustion engine? burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.,Pre-questions,Single-cylinder eng

20、ine,cylinder,piston,Piston pin,Connecting rod,crankshaft,Oil pipe,Intake valve,Exhaust valve,Timing gear,Oil pump,what is the power source of automobile and how to produce?,piston,piston pin,connecting rod,crankshaft,Engine Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. The connec

21、ting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion.,Pre-questions,The engine comprises two mechanism and five systems, what are they ? crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism, valve gear, cooling system, lubricating system, fuel system, sta

22、rting system, ignition system,Pre-questions,connecting rod,flywheel,crankshaft,piston,intake valve,exhaust valve,push rod,tappet,timing gears, Valve gear Connecting rod,Engine cooling system,Engine lubricating system,Fuel supply system,Valve gear,Whats the function of the crankshaft and connecting r

23、od mechanism? Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.,Pre-questions,The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle

24、. 譯文：內(nèi)燃機(jī)，顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部燃燒，并且把燃燒時(shí)的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛的旋轉(zhuǎn)力。,II. Text Explanation,Of all automobile components, an automobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an automobile. complicated kmplikeitid adj.復(fù)雜的, 難解的 dominance dmnns n.優(yōu)勢(shì), 統(tǒng)治 譯文：汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是一切汽車部件中結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜，對(duì)汽車功能起

25、支配作用的一個(gè)總成。,II. Text Explanation,Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles. Convertinto. 轉(zhuǎn)變；變換 譯文：它的作用就是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能用來驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車 。,II. Text Explanation,Co. 轉(zhuǎn)變；變換 That building has been converted into a school. 那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。 兌換 I want to convert some Hong K

26、ong dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元換成美元。 改變信仰、黨派或意見等 She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她終于設(shè)法說服了他接受她的意見。,II. Text Explanation,Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. linear lini adj. 線的, 直線的, 線 性的 piston pistn n.活塞,II. Text Explanation,The piston attached to

27、the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin. attach to v. 連接 connecting rod 連桿 piston pin = wrist pin 活塞銷,II. Text Explanation,The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. transmitto 把傳到 which cha

28、nges it into rotary motion 定語從句,II. Text Explanation,diesel engines water pump the ignition distributor oil pan timing gear crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism valve gear fuel system exhaust pipe exhaust manifold,III. Exercises,Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 水泵 分電器 油底殼 正

29、時(shí)齒輪 曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu) 配氣機(jī)構(gòu) 燃油系統(tǒng) 排氣管 排氣歧管,1-cylinder head cover 2-piston 3-timing toothed belt 4-water pump 5-oil pan 6-oil pump 7-crankshaft 8-flywheel 9-distributor 10-valve,III. Exercises,The crankshaft represents the final link in the conversion of reciprocating motion at the piston to one of rotation at th

30、e flywheel. In the cast of the multi-cylinder engine, the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons, while receiving their own impulses. A one-piece construction is most commonly used for the motor-vehicle crankshaft, which extends the whole length of the engine and must therefor

31、e possess considerable rigidity .,III. Exercises,The timing-drive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft as is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries, such as the cooling fan and the alternator for electrical system. attached to the rear end of the

32、 crankshaft is the engine flywheel .,III. Exercises,I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的動(dòng)力源.它通過汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的. 2The fuel system works according to the requirements of

33、 the engine as it provides an air-fuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. 燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的需求。,III. Exercises,3The valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them. 配氣機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)

34、構(gòu)可定時(shí)的將新鮮氣體充入氣缸，并且將廢氣排放出去。,III. Exercises,1發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要有兩大機(jī)構(gòu)五大系統(tǒng)組成。 An engine is mainly composed of two mechanisms and five systems. 2曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)主要包括機(jī)體組，活塞連桿組和曲軸飛輪組。 The crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism mainly consists of the engine crankcase and cylinder block, the piston and connecting rod, the cranksha

35、ft and flywheel.,III. Exercises,II. Translate the following sentences into English.,3水泵工作時(shí)，可以將冷卻液在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水套中和散熱器之間來回流動(dòng)。 When revolving, the water pump circulates coolant between the engine water jackets and the radiator.,III. Exercises,III. Exercises,Principle of Four-stroke Engine,1、intake stroke 2、com

