非謂語動詞課件詳解(適合基礎弱者).ppt

1、非謂語動詞講解,NonfiniteVerbs,非謂語動詞,動名詞,分詞,現在分詞,過去分詞,動詞不定式,1.謂語動詞：,概述：,2.非謂語動詞：,在句子中擔任謂語的動詞,是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分,一個句子當中，已經存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現時。,非謂語動詞使用條件,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.,表語,2W

2、esawsometeacherssittingthere.,賓語補足語,3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.,賓語,謂語,賓語,主語,定語,連系動詞,劃分句子成分,非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等.,4.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou,（作主語）,

3、(作賓語）,（作賓補）,(作表語）,（作定語）,（作原因狀語）,（作目的狀語）,（作結果狀語）,12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.,(作主語）,(作賓語）,(作賓補）,(作表語）,(作狀語）,(作定語）,動詞不定式（TheInfinitive）,一.動詞不定式的基

4、本構成：,由不定式符號to加動詞原形構成。其否定式由not+不定式構成,肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被動式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone,二.動詞不定式的句法作用法,動詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。,動詞不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,I

5、warnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓補,(1)作主語,不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。,Toseeistobelieve,Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.,注：常用it做形式主語，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+謂語+todo,Ittakesusanhour_gettherebybus.,句型2：Its+n.+todo,Itsourduty_helpthepoor.,Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholid

6、ayinthemountains,句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（是形容人的品質的）,（是形容事物的性質的）,Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.,Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,Youareverykindtogi

7、vemesomehelp.,youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,常見動詞有：,(2)作賓語,Iwanttoknowthismatter.,like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等,Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.,1).,接不定式做賓語,1.Theywanted_(get)o

8、nthebus,didntthey?2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.,B.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainknow,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethet

9、ool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.,Idontknowhowtogetthere.,Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.,beginstartcontinue,+,tododoing,注意下列動詞,likelovehatepreferlearn,+,tododoing,rememberforgetregret,+,tododoing,trymeanstopgoon,+,tododoing,1.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleave

10、theclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff,(3)作賓語補足語,(與賓語之間的關系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關系),1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Il

11、lgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhim,adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest,sb.todo,seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice,+,sb.,+,dodoing

12、done,makelethave,sb.be,seenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed,+,todo,madelet,2).,Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.,Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.,注意：當這類動詞轉為被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如：,Heisoftenheard_thesong,Hewasseen_theroom.,tosing,toenter,4.it作形式賓

13、語,Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting,Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim,注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。,Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.,1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw

14、.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.,用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空，使句子完整、正確。1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy

15、_outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlook,help,(to)water,totake,cry,tocry,5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定語)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(區(qū)別主被動）不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動詞時，須加介詞He

16、islookingforaroomtolivein.,1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（寫上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamo

17、ment？Ihavenopen（寫）,towriteon,towritewith,動詞不定式做定語,注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應有必要的介詞。如：,Heislookingforaroomtolivein,Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith,(5)作狀語,表示目的、原因、結果或條件。,IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim,(目的),(原因),(結果),(條件),動名詞（gerund

18、）,一.動名詞的基本構成,二.動名詞的性質,動名詞既具有動詞的特點有具有名詞的特點，具體表現為：,1.動名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾,Ihopeyoudontmindmysayingit.,2.動名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語,Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.,三.動名詞的功用,1.可作主語,Seeingisbelieving,Readingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.,nousenogoodnofunIts+ashame+doingawasteoftime/money

19、uselessdangerousThereisno+doing.,Itisnousecrying.ItisnogoodobjectingLookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.,2.可作賓語,S.+vt.+doing,Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.,在某些動詞后要求用動名詞作賓語，不能

20、用不定式，常見的這類動詞有：,避免錯過(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建議完成(多)練習suggest/advisefinishpractise喜歡想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/canthelp承認否定(與)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脫冒險(莫)原諒escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind,注：在動詞advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如,Wedo

21、ntallowpeopletofishhere.我們不準人們在這兒釣魚。,Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人們不準在這兒釣魚。,prefer.to.lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincanthelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),作介詞/短語動詞的賓語:,S.+v.+prep.+doing,e.g.Shesattherewithout(speak)Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.Are

22、youusedto(live)therealone?Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldnthelp(laugh).Idontfeellike(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.,主動表被動:,want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+doingbeworth(值得),使用動名詞作賓語時，用主動形式表達被動含義,tobedone,使用不定式作賓語時，依然用被動形式表達被動含義,Theroomwants(clean).Themethodneeds(improve).Thispairofsho

23、esrequire(mend).Theproblemneeds(workout).Thequestioniswellworth(discuss),d）動詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動名詞表示“習慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。當用在should,would之后時，只跟不定式。例如：,Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.,我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。,Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？,Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；,OthersE

24、xamples,五.動名詞的復合結構,動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構成動名詞的復合結構或動名詞短語1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞在句中作主語:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rosesgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動名詞在句中作賓語:Imsureofhimcomingontime.Hehasne

25、verheardofawomanbeingapilot.IdontmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.,分詞：Participles,一分詞的概述,1.分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現在分詞（PresentParticiple）和過去分詞（PastParticiple）。,2.現在分詞：doing過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞V+ed不規(guī)則動詞,3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語。,現在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：,1.語態(tài)上：現在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動,Doyouknowthewoma

