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1、,閱讀理解技巧,閱讀理解: 快速閱讀 仔細(xì)閱讀 選詞填空(15選10)簡(jiǎn)答題,文章類(lèi)型:記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文,難點(diǎn):1 詞匯 2 文體 3 長(zhǎng)句 語(yǔ)法,快速閱讀,1、題型與思路: A 單選題/判斷題 B 填空題,、閱讀能力 A 準(zhǔn)確把握關(guān)鍵詞 B 跳讀 C 略讀,快速閱讀,關(guān)鍵詞:提示原文信息的詞和詞組。其優(yōu)先順序?yàn)椋?1. 時(shí)間數(shù)字 2. 專(zhuān)有名詞或者 引號(hào)內(nèi)的詞 3. 形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)、比較級(jí)等 單選題:略讀全文,尤其是開(kāi)頭一段,各大小標(biāo)題,了解文章的中心和文章整體的布局。出題者常以依次而下的順序出題,而且每題基本都是細(xì)節(jié)題,分別對(duì)應(yīng)文章一段,可以采用關(guān)鍵詞定位的方法。,判斷題:如何

2、區(qū)分F/NG:看主、謂、賓 如原句中的主謂賓在題干中都出現(xiàn)了,但其他成分有差異,則F;如缺失主謂賓的一部分,則NG. 填空題:就是根據(jù)文中的信息將句子補(bǔ)充完整。填空題的題干是一個(gè)殘缺句,而所殘缺的部分必定在原句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。因此,考生在備考過(guò)程中可以三步走:一是分析題干,查找缺少的成分,二是利用題干關(guān)鍵詞在文中定位答案的所在范圍,三是結(jié)合題干,填入符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的成分,抄原文、但必須是精華,使句子完整并忠實(shí)于原文。,選詞填空(15選10),選詞填空這道題的難度比較高,預(yù)計(jì)同學(xué)會(huì)在這道題拿到一半的分?jǐn)?shù),每年考試文章各異,但是依然需要按照三步法則來(lái)進(jìn)行破解:首先對(duì)給定的單詞按詞性進(jìn)行分類(lèi);(

3、15選10只考察4種詞性,分別是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。);其次,看文章時(shí),尤其是遇到空格時(shí),首先要去判斷空格詞的詞性; 最后,分析上下文邏輯關(guān)系,以近一步減小搜尋范圍; 注意:最熟悉的詞先填上;不確定的填兩項(xiàng)相同的。,簡(jiǎn)答題,答案一般在10個(gè)單詞之內(nèi) 不可抄原文原句 要看出回答部分是詞、詞組還是句子 不能答錯(cuò)一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(滿(mǎn)分或零分) 常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤: 大小寫(xiě) 題干與原文的單復(fù)數(shù) 當(dāng)心題干的時(shí)態(tài) 可數(shù)名詞前必加冠詞或變復(fù)數(shù),精細(xì)閱讀問(wèn)題分類(lèi) 閱讀的問(wèn)題基本上分為五大類(lèi): 1.主旨題(又稱(chēng)中心思想題): 這類(lèi)題基本上是問(wèn)main idea, 或best title是什么;也可以問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)此文章的pu

4、rpose何在;或問(wèn)此文的conclusion可總結(jié)為什么。碰到這類(lèi)題最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是把文中每段的首句串起來(lái)考慮。若是僅問(wèn)其中某一段的中心思想為何,則可將該段的首、尾句加起來(lái)考慮。,2.詞匯題(又稱(chēng)詞語(yǔ)釋義題): 這類(lèi)題常問(wèn)考生一些不認(rèn)識(shí)、從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的一些生詞或詞組的意思是什么。解題技巧為參考上、下文,尤其是下文。因?yàn)橄挛某3J菍?duì)該詞的解釋、說(shuō)明、舉例等等。,3.作者態(tài)度題:常問(wèn)作者對(duì)某事是什么態(tài)度:主觀(guān)(subjective)還是客觀(guān)(objective) ;肯定(positive)還是否定(negative) ;贊成(approval)還是反對(duì)(opposition)等等。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作者

