翻譯---分合譯法

1、English College,Chinese-English TranslationLecture 5 Division & Condensation,Lecturer：Echo,Part 1,New Translation Strategy: Division,What is division?,Definition of Division: Picking out words, phrases or clauses and make them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate(并列句) or subord

2、inate(從句).,A Picking Out of Words(拆譯單詞),There are three steps to deal with words: Determine which word(s) to pick out Apply Conversion or Addition, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of Expression.,1將原句中的名詞分譯成

3、單獨的句子,1The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 煙塵滾滾，人聲嘈雜，夜色漸深。一切都處于混亂之中。 2She left home a child and came back a mother of three children. 她離家時還是個孩子，回來時卻已是一位三個孩子的母親了。,2. 將原句中的動詞分譯成單獨的句子,1The town boasts a beautiful lake. 鎮(zhèn)上有一個美麗的湖，人人以此為傲。 2Nowadays environment protectio

4、n has been considered a crucial problem. 如今，人們已經(jīng)認識到，環(huán)境保護是一個至關(guān)重要的問題。,3將原句中的形容詞分譯成單獨的句子,1His announcement got a mixed reaction . 他的聲明引起了反響，有好有壞。 2That guy was the most identifiable fox. 一眼就能看出，那家伙是頭老狐貍。 3Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利屬于少數(shù)派，這是明擺著的事實。,4. 將原句中的副詞分譯成單獨的句子,1He unnecessarily spent a l

5、ot of time introducing this book. 他花了很長時間介紹這本書，其實沒有必要。 2She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她為她高超的烹調(diào)技術(shù)自豪，這是情有可原的。,1將原句中的名詞短語分譯成單獨的句子,原句中的名詞短語、分詞短語、介詞短語等有時都可以分譯成單獨的句子，使得譯文更為流暢，重點更為突出。 1I cannot see my grandfather again, a regretful thing. 我再也不能見到我的祖父了。這是多么遺憾的事。 2The wrong power-line co

6、nnections will damage the motor. 如果把電線接錯，就會損壞電動機.,2將原句中的分詞短語分譯成單獨的句子,分詞短語作狀語和定語是英語語言的一大特色，漢語中卻不存在這樣的情況。因此，在翻譯過程中，通常需要采用分句法將分詞短語分譯成一句單獨的句子。 1Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police. 因為不知該怎么做，我打電話報了警。 2. Liu Xiang broke the Olympic record of 110 metres hurdles set by Allen Johnson in 2004. 200

7、4年，劉翔打破了110欄的奧運記錄。該記錄是由阿蘭約翰遜創(chuàng)造的。,3將原句中的介詞短語分譯成單獨的句子。,1The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 這部機器并不因使用的時間長而性能變差了。（原因狀語從句） 2. He is a man with many grey hairs,with a heavy burden of responsibility, of thoughts and worries. （ ） 他已是長了許多灰發(fā)，肩負重任，心中充滿思考和憂慮的人。 他鬢發(fā)斑白，肩負重任，思緒萬千，焦慮滿懷。,III

8、句子的分譯 1將簡單句分譯成兩個或更多獨立的句子。,1Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明時分，大霧彌漫，細雨蒙蒙。 2It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterfiles coming down can make it. 綠草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩， 這日子是如此清新可愛,2. 并列句的分譯。,常見的并列連詞有and, or, so, but, yet, for, however, then等。在翻譯實踐中，并列句常常在各分句連接

9、處加以切分，譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子. 1Unfortunately, the want of the family had kept him from school and he seemed to feel the loss. 不幸的是，他因家境貧寒不能上學(xué)。他似乎痛切地感受到這種損失。 （在and處切分） 2I must be off now, or Ill be late for school. 我得走了，不然上學(xué)要遲到的。 （在or處切分）,3. 復(fù)合句的分譯。,英語復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。在翻譯實踐中，常采用分句法來翻譯復(fù)合句，在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處加以切分，將從句分譯成單

10、獨的句子。 1I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry, and soon the news spread all over the campus. 我把消息告訴了羅伯特，他又告訴了他的朋友萊里，消息很快在校園里傳開了。（在who前切分） 2There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我訪問過一些地方，遇到不少人，要談起來，奇妙的事可多著呢。（在兩個省略了關(guān)聯(lián)詞的定語從句前切分）,VI

11、分句法在漢譯英中的應(yīng)用,1他為人單純而坦率。 He was very clean. His mind was open. 2少年時光是一去不復(fù)返的，等到年老時再后悔就來不及了。 Youth will soon be gone，never to return. And it will be too late for you to regret when you are old.,English College,New Translation Strategy,Condensation,What is condensation?,Definition of Condensation: A tech

12、nique employed to achieve conciseness and contractedness in translation. Condense: a phrase a word a clause a word-group a complex/compound sentence a simple sentence two or more simple sentences one simple sentence Condensation and division are usually together in use.,合句法 I簡單句與簡單句的合并,在英譯漢中，有時會把原文中

13、的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句合并成一個句子，這樣能使譯文更為簡潔明了. 1She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. 她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，還善于解決問題。（兩句合一） 2The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a sofa. She was near too tired, barely able to move her feet. 門沒鎖上，她走了進去，在沙發(fā)上坐下，極度的疲憊幾乎使她無力挪動雙腳。（

14、三句合一）,II. 并列句和并列句的合并,1并列句的合并。有時候可以將并列句合并成一個單獨的句子。如： 1）Neither has Mary wanted to rent a house，nor does her husband 瑪麗和她丈夫都不想租房子。 2）Tom has gone to New York and hasnt come back yet. 湯姆去了紐約還沒回來。,2.復(fù)合句的合并,在翻譯中，有時可以把原文中的主從復(fù)合句合譯成一個簡單句。常見于定語從句的翻譯中，即將定語從句翻譯成一個短語，放在被修飾名詞之前。 1He is not the one who will give

15、up easily. 他不是一個輕易服輸?shù)娜恕?2Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我們兩國是友誼長存的友好鄰邦。,1這項工作太難了，你干不了。 The work is too hard for you to accomplish. (兩個簡單句合并成一個單句) 2我已了解清楚，他的結(jié)論是以事實為依據(jù)的。 I have made it clear that his conclusion is based on the fact. (兩個簡單句合并成一個帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句) 3我們可得出這

16、樣的結(jié)論：公司的新計劃是會取得成功的。 We can draw the conclusion that our companys new plan will be a success. (兩個簡單句合并成一個帶有同位語從句的復(fù)合句),III. 合句法在漢譯英中的應(yīng)用。,Assignments,Condensation: 1 We have so often seen exciting stories about gun battles in Chicagos streets. We forget how frequently such crimes and disorders happen i

17、n cities that are as big and busy as Chicago. 2 Suddenly he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. 3 Now, a rough strategic balance has evolved between East and West. More nations have the technical ability to produce advanced weapons. Many others have amassed huge arsenals.,Exercises,Division: 1 A beautifully situated park on the lakes shore provides a perfect spot to savor an ice cream while watching the boats darting about on the bay or the exciting arriv