36、press stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke,Intake valve,Exhaust valve,Thank You !,Unit 2-2 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,Engine Body,crankcase,cylinder block,cylinder head,cylinder,oil passage and water passage,oil pan,The cylinder gask

37、et,What is the engine block comprised of? the cylinder section and the crankcase section,Pre-questions,the cylinder,crankcase,Pre-questions,How many types has the engine arrangement, what are they?,In-line,V-type,Horizontally opposed type,Whats the function and the material of the cylinder head? Fun

38、ction： Seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder Material: grey iron or alloy iron aluminum,Pre-questions,cylinder gasket,cylinder head,cylinder cover,pad,to fit spark plug,Pre-questions,What types of the combustion chambers are there?,Pre-questions,w

39、edge-shaped basin-shaped hemispherical,The engine block is the main supporting structure to which all other parts are attached directly or indirectly. attached t tt vt 附上.的 directly adv. 直接地 Indirectly adv. 間接地 譯文：氣缸體是主要的支承部件，它可以將其它部件直接或間接的裝配在上面。,II. Text Explanation,反義詞,The surfaces are machined to

40、 allow the pistons to move with minimum wear and friction. allow vt 允許，承認(rèn) allow sb. to do sth. allow doing sth. Friction frikn n. 摩擦, 摩擦力 譯文：加工出的表面允許活塞在最小磨損和摩擦力下運(yùn)動(dòng)。,II. Text Explanation,Allow 使成為可能，允許 近義詞：permit The windfall allowed me to buy a house. 這意外之財(cái)使我得以購置一幢房子。 Allow me to introduce myself. 請(qǐng)

41、允許我自我介紹一下。,II. Text Explanation,With the increased concern for providing higher output and lower fuel consumption, car manufactures are trying to make the vehicle lighter. Concern vt.涉及, 關(guān)系到 n.關(guān)心, 關(guān)注 concern for 對(duì).的關(guān)心/憂慮 concern with 和.有關(guān)（一般用.+be concerned with.） consumption n. 消費(fèi), 消費(fèi)量 譯文：隨著對(duì)汽車產(chǎn)量和低燃

42、耗的關(guān)注度越來越高，汽車生產(chǎn)廠家盡量把汽車做的輕一些。,II. Text Explanation,Concern vt. 1. (不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))關(guān)于 2. 涉及,關(guān)系到;影響到The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities. 這封信主要是關(guān)于出口商品的。 The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。 3. 使擔(dān)心;使不安 (+about/for) The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。 He is con

43、cerned for her safety. 他擔(dān)心她的安全。 4. 使關(guān)心(+about/with) He was very concerned about her. 他對(duì)她非常關(guān)心。,II. Text Explanation,It should be paid attention to the direction when fixing. to是介詞,所以后面接名詞以及動(dòng)名詞. pay attention to sth. / doing sth. Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. 請(qǐng)注意照顧好你的小孩. 譯文：應(yīng)該注意裝配時(shí)

44、的方向。,II. Text Explanation,Cylinder gasket,Function ： fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water . Pay attention to the direction when fixing,II. Text Explanation,In order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to

45、 warp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block. In order to 為了 We started early in order to arrive before dark. 為了在天黑前到達(dá),我們很早就動(dòng)身了。,II. Text Explanation,warp w:p n. 彎曲, 歪曲 vt. 弄歪, 使翹曲 vi.變彎, 變歪 added to incresed（本身）增加 added to(別人，別的東西)增加 譯文：為了使鋁制材料強(qiáng)度更高，盡可能的減少彎曲變形

46、，可加入一定的金屬材料或者在缸體內(nèi)鑲鋼缸套。,區(qū)別,II. Text Explanation,cylinder block cylinder head oil pan cylinder gasket cylinder liner wedge-shaped combustion chamber basin-shaped combustion chamber in-line engines spark plugs injection,III. Exercises,Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,氣缸體 氣缸蓋 油底殼 氣缸墊 缸套

47、 楔形燃燒室 盆形燃燒室 直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 火花塞 噴油器,III. Exercises,1- cylinder head cover; 2-cylinder head; 3- cylinder gasket; 4-cylinder block; 5- oil pan,It has long since been established practice to combine the cylinder block and crankcase into a single unit, this generally being termed “monobloc” construction. The his