5、在文中用了什么樣的口氣。若用褒義詞,顯然是贊成。若用貶義詞,顯然是反對(duì)。若客觀(guān)陳述,則是中性的立場(chǎng),不偏不倚。 注意:作者態(tài)度常常在轉(zhuǎn)折詞后表明出來(lái)。所以,but一詞至關(guān)重要(還有類(lèi)似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等).,4.推理性問(wèn)題:其典型詞有兩個(gè):infer和imply。如:What can you infer from the story? 或What is the implied meaning of this sentence? 切記,推理性問(wèn)題原文中沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案。答案是你自己推想出來(lái)的,但不能憑空瞎想,必須以原文中某句話(huà)或某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)為依

6、據(jù)去合理推測(cè)才能找到合適的答案。,注意:以上四種題型頂多占閱讀理解考試總分的 1/4左右,而其他約30分的題都屬于以下提到的:細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題! 5.細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題:此類(lèi)題占閱讀總分40分中的30分左右,因此十分重要。題干一般who,what, when, where, why, 和how圍繞展開(kāi)。注意,這類(lèi)問(wèn)題與推理性問(wèn)題截然相反,都可以從原文中找到答案,只不過(guò)為了迷惑考生,常常將原文進(jìn)行改寫(xiě),換一種說(shuō)法。所以,照抄原文,一字不改的不一定就是答案,而與原文意思相同的,才是正確的。,仔細(xì)閱讀應(yīng)試方法,一、分析文章結(jié)構(gòu):大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中的閱讀理解文章的體裁主要有三類(lèi):敘述文、說(shuō)明文和議論文。下面我們結(jié)合

7、2000年12月份的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題來(lái)具體說(shuō)明如何利用文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來(lái)達(dá)到閱讀的目的。 1、敘述文:敘述文一般以講述個(gè)人生活經(jīng)歷為主,對(duì)于經(jīng)歷的陳述通常由一定的時(shí)間概念貫穿其中,或順序或倒序。但是四級(jí)考試中一般不出現(xiàn)單純的敘述文,因?yàn)閱渭兊臄⑹鑫谋容^簡(jiǎn)單、易懂。所以四級(jí)考試中的敘述文大多是夾敘夾議的文章。這類(lèi)文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)模式是:,1) 用一段概括性的話(huà)引入要敘述的經(jīng)歷(話(huà)題) 2) 敘述先前的經(jīng)歷(舉例1)及其感悟或發(fā)現(xiàn) 3) 敘述接下來(lái)的經(jīng)歷(舉例2)及其感悟或發(fā)現(xiàn) 4) 做出總結(jié)或結(jié)論,2000年12月四級(jí)考試閱讀理解的第二篇就是這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們可以將其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化為: 1) 總括性的話(huà)

8、: Engineering students are supposed to be example of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. 2) 先前的經(jīng)歷或想法 In high school I wanted to be ,but I didnt chose a college with a large engineering department. 3) 往后的經(jīng)歷 I chose to study engineering

9、at a small liberal-arts university for a broad education.,4) 接下來(lái)的經(jīng)歷 I headed off for sure that I was going to have an advantage over others. 5) 再下來(lái)的經(jīng)歷 Now I am not so sure. I have learned the reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. 6) 結(jié)

10、論 I have realized that the struggle to reconcile the study of engineering and liberal-arts is difficult. 只要理解了這類(lèi)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),解答問(wèn)題就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)文章后的閱讀理解試題大多是和文章的內(nèi)容先后順序一致的細(xì)節(jié)題。,2、說(shuō)明文(描述文) 說(shuō)明文的一般結(jié)構(gòu)模式和敘述文的結(jié)構(gòu)模式有相通之處即:提出問(wèn)題(或以一個(gè)事例引出問(wèn)題)- (專(zhuān)家)發(fā)現(xiàn)直接原因- 分析深層原因-得出結(jié)論或找到出路。 2000年12月四級(jí)考試閱讀理解第三篇就是這樣的一篇文章。 1) Priscilla Ouchuid

11、as energy-efficient house turned out to be a horrible dream. a strange illness. (事例) 2) Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.(直接原因),3) The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,.(深層原因) 4) The problem appears it be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. (得

12、出結(jié)論) 知道了類(lèi)似的文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),就可以據(jù)此來(lái)進(jìn)行考題預(yù)測(cè)。比如,我們看出了該篇文章屬于這種結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型,就能判斷出幾個(gè)問(wèn)題中肯定有一個(gè)要問(wèn)原因,還有可能要出現(xiàn)推斷題。,3、議論文 我們大家最容易辨認(rèn)出來(lái)的議論文模式是主張-反主張模式。在這一模式中,作者首先提出一種普遍認(rèn)可的觀(guān)點(diǎn)或某些人認(rèn)可的主張或觀(guān)點(diǎn),然后進(jìn)行澄清,說(shuō)明自己的主張或觀(guān)點(diǎn),或者說(shuō)提出反主張或真實(shí)情況。1996年1月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解第四篇就是這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。,文章的開(kāi)始提出某college teacher認(rèn)為:High school English teachers are not doing their jobs . 因?yàn)?

