非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件詳解(適合基礎(chǔ)弱者).ppt

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解,NonfiniteVerbs,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：,概述：,2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：,在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分,一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.,表語(yǔ),2W

2、esawsometeacherssittingthere.,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.,賓語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞,劃分句子成分,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大都可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等.,4.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou,（作主語(yǔ)）,

3、(作賓語(yǔ)）,（作賓補(bǔ)）,(作表語(yǔ)）,（作定語(yǔ)）,（作原因狀語(yǔ)）,（作目的狀語(yǔ)）,（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）,12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.,(作主語(yǔ)）,(作賓語(yǔ)）,(作賓補(bǔ)）,(作表語(yǔ)）,(作狀語(yǔ)）,(作定語(yǔ)）,動(dòng)詞不定式（TheInfinitive）,一.動(dòng)詞不定式的基

4、本構(gòu)成：,由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成,肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被動(dòng)式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone,二.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法,動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。,動(dòng)詞不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,I

5、warnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),(1)作主語(yǔ),不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。,Toseeistobelieve,Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.,注：常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+謂語(yǔ)+todo,Ittakesusanhour_gettherebybus.,句型2：Its+n.+todo,Itsourduty_helpthepoor.,Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholid

6、ayinthemountains,句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（是形容人的品質(zhì)的）,（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的）,Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.,Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,Youareverykindtogi

7、vemesomehelp.,youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,常見動(dòng)詞有：,(2)作賓語(yǔ),Iwanttoknowthismatter.,like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等,Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.,1).,接不定式做賓語(yǔ),1.Theywanted_(get)o

8、nthebus,didntthey?2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.,B.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainknow,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethet

9、ool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.,Idontknowhowtogetthere.,Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.,beginstartcontinue,+,tododoing,注意下列動(dòng)詞,likelovehatepreferlearn,+,tododoing,rememberforgetregret,+,tododoing,trymeanstopgoon,+,tododoing,1.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleave

10、theclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff,(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),(與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系),1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Il

11、lgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhim,adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest,sb.todo,seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice,+,sb.,+,dodoing

12、done,makelethave,sb.be,seenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed,+,todo,madelet,2).,Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.,Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.,注意：當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如：,Heisoftenheard_thesong,Hewasseen_theroom.,tosing,toenter,4.it作形式賓

13、語(yǔ),Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting,Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim,注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。,Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.,1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw

14、.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.,用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy

15、_outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlook,help,(to)water,totake,cry,tocry,5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定語(yǔ))不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）不定式用來(lái)說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞He

16、islookingforaroomtolivein.,1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（寫上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamo

17、ment？Ihavenopen（寫）,towriteon,towritewith,動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ),注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：,Heislookingforaroomtolivein,Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith,(5)作狀語(yǔ),表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。,IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim,(目的),(原因),(結(jié)果),(條件),動(dòng)名詞（gerund

18、）,一.動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成,二.動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì),動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：,1.動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾,Ihopeyoudontmindmysayingit.,2.動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.,三.動(dòng)名詞的功用,1.可作主語(yǔ),Seeingisbelieving,Readingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.,nousenogoodnofunIts+ashame+doingawasteoftime/money

19、uselessdangerousThereisno+doing.,Itisnousecrying.ItisnogoodobjectingLookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.,2.可作賓語(yǔ),S.+vt.+doing,Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.,在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能

20、用不定式，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：,避免錯(cuò)過(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建議完成(多)練習(xí)suggest/advisefinishpractise喜歡想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/canthelp承認(rèn)否定(與)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脫冒險(xiǎn)(莫)原諒escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind,注：在動(dòng)詞advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語(yǔ)，后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語(yǔ)則后跟不定式。例如,Wedo

21、ntallowpeopletofishhere.我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚。,Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚。,prefer.to.lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincanthelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),作介詞/短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ):,S.+v.+prep.+doing,e.g.Shesattherewithout(speak)Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.Are

22、youusedto(live)therealone?Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldnthelp(laugh).Idontfeellike(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):,want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+doingbeworth(值得),使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義,tobedone,使用不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，依然用被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義,Theroomwants(clean).Themethodneeds(improve).Thispairofsho

23、esrequire(mend).Theproblemneeds(workout).Thequestioniswellworth(discuss),d）動(dòng)詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)作”。當(dāng)用在should,would之后時(shí)，只跟不定式。例如：,Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.,我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。,Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？,Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；,OthersE

24、xamples,五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格來(lái)表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ):Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rosesgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語(yǔ):Imsureofhimcomingontime.Hehasne

25、verheardofawomanbeingapilot.IdontmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.,分詞：Participles,一分詞的概述,1.分詞是“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（PresentParticiple）和過去分詞（PastParticiple）。,2.現(xiàn)在分詞：doing過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞V+ed不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：,1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng),Doyouknowthewoma

26、ntalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.,2.時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成,DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater,二、分詞的作用,1、作定語(yǔ),分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語(yǔ)。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語(yǔ)。,（1）前置定語(yǔ),Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我們只賣用過的書。,（

27、2）后置定語(yǔ),TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語(yǔ)，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。,Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.,上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。,（3）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：,Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere,(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.,),想加入

