2014高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)：第六講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、第六講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí),考點(diǎn)透析 1十種常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。(S主語(yǔ)， do 動(dòng)詞原形， does動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)，did過(guò)去式， doing現(xiàn)在分詞， done過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Sdo/does. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Sdid. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Sam/is/are doing. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Swas/were doing.,一般將來(lái)時(shí)：Swill/shalldo. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：Sshould/woulddo. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Shave/has done. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Shad done. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Shave/has been doing. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Shad be

2、en doing.,2在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，這時(shí)主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 (1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨的話，排球賽就會(huì)推遲。 (2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on. 如果不阻止城市噪音增長(zhǎng)的話，20年后人們就得大喊大叫才能讓人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。,3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示主語(yǔ)具備的某種能力、某種性能。例如： (1)I_ pingp

3、ong quite well，but I havent had time to play since the new year. Awill play Bhave played Cplayed Dplay (選D?！皶?huì)打球”是主語(yǔ)具備的一種能力，不會(huì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)消失，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (2)Can I help you，sir? Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt work. (doesnt work是主語(yǔ)的性能),4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)都是相對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間而存在的時(shí)態(tài)，在答題時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)揣摩上下文的時(shí)間關(guān)系。例如： (1)We we

4、re all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon. (2)How long _ each other before they _ married? For about a year. Ahave they known，get Bdid they know，were going to get Cdo they know，are going to get Dhad they known，got (選D),(3)Helen had left her key in the office，so she had t

5、o wait until her husband came home. 5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式可表計(jì)劃安排好的將來(lái)，它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如： (1)The train _ at four oclock. Lets hurry. Aleave Bleaves Cwill leave Dhad left (選B),(2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum together. Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake D

6、will have taken (選A) 6be going to表早就安排好的將來(lái)，或表根據(jù)某種跡象判斷要發(fā)生的事情；will/shall表臨時(shí)決定要做的動(dòng)作；be to表按約定計(jì)劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的意志和決心；be about to表馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能與表示將來(lái)的確切時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,(1)What are you going to do this evening? Im going to see a film with my friend. (2)Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill? Really? Then Ill go to se

7、e him instead. (3)How about seeing a film tomorrow? Sorry，I cant. I am to take the driving test.,7如果句中有so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： (1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water. (2)I have been busy during the last f

8、ew days.,8句型“It is the first time.”，“This is the last time.”中，從句的謂語(yǔ)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句型“It was the first time.”，“This was the last time.”中，從句的謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如： This is the first time Ive been here. That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.,9句中的狀語(yǔ)是“by the end of過(guò)去時(shí)間”，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 句

9、中的狀語(yǔ)是“by the end of將來(lái)時(shí)間”，動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例如： (1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words. 到上學(xué)期末，我們大約學(xué)了3 000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 (2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five. 到下個(gè)月末，我們將已經(jīng)學(xué)完了第五冊(cè)。,10進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)、完成時(shí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)分別是be being done，will/shall be done, have/has/had bee

10、n done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be done，不要遺漏任何部分。 11有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，卻表示被動(dòng)意義。主要有下列幾種情形： (1)be worth doing The book is worth reading. 這本書(shū)值得一讀。,(2)need/want/require/beardoingneed/want/require to be done The room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned. 屋子需要打掃。 (3)beadj.to do The place is hard to find in the map. 這個(gè)地方在地圖上很

11、難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 (4)表感覺(jué)的連系動(dòng)詞形容詞。 Good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口。,(5)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是物，同時(shí)又是動(dòng)作涉及的對(duì)象，而動(dòng)詞又是表明主語(yǔ)本身的特性時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這時(shí)，句末有一個(gè)表示方式的副詞。 The pen I bought yesterday writes smoothly. 我昨天買的鋼筆書(shū)寫流暢。 The cloth washes well. 這種布耐洗。,強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。 1(2012全國(guó)卷)“Life is like

12、walking in the snow , ” Granny used to say, “because every step _.” (show),shows,2(2012上海卷)I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. (save) 3(2012天津卷)The letters for the boss _on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. (put) 4(2012天

13、津卷)The three of us_ around Europe for about a month last summer. (travel),travelled,will have saved,were put,5(2012江蘇卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners. (meet) 6(2012安徽卷)In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over th

14、e past five hours. (do) 7(2012安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (keep),keeps,had met,have been doing,8(2012安徽卷)After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it _.(de

15、corate) 9(2012湖南卷)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. (repay) 10(2012湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. (see),was being decorated,will be repaid,will see,11(2012湖南卷)“The moment _ soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.

16、(come) 12(2012全國(guó)卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. (swim) 13(2012湖南卷)I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _ the piano for years. (play),is coming,swam,havent played,14(2012福建卷)When did the compu

17、ter crash? This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites. (sort) 15(2012陜西卷)Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? (fly),was sorting,will be flying,專題訓(xùn)練,廣東各地市歷年模擬題演練 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，使用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。 1All

18、 the animals lined up on the river bank and _ (give) the task of getting to the opposite shore. 2My legs _ (ache) and I wasnt looking forward to cooking dinner.,were given,were aching,3Pretexting is when private investigators treat themselves as someone else, they _ (give) personal information. 4Now their claims _(test) as never before. 5His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other ch