13、His students has a bad command of English. 作者的反觀(guān)點(diǎn)是: 1) It is inevitable for one generation to complain the one immediately following it. And it is human nature to look for reasons for our dissatisfaction. 2) The people who criticize the high school teachers are not aware that their language ability

14、has developed through the years. 最后的結(jié)論是:The concern about the decline and fall of the English language is a generation, and is not new and peculiar to todays young people.,議論文的這種結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)決定了它的主要題型是作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題,文章主旨題以及推理判斷題。只要發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),解答問(wèn)題的主要任務(wù)就變成了到段落內(nèi)找答案,基本上不存在任何困難。 通過(guò)研究以上的文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),在四級(jí)考試閱讀理解中無(wú)論任何體裁的文章都遵

15、循著這樣一個(gè)共同的模式:提出話(huà)題(觀(guān)點(diǎn)或事例)-用事例分析原因(或批駁觀(guān)點(diǎn))-得出結(jié)論。,二、把握行文脈絡(luò) 境界較高的閱讀是把注意力集中在作者的思想上,而不是在個(gè)別零碎“單詞”上。比如讀到but的時(shí)候,應(yīng)當(dāng)能“預(yù)見(jiàn)”到下一句意思與上一句相反。能夠捉住作者行文的思路,這樣就能把握全文的脈絡(luò)。,首先要根據(jù)文中的結(jié)構(gòu)詞把握文章的脈絡(luò)。文章按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為順承式文章和轉(zhuǎn)折式文章。 順承式結(jié)構(gòu)指的是前后兩個(gè)部分之間內(nèi)容相近,相輔相成,通常由下列連接詞連接:similarly,first,second,because,thus等等。 轉(zhuǎn)折式結(jié)構(gòu)一般指兩個(gè)部分之間內(nèi)容相反,相互對(duì)立。通常由下列轉(zhuǎn)折詞連接:how

16、ever,yet,but,while,nevertheless等等。 區(qū)分文章是屬于轉(zhuǎn)折式還是順承式,主要看文中是否有轉(zhuǎn)折詞。沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折詞則為順承式結(jié)構(gòu),有轉(zhuǎn)折詞則為轉(zhuǎn)折式結(jié)構(gòu)。只要看到轉(zhuǎn)折詞,就可斷定前后兩部分的內(nèi)容是相反的。,三、 巧妙繞開(kāi)生詞: 1、英語(yǔ)文章中不是所有的詞的功能都是同等的,有些詞擔(dān)負(fù)著傳達(dá)主要信息的功能,而有些詞主要起語(yǔ)法作用或者它所傳達(dá)的信息和下文的其他信息沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。這類(lèi)詞有:表示人名,地名,機(jī)構(gòu)名等專(zhuān)有名詞。遇到這些詞,只要我們能辨認(rèn)出它是專(zhuān)有名詞,就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中:In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep

17、 specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. 兩個(gè)引號(hào)之間的部分就不必去管它。類(lèi)似的還有: We have to totally change our attitude toward napping, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.,2、我們不用弄清上面某些部分的原

18、因是,它們的后面往往有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明它們的意思。這就引起了我們不用弄懂所有單詞意思的第二個(gè)理由。也就是說(shuō)如果我們對(duì)文章中的某一個(gè)單詞不熟悉,我們還可以根據(jù)同一篇文章中的其他信息來(lái)幫助判斷。這類(lèi)信息有:同位語(yǔ)、下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下詞以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(如破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)都表示解釋和說(shuō)明)等。,四、 抓住句子主干 我們要實(shí)現(xiàn)快速準(zhǔn)確理解文章除了要抓住關(guān)鍵句子外,還要抓住句子當(dāng)中的關(guān)鍵成分。主要是句子的主干,如主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗鼈兪莻鬟_(dá)信息的主要載體,其他成分,不論它有多么長(zhǎng),多么復(fù)雜它都是輔助成分。比如在下面的句子中:Another element in the emerge

