初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析

1、春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎 ? will it still be far in spring?,冬天已經(jīng)來了, Winter has already come,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),Winter has already come.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式,have done has,助動(dòng)詞,過去分詞,肯定句：主語+have/has +過去分詞 否定句：主語+have/has +not+過去分詞 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞,用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系: 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)?/p>

2、不在這里 I have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義,也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned English since 2001. -從2001年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢,now,past,future,一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般過去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較,1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響

3、，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。,I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）,2）一般過去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。,一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to no

4、w, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語,句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)， 不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí) （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)

5、詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)),since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從” for用

6、來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)” I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比較since和for,注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。) I have worked he

7、re for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。),He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。,比較 have/has been to have/has gone to,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了,他已經(jīng)去上海了 也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He has been to Shanghai.,H

8、e has gone to Shanghai.,He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.,他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了 現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢,辨析這些句子 由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的 含義上的差別,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞,英語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動(dòng)詞(也可稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,瞬間動(dòng)詞,或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語,for+時(shí)間段, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)

9、/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,初中英語課本中常見終止性動(dòng)詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí), 可用以下方法: .將時(shí)間狀語改為時(shí)間段 + ago,句中謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過 去時(shí). eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù) 性動(dòng)詞,常見終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(或

10、狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:,come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-b

11、e in the Party be a Party member,1、 吉姆買了這只鋼筆兩年了。buy-haveJim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2003.It is two years since Jim bought this pen.It has been two years since Jim bought this pen.Jim bought this pen two years ago.,He died 10

12、years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light

13、2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arriv

14、ed here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys),6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8.

15、They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been