48、torical origins of this form of construction date back to the early 1920s, when there was a general trend towards simplification of the engine structure.,III. Exercises,Until then the cylinder block and crankcase were produced as separate units, in cast iron and aluminum alloy respectively, and then

49、 bolted together . In relation to modern engine design, the monobloc construction provides a very necessary rigid foundation for the engine and reduces manufacturing costs.,III. Exercises,I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1In order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to wa

50、rp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block. 為了使鋁制缸體剛度更強(qiáng)和盡可能的減少磨損，可將一些材料加入其中或者在缸體中安裝缸套。 2The cylinder gaskets function is to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water. 氣缸墊的作用就是密封缸蓋與缸體之間的區(qū)域，避免漏氣、漏油和漏水。,III. Exercises,3The cylinders of m

51、ulti-cylinder automotive engines are arranged in one of three ways. 多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的氣缸排列方式是這三種形式之一。,III. Exercises,II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1氣缸墊安裝時(shí)，要注意它的方向性。 It should be paid attention to the direction when fixing the cylinder gasket . 2鋁制缸體為了提高它的剛度，常常要在氣缸中安裝缸套。 In order to make th

52、e aluminum stronger ,a steel liner often placed in the block. 3直列式是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種排列方式。 In-line engine is the simplest arrangement.,III. Exercises,Thank You !,Unit 2-3Piston and Connecting Rod,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,what does the piston assembly consist of? It mainly c

53、onsists of piston, piston rings, piston pin, and connecting rod.,Pre-questions,piston,piston rings,piston pin,connecting rod,Pre-questions,piston,piston rings,piston pin,connecting rod,Function?,Function: transmit the force of expansion to crankshaft through connecting rod Withstanding gas pressure,

54、Pre-questions,characteristic,light,rigid,cylindrical shaped hollow,Pre-questions,cylindrical shaped hollow,What is the piston composed of? piston head, piston lands, piston skirt and piston pin hole.,Pre-questions,Components,piston top,piston head,piston skirt,piston pin hole,Pre-questions,Whats the

55、 function of the connecting rod? to pass the reciprocating power of the piston to the crankshaft.,Pre-questions,Small end,Connecting rod bushing,Connecting rod,Big end,Connecting rod half shells,Connecting rod cap,To withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. Withstand

56、vt.抵擋，經(jīng)受住 the combustion chamber 燃燒室 譯文：活塞必須要堅(jiān)固才能承受燃燒室的熱量。,II. Text Explanation,In some application, a narrow groove is cut into the piston above the top ring to serve as a “heat dam” to reduce the amount of heat reaching the top ring. groove grv n. 凹槽 heat dam 隔熱槽 譯文：在有些結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了減少傳到頂部活塞環(huán)的熱量，在活塞環(huán)的上部切割

57、出一個(gè)很窄的環(huán)槽，叫做“隔熱槽”。,II. Text Explanation,cut into v 減少，侵犯, 打斷 Dont cut into the story. 不要打斷故事。 The knife easily cut into the cake. 刀一下子就切進(jìn)了蛋糕。 The other house got old and shabby, and that cut into the value. 周圍的房子都破舊不堪, 這使得他房子的價(jià)值降低了。,II. Text Explanation,serve as vt. 擔(dān)任(充當(dāng),起.的作用) These philosophical v

58、iews serve as a guide in life. 這些哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)可以作為處世指南。 He will serve as mayor 他將任市長(zhǎng)一職。 近義詞：act as. 區(qū)別：serve 為服務(wù),II. Text Explanation,It may be flat, concave, and convex or any one of a great variety of shapes to promote turbulence or help control combustion. concave knkeiv n. 凹, 凹面 convex knveks adj. 表面彎曲如球

59、的外側(cè), 凸起的 譯文：（活塞頂部）形狀可以是平頂、凹頂、凸頂或者其它各種形狀，這些形狀促進(jìn)紊流或有助于控制燃燒。,II. Text Explanation,a great variety of adj.多種,各種,多種多樣的 We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information. 我們將求助于多種資料來源。,II. Text Explanation,Classification of piston top,To avoid misplacing the rod caps during assembly, the connecting rods and their mating caps are marked on one side with serial numbers, starting with the first rod from the radiator, to identify their location in the engine. 譯文：為了避免裝配錯(cuò)誤，從散熱器的一側(cè)為開始，在連桿以及與其相配的連桿蓋的一