07考研英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)班 104P

1、07考研英語 翻譯基礎(chǔ)班 唐啟明,關(guān)于翻譯基礎(chǔ)班,1并非考研翻譯真題強(qiáng)化班. 2為強(qiáng)化班打基礎(chǔ),培養(yǎng)技能和敏感性. 快速切分意群；理順意群邏輯關(guān)系； 準(zhǔn)確選詞； 快速理順漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu) 3意義：不解決基礎(chǔ)問題, 無法養(yǎng)成良好的做題習(xí)慣，就無法從容面對(duì)真題.,考研翻譯基本要求,忠實(shí)；準(zhǔn)確。 對(duì)漢語要求不高，但不能翻成Engnese（洋鬼子漢語）。 Engnese例句：這并不是說面包師或賣肉者所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理和工作方式上存在差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計(jì)量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。,近幾年通用評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),1.如果句子譯文扭曲原文意思，該句得分最多不得超過0.

2、5分。 2.如果某考生給出兩種或兩種以上的譯法，若均正確，給分；若其中一種譯法錯(cuò)誤，按錯(cuò)誤處扣分。 3.漢語錯(cuò)別字，不個(gè)別扣分，按整篇累計(jì)扣分。在不影響意思的前提下，酌情扣分。,翻譯四步走 翻譯步驟和基本思路,第一步 通讀理解原文,1、全部首句 2、長段尾句 3、全文尾句 4、劃線句子 5、劃線前后句 （時(shí)間：3分鐘）,第二步 理解分拆原句,分拆原句意群, 劃出主干意群。 注意事項(xiàng)：一眼就能看明白的所有單位算作一個(gè)意群。 比如介詞短語，短句等。 詳細(xì)講解請(qǐng)參考長難句講義部分,有關(guān)主干意群,不管簡單句還是復(fù)合句，都要確定主干意群，而主干的意群往往是通過理順?biāo)幸馊海詈笕ブθト~獲得的。 兩類核心

3、主干：主謂賓或主系表,例句,Many things lead people to the assumption/ that artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:/ artists only job is to explore human beings emotions, / and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.,小提示：切割意群的基本要求,意群單位:可以是整句,可以是短語 特殊情況：think,assume,believe等動(dòng)詞與賓語從句之間通常需開刀。 Y? 賓

4、語從句一般較長;這樣切,加逗號(hào),方便翻譯成漢語. 不能隨意切割,必須找到切割的節(jié)點(diǎn). 切割的根本要求是為了直譯方便, 需要看一眼就能快速翻譯出來.,第三步直譯切分意群,直譯兩個(gè)要求,1、直譯要直接 看到英語之后的第一反應(yīng)。 以意群為單位，并非逐字對(duì)譯 How are you? How old are you? 此階段不必咬文嚼字。,怎么,是,你,怎么,是,你,老,2、必須豎排寫出譯出的漢語 這樣可以快速理順意群關(guān)系，便于精確理解，準(zhǔn)確快速理順漢語意群。,例句直譯樣板,很多東西使人們認(rèn)為/ 藝術(shù)家很古怪,最古怪的可能是這個(gè)/ 藝術(shù)家的唯一工作就是探索人類的情感/ 而他們選擇去把注意力集中在那些感

5、覺不好的情感。,直譯時(shí)需注意的事項(xiàng),提防語義陷阱，避免低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤, 重點(diǎn)注意一詞多義和易產(chǎn)生歧義的意群。 例如：,The fridge has been considered a necessity/ since the 1960s/ when packaged food first appeared with the label:/ “store in the refrigerator.” In my fridgeless fifties childhood,/ I was fed well and healthily.,It was no denying/ that refrigeratio

6、n did effectively promote the marketing of the dead bodies of animals/ around the globe/ in search of a good price. 動(dòng)物的尸體?還是 肉食?,The Disney cartoon figures do not pose its national identity to children. For instance, to a French child Mickey is French, while to an Italian kid he is Italian.,第四步、潤色、調(diào)

7、序、成文,要求,1、選詞要準(zhǔn)確 2、結(jié)構(gòu)要合理 最根本的要求 翻譯出的句子要體現(xiàn)愛國精神。 參考講義長難句解析練習(xí)P19P33，對(duì)比直譯意群與最終翻譯版.,語序調(diào)整補(bǔ)充例子,be sound in mind and body 身心健康 you，he and I 你我他 back and forth 前前后后，來來回回,漢語詞匯潤色,基本要求：符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,The most powerful mass medium was the church,/ which reminded worshippers / that their souls were in great peril/ and t