28、本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。,Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.),由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個(gè)人幾乎失去了記憶。,(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.,（4）過去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表完成。如：,thequestiondiscussedyesterday,昨天討論的問題（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）,thefallenleaves,落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)),2、作表語(yǔ),分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：,Shewast

29、oofrightenedtomove.她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所說的真令從鼓舞。,3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等詞。,Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看見他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍?。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。,A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthes

30、ong(singing,sung)inEnglish.,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別,四、作狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成,1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,4.Istoodbythed

31、oor,notdaringtosayaword.,Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.,Whentheyheardthebadnews,Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,Becausehewassoangry,Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard

32、.,判斷下列句子正誤：,1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.,判斷句子正誤并改正：,1,Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Icantusethecup.,將下列狀語(yǔ)從句改為非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)作

33、狀語(yǔ)：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.,將下列非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)改寫為狀語(yǔ)從句,1.Notknowingheraddress,Icantwritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.,4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaske

34、dapoliceman.5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.,不定式時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法,1.不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用一般時(shí)態(tài)Hewantedtoseeyou2.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用不定式完成時(shí)Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I

35、msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight,不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法.A,當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(賓語(yǔ))ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主語(yǔ)),句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也還要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclo

36、thestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easydifficulthardpleasantinterestingexcitingcomfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)形式均可但有時(shí)含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingto

37、donow)現(xiàn)在沒事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)現(xiàn)在沒什么辦法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)沒有東西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不見有什么東西,分詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tom

38、wasveryhappy.,分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系時(shí)被動(dòng)的，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_bymanystudents.(follow),following,followed,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，要用分詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。1.Beingrepai

39、red,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.,Task:completethefollowingsentences,1.“（你有衣服要洗嗎）?themaidasked.2._(沒有完成作業(yè)),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3._(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4._(被邀請(qǐng)參

40、加舞會(huì)),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem_(很難算出）.6.Shewasangryfor_(沒有被邀請(qǐng)）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_(沒人看到）8.Theflat_(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_(應(yīng)受譴責(zé)）10.Theywereproudof_(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_(假裝再看書）12.NiPingissaid_(寫了一本名叫“日子”的書）13.SongDandanissaid_(在寫一本叫“月子”的書）14

41、._(從窗戶往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._(從山頂往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._(他有很多活要干）.Dontbotherhim.17._(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.,DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkout,nothavingbeeninvited,withoutbeingseen,istolet,

42、istoblame,havingbeensenttoworkinTibet,pretendedtobereading,tohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”,tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”,Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone,分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),構(gòu)成（以study和go為例）,被動(dòng)式：beingdone表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。,1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibr

43、ary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.,完成式：havingdone所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。,Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),一般來(lái)說，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。但有時(shí)候，分詞的動(dòng)作不是

44、由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的，它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語(yǔ)，多用于書面語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.,1獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：,（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語(yǔ),Themoonappea

45、ring,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.,（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語(yǔ),Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.,（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語(yǔ),Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.,（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語(yǔ),Themoneytobep

46、aidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.,（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語(yǔ),Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.,（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語(yǔ),Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.,2with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有較鮮明的特色。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)，其后面的詞相當(dāng)于這

47、個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語(yǔ)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)很像一個(gè)用來(lái)說明附帶情況或細(xì)節(jié)的，可以起狀語(yǔ)作用的句子。翻譯時(shí)，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來(lái)。,（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.,（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependa

48、nts,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.,（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.,4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.,5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemo

49、untains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.,（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.,（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodo

50、mostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.,3.由Therebeing+主語(yǔ)這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：,Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因?yàn)橛性S多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。,不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作：Itsnogoodeatingtoom

51、uchfat.Itsnotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.關(guān)于邏輯主語(yǔ)的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞：作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Toms(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)cominghere.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.Mikeca

52、meC.MikecomesD.Mikescoming2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.,Thanksalot!,不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作：Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itsnotgoodfo

53、ryoutoeatsomuchfat.關(guān)于邏輯主語(yǔ)的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞：作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Toms(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)cominghere.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike

54、scoming2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.,不定式、動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ),1。直接作主語(yǔ)（1）眼見為實(shí)（2）今天早晨做早操對(duì)身體無(wú)益（3）在這里吸煙很危險(xiǎn),1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth

55、.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous,（1）眼見為實(shí)。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習(xí)慣。,1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit,不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作,A:如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由for引起的短語(yǔ)。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.,B

56、:下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè)of引起的短語(yǔ)，這些形容詞是：(表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來(lái)說明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.Itsunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.Itswrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.ItswrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.,動(dòng)名

57、詞作主語(yǔ)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，有自己特定的句型,（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無(wú)益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無(wú)益（4）學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是值得做的,4.ItsworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.,2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用,1.Itsnousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything,2.Itsuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk,3.Itsnogoodsmokingtoomuch,1.Itsnouse_(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno_(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood_(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_(play)golf.,小結(jié)：動(dòng)名詞與不等式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別,一、對(duì)稱原則二、特殊表達(dá)三、固定句型四、習(xí)慣用法,主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)對(duì)稱,動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作,Ittakessbsometimetodosth,Itsnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doingItskind/wise/cleverofsbtodosthItsimportant/necessary/hardforsbtodosth,tod