19、nce of prodigies(神童),I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我們抓住了Element is society.就可以得知社會(huì)是神童出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)因素。,五、解題順序 作閱讀理解題的解題順序通常有這樣幾種: 三部曲式:先讀文章再做題目拿不準(zhǔn)的再回頭讀文章 此為傳統(tǒng)方法,命中率高,速度慢,效率自然就低。 抓重點(diǎn)式:先讀題目,劃出考點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞;再帶著問(wèn)題讀文章,根據(jù)考點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位,查找解題信息。,感覺(jué)式:不讀文章只做題目。實(shí)際上是“狗

20、急跳墻”的做法??墒侨羰炀氄莆战獾奶卣?,其命中率不一定非常低,我們做過(guò)試驗(yàn),學(xué)生掌握解的特征后,令其只做題目不看文章,結(jié)合生活常識(shí)和其他知識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷,平均命中率在40%左右,遠(yuǎn)高于25%的理論值。有的天才學(xué)生甚至達(dá)到60%左右的命中率。 我們認(rèn)為,這三種方法中第二種比較好,可以在正確率和效率之間達(dá)到最佳平衡。事實(shí)上,根據(jù)考點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位這種方法需稍加訓(xùn)練,高中以上學(xué)生用該方法做25篇左右閱讀理解就比較熟練了。,命題考點(diǎn)及題型,1、列舉處???列舉處指的是First,,second, ,Third, 等逐步列出,并列指的是A、B and C。其共同特點(diǎn)是列出3條或3條以上的條目。后要求考生從列

21、舉出的內(nèi)容中,選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。該考點(diǎn)常出題型是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。 主要有兩種: which題型 該題型要求從并列的三項(xiàng)中選一項(xiàng)作為答案,其他選項(xiàng)與題目無(wú)關(guān)。 except題型 該題型要求考生通過(guò)核對(duì)文章內(nèi),排除滿(mǎn)足文章內(nèi)容的三個(gè)選項(xiàng),留下不符合文章的作為答案。也稱(chēng)為“三缺一”題型。,例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have

22、 to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. Q: Whats the policemans biggest headache? (A) He has to get the most desirable results wit

23、hout breaking the law in any way. (B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases. (C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases. (D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least pos

24、sible expense.,(分析:選A。屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章,與電影中的警察很不相同的是,現(xiàn)實(shí)中警察既要絕對(duì)遵守法(firstly,),又要及時(shí)破案(secondly,),這令他們很難兩頭兼顧,有時(shí)只有犯規(guī)。很明顯,B、C、D三項(xiàng)都與文章內(nèi)容不符。) 在做此類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題時(shí),只要把細(xì)節(jié)考點(diǎn)(firstly,secondly)找到,對(duì)照選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,跟細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)不一致的就不是選項(xiàng)。考生只需細(xì)心一點(diǎn)都能辨清細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí),選對(duì)答案。,2、舉例子打比喻的地方???為了使自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、更加明確,作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方,句中常由as, such as, for example, for instan

25、ce等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子作為舉例句,這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問(wèn)的焦點(diǎn)??忌枳⒁獾氖抢踊虮扔饕话闶呛臀恼禄蚨温渲行木o密相關(guān)的,常以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性題型和推斷性題型出現(xiàn),但偏傾于推斷性題型。,例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into

26、our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Q:Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of _ . (A) decision making (B) drives and feelings (C) growth of reasoning (D) information absorption,(分析:選B項(xiàng)。這屬辯認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題,依據(jù)文章我們知道計(jì)算機(jī)缺少人類(lèi)所具有的動(dòng)機(jī)和情感:computers lack the drives and emotions of l

27、iving creatures,至于動(dòng)機(jī)可以被編入計(jì)算機(jī)程序,那是今后的事,就目前而言計(jì)算機(jī)在動(dòng)機(jī)和情感方面不如人類(lèi)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意??忌灰⒁獾絝or one thing 后面一句話(huà),即可選出。),例2. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquainting with the journalistic interview by virtue of

28、our roles as reader, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. Q: The passage is most like a part of 。 (A)a news article (B) a journalistic interview (C) a