8、hat they would someday be meat for worms. 崇拜者？變成蟲子的肉？ 信徒；成為蟲豸的美食（ x化為塵埃）,翻譯技巧精講+補(bǔ)充例句 (講義P3P6),一、增補(bǔ)法 （補(bǔ)充例子） While not exactly a top selling book, The History and Geography of Human Genes is an extraordinary collection of research in population genetics 人類基因的歷史與地理？還是譯為 歷史發(fā)展與地理分布？,The already grave loc

9、al situation was further worsened by the uncertainties triggered by the new military intervention. 不確定因素,增補(bǔ)法重復(fù),Greed is the mother of self-destruction as well as of evil. 貪婪是自我毀滅的根源，也是罪惡的根源 。,二、刪減法,基本要求： 不能遺漏英語原句關(guān)鍵信息 但在萬不得已的情況下需要放棄個(gè)別不理解、沒把握的單詞.,補(bǔ)充例子 介詞省略 The product is good in quality and low in pri

10、ce 這種產(chǎn)品物美價(jià)廉。(省略in) Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共場(chǎng)所不許吸煙。,應(yīng)翻成“禁止”,三、反譯法,This 65-word-long sentence is beyond my comprehension. 這句話65個(gè)單詞，我理解不了。,He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children 他衣服沒脫就跳入水中,把孩子救了上來。,The signal was shown about the equipment being in order. 信號(hào)表明設(shè)備

11、沒有毛病。,難度較大的,He had listened to my lectures on the radio, and before he saw me, he expected to meet an old man. 盼望遇到一位老人? 預(yù)料會(huì)看到的是一位老人. 他沒想到我會(huì)這么年輕.,四、被動(dòng)的翻譯技巧應(yīng)用,被動(dòng)-主動(dòng),Self-discipline is required to avoid ignoring important uncertainties, decisions, or compromises. 需要自律來避免忽視那些重要的不確定性因素、決策或妥協(xié)讓步。,被動(dòng)翻譯技巧-補(bǔ)

12、充實(shí)際主語,Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, 人們常說: “電視使人了解實(shí)事,”,It is generally accepted that/ childrens characters and later personalities are largely determined / by their experiences in their first years. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，孩子的性格和以后的個(gè)性主要是由出生后幾年的生活經(jīng)歷決定的。,The problem will not be

13、solved effectively, unless regulations are made. 除非制定規(guī)則，否則問題不會(huì)得以有效解決。,五、?？茧y點(diǎn)短語翻譯技巧 (講義P5補(bǔ)充) 【多為英語與漢語語義結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)稱】,1. nothing but,The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. 科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式,1). be likely to be affected by

14、 sth especially sth bad or unpleasant 相當(dāng)于“容易遭受.”和“容易受.影響” Obese people are easily subject to heart attacks. 肥胖者易患心臟病。,2. subject to,2). be dependent on sth. in order to be completed or agreed， 核心意思“取決于”和“視而定”。 The article is ready to publish, subject to your approval. 征得你的同意,這篇文章就可以發(fā)表.,3.Cause to un

15、dergo/experience使.遭受/經(jīng)受，使.經(jīng)歷 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,/ thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 此外，人類有能力改變自己居住的環(huán)境，這樣就使得其它形式的生命服從于人類自己的獨(dú)特想法和想象。,英語難詞翻譯補(bǔ)充,詞義難以確定的?？紗卧~ 原因： 1、英漢詞義結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)稱，英漢語 單詞并非總是一一對(duì)應(yīng)。 2、所掌握的漢語解

16、釋過于簡單。,3. 詞義需要引申。 詞典漢語解釋在句子里經(jīng)常詞不達(dá)意. 我們直譯時(shí)【比如長難句課程里的直譯的半成品句子】不進(jìn)行詞義的推敲，直接選的漢語詞匯經(jīng)常會(huì)造成這種情況。,initiative,adj.起始的,初步的,創(chuàng)始的 n. 主動(dòng)，主動(dòng)權(quán) Take legislative initiative 采取法律主動(dòng)？ 主動(dòng)采取法律措施,overwhelming,adj. 壓倒一切的，勢(shì)不可擋的 They won the game by an overwhelming superior. The overwhelming majority of these supporters protest

17、ed that 在這兩個(gè)例句里應(yīng)翻做什么？ “絕對(duì)”！,Until的譯法 until用在肯定句,謂語動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如stand, stay, wait等,表示主句動(dòng)作終止的時(shí)間。 但具體翻譯時(shí)，我們不總是翻成“直到”，而是根據(jù)句子邏輯含義靈活處理。有時(shí)要翻成除非。 The machine would be rather dangerous until it is properly operated.,Otherwise In another way; differently:以另外的方式;不同地 She thought otherwise. 她有另一方面的考慮,In other res

