現(xiàn)在分詞課件.ppt

1、Grammar and usage,Unit 2,Learning aims(學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)): 1.Grasp the definition(定義) of V-ing 2.Grasp the tenses(時(shí)態(tài)) and voices(語(yǔ)態(tài)) of V-ing 3.Grasp the function(功能) of V-ing.,一、動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式概念 動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式包括兩種: 動(dòng)名詞(具有名詞特征) 具有名詞特征 可作_，_，_，_ 現(xiàn)在分詞 具有形容詞和副詞特征 可作_、_、_、_,主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ),定語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ),二、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),doing,being done,

2、having done,having been done,現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式： not doing,2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,1. a running man,3. The man running fastest got the first place.,三、現(xiàn)在分詞的語(yǔ)法功能 1: Attribute,4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,小 結(jié):,1、V-ing形式作定語(yǔ)可表示動(dòng)作_（如例1、2）或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯_動(dòng)關(guān)系（如例3）。,2、單個(gè)

3、V-ing詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞一般置于 名詞之_（如例1）； V-ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之_ （如例2、3）， 此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_從句（如例4）。,正在進(jìn)行,主,前,后,定語(yǔ),The people sitting behind us are teachers,The expert coming from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.,=The people who are sitting behind us are teachers.,=The expert who comes from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.,

4、Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.,(1) a swimming man,(2) a swimming pool,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,(2) a walking man,(1) a walking stick,=a stick for walking,= a man who is walking,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,注意： 動(dòng)名詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明用途，和被修飾的名詞在邏 輯上_主謂關(guān)系，不可以擴(kuò)為

5、定語(yǔ)從句。 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)只能放在被修飾的名詞的_面。 如： .There was only one fishing boat on the river (a fishing boat=a boat used for fishing),無(wú),前,Your journey in Kenya is really exciting. What you did was disappointing. The nightmare I had last night was very frightening.,總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)的屬性和特征,相當(dāng)于_,其主語(yǔ)通常是物.,2: Predicative,

6、形容詞,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,3.Object Complement:,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,常見(jiàn)的兩類接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞： 感官動(dòng)詞： 使役動(dòng)詞： 等。,see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe , notice,look at,listen to等。,have

7、,keep, catch,leave,特殊的兩個(gè)區(qū)別： 1).現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞：動(dòng)作正在 。 不定式： 動(dòng)作的 。 試比較： 1. I heard her singing a song just now. 2. I heard her sing a song just now.,(正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作),(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)全過(guò)程),進(jìn)行,全過(guò)程,2). 現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞： 主動(dòng)， 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 過(guò)去分詞： 被動(dòng)， 動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。 試比較： 1. I saw him being taken away. 我看到他正被人帶走。 2. I saw him

8、taken away. 我看到他被帶走了。,(正在進(jìn)行),(完成),1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year. 2. I often see my teacher _(run) on the playground. 3. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.,Practice,living,run,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in

9、 its proper form.,disappointing,4. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 5. They asked me (thank) your mother. 6. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.,forcing,to thank,shocking,4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 1). 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 (常同連詞when, whenever, while, once, until等連用) Hearing t

10、he bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. Having received his letter, I decided to write back.,=After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.,2).作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Being a student, I must work hard.,Being so angry, he couldnt go to slee

11、p.,=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,=Because I am a student, I must work hard.,=Because he didnt know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.,Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.,3. 作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 Working hard, you will succeed.,Putting more s

12、alt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,=If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,=If you work hard, you will succeed.,4. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于并列句 They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.,5. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) His father died, leaving him lots of money.,=They sang and laugh

13、ed; they came into the classroom.,注意:,V-ing有其完成式_, 表示分 詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之_。 V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之_。 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)同主句的主 語(yǔ)_且有邏輯_關(guān)系，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換 為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。,having done,前,前,一致 主動(dòng),1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in i

14、t. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening ne

15、wspaper when a dog started barking.,動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式包括兩種 動(dòng)名詞(具有名詞特征) 具有名詞特征 可作_，_，_，_ 現(xiàn)在分詞 具有形容詞和副詞特征 可作_、_、_、_,主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ),doing,having done,being done,having been done,形 式,意 義,該動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。,該動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作。,該動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且表被動(dòng)。通常用作原因狀語(yǔ)。,該動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)

16、的動(dòng)作，該動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系； 。,解題步驟： 1.判斷是否為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 2 .與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系 3 .與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)。 真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法要具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)： 、具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)，要分清簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句，陳述句與祈使句的區(qū)別 、具有簡(jiǎn)單句最基本的五種句型的知識(shí)，要分清雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 、具有扎實(shí)而豐富的動(dòng)詞知識(shí)，要分清及物和不及物動(dòng)詞，雙賓動(dòng)詞和復(fù)賓動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。一些最基礎(chǔ)最常用的動(dòng)詞的用法要爛熟于胸 、具備各種復(fù)合句的知識(shí)，能夠拆析詞左右長(zhǎng)度的復(fù)合句和長(zhǎng)難句,考點(diǎn)解析： 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),V-ing ?？嫉男?/p>

17、式有以下幾點(diǎn)： 一 、時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)（完成時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)形式） 二、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)（自然而然的結(jié)果），時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 三、被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)；被動(dòng)形式跟在介詞后作賓語(yǔ) 四、否定時(shí)not的位置 五、在問(wèn)句中作主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行回答,考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。解析：該空，分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)Dina與struggle為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由劇中的finally可知非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式。,（10湖南） 26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position

18、 at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle,(08陜西卷)14. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show,答案：C。我們是被帶領(lǐng)參觀的因此是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。先參觀水立方后去看鳥(niǎo)巢所以時(shí)態(tài)是完成時(shí)

19、態(tài),句意：南方下了大雨，在幾個(gè)省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主語(yǔ)it和cause之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。答案：C.,（10天津） 12. It rained heavily in the south，serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause,考點(diǎn)：考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式。解析：句中l(wèi)isten和try not to miss為

20、同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。又動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故選B。,（10四川） 17The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any point Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try,答案：選A. enabling 表示他在捐獻(xiàn)后的（自然）結(jié)果,（10江蘇） 28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu

21、,_the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled,Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause 2. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

22、,Exercise,3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him,4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. There was terrible noise _ the sudden