現(xiàn)在分詞課件.ppt

1、Grammar and usage,Unit 2,Learning aims(學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)): 1.Grasp the definition(定義) of V-ing 2.Grasp the tenses(時態(tài)) and voices(語態(tài)) of V-ing 3.Grasp the function(功能) of V-ing.,一、動詞的 ing 形式概念 動詞的 ing 形式包括兩種: 動名詞(具有名詞特征) 具有名詞特征 可作_，_，_，_ 現(xiàn)在分詞 具有形容詞和副詞特征 可作_、_、_、_,主語 賓語 表語 定語,定語 補(bǔ)足語 表語 狀語,二、時態(tài)和語態(tài),doing,being done,

2、having done,having been done,現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式： not doing,2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,1. a running man,3. The man running fastest got the first place.,三、現(xiàn)在分詞的語法功能 1: Attribute,4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,小 結(jié):,1、V-ing形式作定語可表示動作_（如例1、2）或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯_動關(guān)系（如例3）。,2、單個

3、V-ing詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于 名詞之_（如例1）； V-ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之_ （如例2、3）， 此時相當(dāng)于一個_從句（如例4）。,正在進(jìn)行,主,前,后,定語,The people sitting behind us are teachers,The expert coming from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.,=The people who are sitting behind us are teachers.,=The expert who comes from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.,

4、Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.,(1) a swimming man,(2) a swimming pool,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,(2) a walking man,(1) a walking stick,=a stick for walking,= a man who is walking,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,注意： 動名詞用來說明用途，和被修飾的名詞在邏 輯上_主謂關(guān)系，不可以擴(kuò)為

5、定語從句。 動名詞作定語只能放在被修飾的名詞的_面。 如： .There was only one fishing boat on the river (a fishing boat=a boat used for fishing),無,前,Your journey in Kenya is really exciting. What you did was disappointing. The nightmare I had last night was very frightening.,總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語的屬性和特征,相當(dāng)于_,其主語通常是物.,2: Predicative,

6、形容詞,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,3.Object Complement:,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,常見的兩類接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞： 感官動詞： 使役動詞： 等。,see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe , notice,look at,listen to等。,have

7、,keep, catch,leave,特殊的兩個區(qū)別： 1).現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞：動作正在 。 不定式： 動作的 。 試比較： 1. I heard her singing a song just now. 2. I heard her sing a song just now.,(正在進(jìn)行的動作),(聽見全過程),進(jìn)行,全過程,2). 現(xiàn)在分詞被動式與過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞： 主動， 動作正在進(jìn)行。 過去分詞： 被動， 動作已經(jīng)完成。 試比較： 1. I saw him being taken away. 我看到他正被人帶走。 2. I saw him

8、taken away. 我看到他被帶走了。,(正在進(jìn)行),(完成),1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year. 2. I often see my teacher _(run) on the playground. 3. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.,Practice,living,run,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in

9、 its proper form.,disappointing,4. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 5. They asked me (thank) your mother. 6. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.,forcing,to thank,shocking,4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 1). 作時間狀語,相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句 (常同連詞when, whenever, while, once, until等連用) Hearing t

10、he bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. Having received his letter, I decided to write back.,=After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.,2).作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。 Being a student, I must work hard.,Being so angry, he couldnt go to slee

11、p.,=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,=Because I am a student, I must work hard.,=Because he didnt know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.,Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.,3. 作條件狀語,相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句 Working hard, you will succeed.,Putting more s

12、alt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,=If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,=If you work hard, you will succeed.,4. 作伴隨狀語,相當(dāng)于并列句 They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.,5. 作結(jié)果狀語 His father died, leaving him lots of money.,=They sang and laugh

13、ed; they came into the classroom.,注意:,V-ing有其完成式_, 表示分 詞動作發(fā)生于主句動作之_。 V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之_。 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語同主句的主 語_且有邏輯_關(guān)系，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換 為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。,having done,前,前,一致 主動,1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in i

14、t. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening ne

15、wspaper when a dog started barking.,動詞的 ing 形式包括兩種 動名詞(具有名詞特征) 具有名詞特征 可作_，_，_，_ 現(xiàn)在分詞 具有形容詞和副詞特征 可作_、_、_、_,主語 賓語 表語 定語,狀語 補(bǔ)足語 表語 定語,doing,having done,being done,having been done,形 式,意 義,該動詞所表達(dá)的動作與句中謂語動詞所表達(dá)的動作同時發(fā)生。,該動詞所表達(dá)的動作先于句中謂語動詞所表達(dá)的動作。,該動詞所表達(dá)的動作與句中謂語動詞所表達(dá)的動作同時發(fā)生，且表被動。通常用作原因狀語。,該動詞所表達(dá)的動作先于句中謂語動詞所表達(dá)

16、的動作，該動詞與句子主語為被動關(guān)系； 。,解題步驟： 1.判斷是否為非謂語動詞 2 .與邏輯主語的關(guān)系 3 .與謂語動詞的先后關(guān)系,非謂語動詞的用法是一個系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強(qiáng)的語言點(diǎn)。 真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語動詞的用法要具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識： 、具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識，要分清簡單句與復(fù)合句，陳述句與祈使句的區(qū)別 、具有簡單句最基本的五種句型的知識，要分清雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語的區(qū)別 、具有扎實(shí)而豐富的動詞知識，要分清及物和不及物動詞，雙賓動詞和復(fù)賓動詞的區(qū)別。一些最基礎(chǔ)最常用的動詞的用法要爛熟于胸 、具備各種復(fù)合句的知識，能夠拆析詞左右長度的復(fù)合句和長難句,考點(diǎn)解析： 非謂語動詞是高考的一個熱點(diǎn),V-ing 常考的形

17、式有以下幾點(diǎn)： 一 、時態(tài)與語態(tài)（完成時態(tài)的主動、被動形式） 二、結(jié)果狀語（自然而然的結(jié)果），時間狀語 三、被動形式作定語；被動形式跟在介詞后作賓語 四、否定時not的位置 五、在問句中作主語進(jìn)行回答,考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語動詞。解析：該空，分詞短語作時間狀語，其邏輯主語Dina與struggle為主動關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由劇中的finally可知非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動式。,（10湖南） 26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position

18、 at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle,(08陜西卷)14. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show,答案：C。我們是被帶領(lǐng)參觀的因此是被動語態(tài)。先參觀水立方后去看鳥巢所以時態(tài)是完成時

19、態(tài),句意：南方下了大雨，在幾個省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主語it和cause之間存在主動關(guān)系，所以此處要用動詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語。答案：C.,（10天津） 12. It rained heavily in the south，serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause,考點(diǎn)：考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語及動詞不定式的否定式。解析：句中l(wèi)isten和try not to miss為

20、同時進(jìn)行的動作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式做伴隨狀語。又動詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故選B。,（10四川） 17The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any point Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try,答案：選A. enabling 表示他在捐獻(xiàn)后的（自然）結(jié)果,（10江蘇） 28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu

21、,_the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled,Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause 2. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

22、,Exercise,3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him,4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. There was terrible noise _ the sudden