18、pects: 在其他方面 A paralyzed but otherwise healthy person. 殘疾但其它方面健康的人,更多?？茧y詞請(qǐng)于暑期關(guān)注啟明網(wǎng)更新。用于暑期和秋季強(qiáng)化階段的復(fù)習(xí)參考。,翻譯基本技能綜合練習(xí),1、各種基本技能反復(fù)練習(xí)，熟能生巧。 2、課外翻譯練習(xí)資料訪問 考研英語區(qū)。,綜合練習(xí) 1,1) The Euro Disney Corporation,/ acknowledging that its elaborate theme park had not performed as strongly as expected,/ announced Thursday

19、that/ it would sustain a net financial loss of unpredictable scale in its first financial year,歐洲迪斯尼公司/ 承認(rèn)它精心準(zhǔn)備的主題公園表現(xiàn)沒有預(yù)料的那樣好/ 星期四宣布/ 它可能在第一個(gè)財(cái)政年維持一個(gè)規(guī)模無法估計(jì)的凈財(cái)政損失/,2) But since then the park has been hit by a number of problems 但從此之后，這個(gè)主題公園一直被許多問題打擊。,3) It added that/ the amount of the loss will depe

20、nd on attendance and hotel use rates/ achieved during the remaining portion of the critical European summer vacation period,它補(bǔ)充說/ 損失的數(shù)量將取決于參加者(到場(chǎng)者)和酒店使用率/ 在關(guān)鍵的歐洲暑假期間剩余部分里獲得的,4) The announcement amounted to an extraordinary reversal for Euro Disney, / which opened/ amid immense celebration and widesp

21、read predictions of immediate success.,這個(gè)聲明等于是歐洲迪斯尼的一個(gè)異常的逆轉(zhuǎn)/ 迪斯尼開張/ 在巨大的慶祝和對(duì)立即成功的廣泛預(yù)測(cè),5) Mr.Forsgren,/ the chief financial officer,/ said he thought the market had reacted a bit emotionally to preliminary information, / adding that “by all objective standards the park is very successful and the rest

22、 is just details.”,Forsgren先生/ 首席財(cái)政官？（財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)）/ 說他認(rèn)為市場(chǎng)對(duì)初期信息反應(yīng)有點(diǎn)情緒化 補(bǔ)充說: “按照所有客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，這個(gè)公園非常成功，其余的都是細(xì)節(jié)”,6)The company said that/3.6 million people had visited the park from April 12 to July 22, /a performance superior to that of comparable start-up periods at other Disney theme parks, /but it warned that

23、,/ given the likely strong seasonal variation in attendance, /it was not possible to predict future attendance or profits,公司說 從4月12日到7月22日，360萬人游覽了這個(gè)主題公園/ 表現(xiàn)好于其它迪斯尼主題公園可比較的開業(yè)初期/ 但它警告/ 考慮到游客數(shù)量可能有強(qiáng)烈的季節(jié)變化/ 不可能預(yù)測(cè)未來的游客數(shù)量和盈利。,7)Clearly, costs have been geared to a revenue level / that has not been achieve

24、d, / and the company is beginning to drop hotel prices/ that have been widely described as excessive,很清楚，成本一直被調(diào)整到一個(gè)收入水平/ 從來沒有達(dá)到的/ 公司正開始降低酒店價(jià)格/ 一直被廣泛描述為過高的,8)Mr. Forsgren said / the number of staff, now at 17,000, would “come down significantly in the next two months,/ mainly through the loss of empl

25、oyees, /who worked on a temporary basis.”,Forsgren先生說/ 員工人數(shù),現(xiàn)為17,000人，今后兩個(gè)月內(nèi)/ 數(shù)量會(huì)顯著下降，主要通過員工/ 他們屬于臨時(shí)工 注:【修改講義內(nèi)的最終翻譯版】,綜合練習(xí)2,1)It is a popular myth /that great geniuses the Einsteins, Picassos and Mozarts of this world spring up out of nowhere / as if touched by the finger of God.,神話？還是說法？,2)The mode

26、l is Karl Friedrich Gauss, supposedly born into a family of manual workers, who grew up to become the father of modern mathematics.,3) A professor who studies early learning has attacked this myth,/ saying that when he looked into the childhood of these geniuses,/ he discovered there was a pattern o

27、f very early stimulation by a parent or teacher figure.,4)There is plenty of evidence that,/ too often, pressure from parents results in children suffering fatigue rather than becoming geniuses.,5)Supportive parents were those/ who would go out of their way to help their children follow their favori