29、research report (D) a preface,(分析:選D項(xiàng)。這屬判斷、推理題??忌诹私馊墓8胖?,要正確地對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容作出判斷,考生關(guān)鍵要看懂文章最后一句話(huà):as this book indicates。由此便推斷正確的答案是D項(xiàng)。),3、引用人物論斷處常考 作者為了正確表達(dá)出自己觀(guān)點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù),常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此作文章。多以推理性題為主,有時(shí)也出細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性題型。,例1There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when theyre 18, and th

30、e truth is far from that,“ says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin.,Q: There was apparently a trend in the USA _ . (A) for young adults to leave their parents and live independently. (B) For middle class young adults to stay with their parents. (C) For married young adults to m

31、ove back home after a lengthy absence. (D) For going adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents.,(分析:選A項(xiàng)。屬推理題。作者引用的這句話(huà)意思是:孩子長(zhǎng)到18歲時(shí)應(yīng)離開(kāi)父母去獨(dú)立生活的概念是沒(méi)有道理的,而事實(shí)情況也并非如此。而題干問(wèn):過(guò)去在美國(guó)顯然有一種什么趨勢(shì)。考生通過(guò)細(xì)心推斷引文,便能選中A項(xiàng):年輕的成年人應(yīng)該離開(kāi)父母而去獨(dú)立生活。),4、轉(zhuǎn)折處與強(qiáng)對(duì)比處???一般而言,轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常是語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn),命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過(guò)howeve

32、r, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。強(qiáng)對(duì)比常由unlike, until, not so muchas等詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)。命題者常對(duì)用來(lái)對(duì)比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。 比如文章中說(shuō)甲具有X屬性,但乙與甲不同,問(wèn)乙有何屬性?答曰:非X屬性。 此類(lèi)考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在邏輯推理型題中,少數(shù)出現(xiàn)于其它題型中。,例1 Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding

33、. Q: It can be conduced from the passage that _ . (分析:這道題屬邏輯推理題,命題者利用unlike進(jìn)行強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比,要求考生推斷出正確結(jié)論。),例2 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are s

34、ofter on attentive defendants(被告)。But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. Q:The author writes this passage to _ . (A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive. (B) Give advice to job-seekers who are attractive. (C) Demand equal rights for women. (D) Emphasize the importan

35、ce of appearance.,(分析:選A項(xiàng)。屬主旨大意類(lèi)題型。前面都是講美給人帶來(lái)的種種好處,用but突然進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折,考生即可推測(cè)出下面要講美給人帶來(lái)的不利方面了。),5、 (指示)代詞出現(xiàn)處常考 這類(lèi)考題 ,常用來(lái)考查考生是否真正理解上下文之間的句際關(guān)系和意義。,6、 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容???由于特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容常是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說(shuō)明, 因此命題者常對(duì)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。具體說(shuō),特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)包括:破折號(hào)(表解釋?zhuān)?,括?hào)(表解釋?zhuān)?,冒?hào)(表解釋?zhuān)?hào)(表引用)。,若針對(duì)舉例子、引用名人言論、特殊符號(hào) ( 如冒號(hào)、引號(hào)、破折號(hào) ) 后內(nèi)容出題 , 可只讀例子、名人言

36、論、符號(hào)前后句內(nèi)容 , 然后與選項(xiàng)對(duì)號(hào)入座。,答題技巧一: 看所考詞匯與全篇文章主題的關(guān)系。關(guān)系相近,符合主題的一般是答案,否則不是。,例題:CET4 1995年6月第2篇 Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely, Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. To keep from losing the forest for the trees, says Charles Garfiel

37、d, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, We must constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont, we should drop them and move to something else.,Q: The word perfectionists Line 1, Para.3.) refers to those who _. A dema

38、nd others to get everything absolutely right B know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do,正確答案是 C perfectionist本義是“完美主義者”,似乎與A和D更接近,但本文主旨,甚至通過(guò)本段也可

39、知,作者反對(duì)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)過(guò)分注意,結(jié)果反倒?fàn)奚舜缶?。而perfectionist正是作者批評(píng)的那類(lèi)人,因而選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是符合作者批判態(tài)度的,因此C是正確的。,選項(xiàng)含義與被考單詞在含義上膚淺相近的一般不是答案。 例題:CET6 1999年6月第18題 We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel visioned in our

40、approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.,Q: The word tunnel visioned (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means_. A narrow minded B blind to the facts C short sighted D abl