26、ntalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.,2.時態(tài)上：現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成,DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater,二、分詞的作用,1、作定語,分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。,（1）前置定語,Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我們只賣用過的書。,（

27、2）后置定語,TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.,現在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。,Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.,上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。,（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當于一個定語從句。如：,Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere,(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.,),想加入

28、本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。,Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.),由于被嚴重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。,(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.,（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。如：,thequestiondiscussedyesterday,昨天討論的問題（既表示被動也表示完成）,thefallenleaves,落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動),2、作表語,分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質或狀態(tài)。如：,Shewast

29、oofrightenedtomove.她被嚇得一動不動。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所說的真令從鼓舞。,3、作賓語補足語,可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等詞。,Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看見他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我們發(fā)現小孩睡著了。,A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthes

30、ong(singing,sung)inEnglish.,現在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別,四、作狀語,現在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成,1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,4.Istoodbythed

31、oor,notdaringtosayaword.,Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.,Whentheyheardthebadnews,Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,Becausehewassoangry,Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard

32、.,判斷下列句子正誤：,1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.,判斷句子正誤并改正：,1,Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Icantusethecup.,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作

33、狀語：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.,將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句,1.Notknowingheraddress,Icantwritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.,4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaske

34、dapoliceman.5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.,不定式時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法,1.不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，用一般時態(tài)Hewantedtoseeyou2.強調不定式的動作正在進行時，用進行時態(tài)WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.強調不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時，用不定式完成時Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I

35、msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight,不定式被動語態(tài)的用法.A,當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(賓語)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主語),句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被動關系，也還要用主動語態(tài)1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclo

36、thestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easydifficulthardpleasantinterestingexcitingcomfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主動形式或被動形式均可但有時含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingto

37、donow)現在沒事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)現在沒什么辦法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)沒有東西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不見有什么東西,分詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法,如果強調分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tom

38、wasveryhappy.,分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。分詞與其邏輯主語的關系時被動的，要用被動語態(tài)1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_bymanystudents.(follow),following,followed,如果強調分詞表示的動作正在進行時，要用分詞的進行時態(tài)。1.Beingrepai

39、red,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.,Task:completethefollowingsentences,1.“（你有衣服要洗嗎）?themaidasked.2._(沒有完成作業(yè)),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3._(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4._(被邀請參

40、加舞會),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem_(很難算出）.6.Shewasangryfor_(沒有被邀請）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_(沒人看到）8.Theflat_(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_(應受譴責）10.Theywereproudof_(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_(假裝再看書）12.NiPingissaid_(寫了一本名叫“日子”的書）13.SongDandanissaid_(在寫一本叫“月子”的書）14

41、._(從窗戶往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._(從山頂往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._(他有很多活要干）.Dontbotherhim.17._(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.,DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkout,nothavingbeeninvited,withoutbeingseen,istolet,

42、istoblame,havingbeensenttoworkinTibet,pretendedtobereading,tohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”,tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”,Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone,分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),構成（以study和go為例）,被動式：beingdone表示一個現在進行的完成動作。,1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibr

43、ary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.,完成式：havingdone所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。,Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.,獨立主格結構,一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時候，分詞的動作不是

44、由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。獨立主格結構（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。獨立主格結構本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.,1獨立主格結構的形式：,（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語,Themoonappea

45、ring,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.,（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語,Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.,（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語,Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.,（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語,Themoneytobep

46、aidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.,（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語,Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.,（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語,Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.,2with+復合賓語結構,這種結構也可以看成是一種獨立主格結構。這種結構有較鮮明的特色。在這種結構中，with后的賓語相當于該結構中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當于這

47、個結構中的邏輯謂語。這個結構很像一個用來說明附帶情況或細節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。,（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.,（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependa

48、nts,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.,（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.,4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.,5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemo

49、untains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.,（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.,（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodo

50、mostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.,3.由Therebeing+主語這種結構多表示原因。例如：,Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經常學習到深夜。,不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作：Itsnogoodeatingtoom

51、uchfat.Itsnotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.關于邏輯主語的問題動名詞復合結構的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Toms(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)cominghere.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.Mikeca

52、meC.MikecomesD.Mikescoming2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.,Thanksalot!,不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作：Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itsnotgoodfo

53、ryoutoeatsomuchfat.關于邏輯主語的問題動名詞復合結構的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Toms(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)cominghere.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike

54、scoming2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.,不定式、動名詞用作主語,1。直接作主語（1）眼見為實（2）今天早晨做早操對身體無益（3）在這里吸煙很危險,1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth

55、.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous,（1）眼見為實。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習慣。,1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit,不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作,A:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個由for引起的短語。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.,B

56、:下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個of引起的短語，這些形容詞是：(表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質，特征，屬性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.Itsunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.Itswrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.ItswrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.,動名

57、詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型,（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學好英語是值得做的,4.ItsworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.,2.用it作形式主語，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用,1.Itsnousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything,2.Itsuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk,3.Itsnogoodsmokingtoomuch,1.Itsnouse_(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno_(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood_(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_(play)golf.,小結：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別,一、對稱原則二、特殊表達三、固定句型四、習慣用法,主語和表語對稱,動名詞表示經常性、反復發(fā)生的動作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動作,Ittakessbsometimetodosth,Itsnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doingItskind/wise/cleverofsbtodosthItsimportant/necessary/hardforsbtodosth,tod