28、te interests,/ praised whatever level of achievement resulted/ and generally created a pleasant home governed by clear rules,6)Stimulating parents were more actively involved in what their children did, / steering them towards certain fields / and pushing them to work hard, often acting as a tutor,7

29、)The result was that/ the children/ whose parents were simply supportive/ were happier than average/ but were not particularly intense in their concentration/ when studying or working on something,8)Children / whose parents were stimulating without being supportive/ were candidates for fatigue,9)One

30、 reason/ why prodigies such as Picasso and Einstein had a head start in life/ was that they had parents/ who demonstrated how to think about subjects like art or physics at a very early age,10)It is the time/ spent in the conversation/ as well as the way in which a parents talks/ that count,11)One r

31、esearcher is attempting to show this experimentally with a study/ in which groups of parents are taught how to have beneficial conversations with their small children,12)He says/ these children have an advantage over their peer group in language ability, intellectual ability, and even social leaders

32、hip skills,13)The most significant implication would seem to be that/ while most people are in a good position to fulfill their biological potential/ barring serious illnesses or a poor diet during childhood / it is far from certain that/ they will grow up in an environment where that capacity will

33、be developed.,綜合練習(xí) 3 （課后補(bǔ)充）,What is the most valuable contribution employees make to their companies, knowledge or judgment? I say judgment. Knowledge, no matter how broad, is useless until it is applied. And application takes judgment, which involves something of a sixth sense a high performance of

34、 the mind.,員工對(duì)公司最有價(jià)值的貢獻(xiàn)是什么，是知識(shí)還是判斷力？ 我說是判斷力。不管知識(shí)面有多寬，除非得到應(yīng)用，否則毫無用處。而知識(shí)的應(yīng)用需要判斷力，判斷力涉及某種第六感是人思維的高度運(yùn)用。,This raises interesting questions about the best training for todays business people. As Daniel Goleman suggests in his new book, Emotional Intelligence, the latest scientific findings seem to indicat

35、e that intelligent but inflexible people dont have the right stuff in an age when the adaptive ability is the key to survival.,這就提出了現(xiàn)今關(guān)于企業(yè)界(商界)人士最佳培訓(xùn)課程的有趣問題。正如丹尼爾戈?duì)柭谒男聲楦兄橇χ兴f，最新的科研結(jié)果似乎表明，在一個(gè)適應(yīng)能力是生存關(guān)鍵的年代，聰明但缺乏靈活性的人并不具備這種正確的東西。,In a recent cover story, Time magazine sorted through the current think

36、ing on intelligence and reported, New brain research suggests that emotions, not IQ, may be the true measure of human intelligence.,時(shí)代周刊最近的封面故事列舉了關(guān)于智能的一些觀點(diǎn)(看法)，報(bào)道說，“新的大腦研究表明，情感，而不是智商，可能是衡量人的智能的真正尺度。,The basic significance of the emotional intelligence that Time called EQ was suggested by management

37、expert Karen Boylston: Customers are telling businesses, I dont care if every member of your staff graduated from Harvard. I will take my business and go where I am understood and treated with respect.,時(shí)代周刊稱之為“情商”的情感智能的根本意義，在企業(yè)管理專家凱倫波爾斯頓的話中可見一斑： “顧客對(duì)企業(yè)說：我可不在乎你的每個(gè)員工是否都畢業(yè)于哈佛， 我只愿與能理解我、尊重我的企業(yè)打交道。,If th

38、e evolutionary pressures of the marketplace are making EQ, not IQ, the hot ticket for business success, it seems likely that individuals will want to know how to cultivate it. I have a modest proposal: Embrace a highly personal practice aimed at improving these four adaptive skills:,如果市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展所造成的壓力使得情

39、商，而不是智商，成為企業(yè)走向成功的通行證/金鑰匙，那么，人們似乎很可能希望懂得如何培養(yǎng)情商。我有個(gè)小小的建議：積極進(jìn)行自我訓(xùn)練，努力提高以下四項(xiàng)適應(yīng)性技能：,Raising consciousness. I think of this as thinking differently on purpose. Its about noticing what you are feeling and thinking and escaping the conditioned conditioned confines of your past. Raise your consciousness by catching yourself in the act of thinking as often as possible.,增強(qiáng)意識(shí)。我把這看作是有意從不同角度進(jìn)行思考（思考時(shí)有意識(shí)獨(dú)辟蹊徑）。 這是指注意自己感受到什么，在想什么，擺脫過去帶給自己的種種限制。 盡可能多地注意到思考時(shí)的自己，以此來提高意識(shí)水平。,Using imagery. This i