41、e to see only one aspect 正確答案是 D 選項(xiàng)A“眼界狹窄的”和選項(xiàng)C“目光短淺的”與“tunnel visioned”含義相近,所以許多考生都誤選了A或C。,答題技巧二: 利用被考詞的修飾、限定成份判斷其含義。這種修飾、限定成份的表現(xiàn)形式多樣,可以是定語(yǔ)、其他修飾語(yǔ)、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(如冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、引號(hào))后面的內(nèi)容、甚至該詞下屬的例子及定義,可以通過(guò)這些表達(dá)從側(cè)面理解被考單詞含義。 定冠詞the+被考詞匯,前句有解。 選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容全面、概括性強(qiáng)的,一般是答案項(xiàng)。,President said, The business of America is business, sti

42、ll point to an important truth today -that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Q: The statement The business of America is business probably means_.,A the business institution in America are concerned with comm

43、erce B business problems are of great importance to the American government C business is of primary concern to Americans D American is a great power in world business,正確答案是 C根據(jù)引號(hào)及其內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分,其后的破折號(hào)必是對(duì)該句的解釋。因此考生不必在原文所引內(nèi)容的兩個(gè)business為何意上絞盡腦汁,只須理解破折號(hào)后內(nèi)容,其意思是:美國(guó)商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)在美國(guó)社會(huì)中享有的威望比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他所有機(jī)構(gòu)都要高。這個(gè)意思與選項(xiàng)

44、 C中的primary concern(頭等大事)相對(duì)應(yīng),故選C。,選項(xiàng)中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng),而同義詞替換的選項(xiàng)一般是答案。 例題:CET4 1997年6月第3篇 Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the constructions codes in L

45、os Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to earthquake.,Q: One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that_. A new computers had been installed in the buildings B it occurred in the

46、 residential rather than on the highways C large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday D improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways,正確答案是 D 在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C項(xiàng)和D都與原文有關(guān)。但C達(dá)似乎照抄原文“the quake occurredon a holiday”,但實(shí)際上是對(duì)原文的曲解。原文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)大多Los Angeles的居民們外出度假了,只是說(shuō)了當(dāng)時(shí)的交通情況

47、。而選項(xiàng)D中的improvement 是對(duì)“change made to the construction codes”的解釋?zhuān)莄hange在該文中的同義替換詞,因此D是正確答案。,選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體,或膚淺地表達(dá)了字面意思的,一般不是答案項(xiàng),而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。,Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences are if the event occurs.

48、 Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Q: What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?,A It is very unlikely but the danger exists. B Such a collision might occur every 25 years. C Collisions smaller asteroi

49、ds with Earth occur more often than expected. D Its still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.,正確答案是 A 依據(jù)節(jié)選文中最后一句可知雖然小行星每 50 萬(wàn)年才撞擊地球一次 , 但此事總是有可能發(fā)生的。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 , 只有 A 項(xiàng) 小行星與地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但這種危險(xiǎn)是存在的 最具概括性。因此 A 項(xiàng)正確。,選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與其他三項(xiàng)有較大差別的 , 可能為答案。 例題:CET4 1996年6月第3篇 Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的termina

50、lly ill patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near.,Q: The need of a dying

51、patient for company shows_. A his desire for communication with other people B his fear of approaching death C his pessimistic attitude towards his condition D his reluctance to part with his family 正確答案是 A,若時(shí)間不充分,在緊急狀態(tài)下,對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比后可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)A內(nèi)容與眾不同,其他三 項(xiàng)均表明了對(duì)死亡來(lái)臨時(shí)悲觀(guān)的心情,如恐懼、悲觀(guān)、不情愿等,只有A表明了渴望與他人交流的意愿。當(dāng)然若時(shí)間充

52、分可對(duì)原文相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析, 以選文第一句為例,其意為:多數(shù)病人想與他人坦誠(chéng)地談?wù)勛约旱穆闊┖屠Щ?。由此可?jiàn),這是一種對(duì)交流的渴望,因而選A。,在議論文中那些符合一般常識(shí)的選項(xiàng),意義深刻富有哲理,符合一般性規(guī)律,屬于普通現(xiàn)象的選項(xiàng)往往是答案項(xiàng)。,細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):(1)與原句內(nèi)容相反;(2)與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同;(3)與原句內(nèi)容相似但過(guò)于絕對(duì)化;(4)原文中根本沒(méi)提到。,英語(yǔ)閱讀理解如何不看文章答題,(一) 答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very,completely, none, hardly等,例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _ .(1995年6月六級(jí)題22) A. the difference b

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