河北省廊坊市部分高中2024-2025學年高一下學期5月期中英語試題（原卷版+解析版）

高一年級英語考試試卷滿分150分考試時間120分鐘第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFromcarefullyreconstructedsiteslikeChichenItzatotheceremonialtemplesofCalakmul,thesearetheancientMayaruinsnottomissinMexico.ChichenItzaNamedoneoftheNewSevenWondersoftheWorldin2007,thebeautifullypreservedChichenItzainYucatánisMexico’smostfamousMayaruins.Despitethecrowds,fewaredissatisfiedwithElCastillo—acarefullyrestoredpyramidthatrisesup80ftandhas365steps—thelargestMayaballcourtintheAmericas.TulumBuiltinthe13thcentury,TulumwasoneofthelastcitieswheretheMayapeoplelivedandtheonlyonebuiltonthecoast.Thepyramidsherearen’taslargeasotherMayaruinsinMexico,butthesetting,on40ft-highcliffs(懸崖)abovetheCaribbeanwaterssouthofCancun,morethanmakesupforit.CobáHometothetallestpyramidinthestateofQuintanaRoo,CobáwasonceoneofthemostimportantMayacitiesinYucatán.Locatedaround30mileswestofTulumruins,thecitywasbuiltinaround600CEanditeventuallygrewto50,000peoplelivingthere.ThoughmuchofCobáhasyettobeexcavated(發(fā)掘),travellerscanclimbthe138ft-highNohochMul—apyramidthatofferssweepingviewsovertheYucatánrainforest.CalakmulInCampeche’sCalakmulBiosphereReserveneartheborderwithGuatemala,CalakmulisoneofMexico’swildestMayaruins.IthasthelargestandtallestpyramidinYucatánandmorethan6,000buildings,manyofthemcoveredbyrainforest.Thesiteisparticularlybeautifulatsunrise,whenthesurroundingforestcomesalivewithbirdsong.1WhichisoneoftheNewSevenWondersoftheWorld?A.Cobá. B.Tulum. C.Calakmul. D.ChichenItza.2.WhatisspecialaboutTulum?A.Itfeatures365steps. B.Itwashitbyafloodin2007.C.Itwasbuiltonthecoast. D.ItliesinthenorthofCancun.3.WhatcanyoudoatCalakmul?A.TourthelargestMayaballcourt. B.VisitthetallestpyramidinYucatán.C.Climbthe138ft-highNohochMul. D.Haveabird’s-eyeviewofYucatán.BEverytimeyouchargeyourcellphone,youarebenefitingfromJohnGoodenough’sexceptionalcreativity.AfterbeingtoldthatmostscientistsmaketheirmajordiscoverieslongbeforetheyhitmiddleageGoodenoughjustsetofftodevelopabatterytechnologythathasmadeourmodernlifepossible.Lithium(鋰)batterieshadbeeninventedbefore.ButGoodenough’sinventionwasanewkindoflithiumbatterythatcanstoreenoughenergytopowerallsortsofelectronicsandislightandsmallenoughtomakethemportable(便攜式的).And,evenbetter,suchabatterywouldchargeandrechargeinamatterofminutes—allwithoutexploding.BorninJena,Germanyin1922,GoodenoughgrewupintheUnitedStatesandmajoredinmathematicsatYaleUniversityandearnedaPh.DinphysicsfromtheUniversityofChicago.HebeganhiscareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),wherehisresearchlaidthegroundworkfordevelopmentofrandom-accessmemory(RAM)forthedigitalcomputer.GoodenoughwasheadoftheInorganicChemistryLaboratoryattheUniversityofOxfordinEnglandwhenhemadehislithiumbatterydiscovery.HejoinedtheTexasUniversityin1986,andwasstillteachingandresearchingbatterymaterialsandengineeringproblemswhenhewontheNobelPrizein2019.Trainedinmathematicsandphysics,Goodenough,whoeventuallybecomesagroundbreakingchemistandmaterialsengineer,doesnoteasilyfitanyexistingclassification(分類).“IwouldlikethephysiciststothinkIamaphysicist,butI’mafraidtheythinkIamachemistandmaterialsengineer.Ontheotherhand,thechemistsandmaterialsengineersthinkIamaphysicist,”heoncejoked.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnGoodenoughfromthefirstparagraph?A.Heisthefirstpersontoinventlithiumbatteries.B.Hemadehismajordiscoveryatarelativelyoldage.C.Hegotalotofsupportandhelpfromtheprojectleaders.D.Hewasconsideredanexceptionallysuccessfulyoungscientist.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Goodenough’sresearchplan. B.Anewkindofbatterymaterial.C.Goodenough’simprovements. D.Theadvantagesoflithiumbatteries.6.WheredidJohnGoodenoughmakehisfirstlithiumbatterydiscovery?A.AttheUniversityofOxford. B.AtYaleUniversity.C.AttheUniversityofChicago. D.AttheTexasUniversity.7WhatdidJohnGoodenoughmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Majorsareveryimportant. B.Hewasnotwelcomeanywhere.C.Hewasnotagoodphysicist. D.Itisnoteasytoclassifyhisresearch.CAgirlisdrivingwithherparentswhentheyspotwatercressgrowingbythesideoftheroad.Herparentsstopandtakeheroutofthebackseat.Theyaskhertotakeoffhershoesandrollupherjeanstohelpthemgatherit.ItisthebeginningofthestoryinWatercress,apicturebookwrittenbyAndreaWang.Thestoryisbasedonherchildhood.“MyparentsactuallyspottedwatercressgrowingbythesideoftheroadinOhiowhereIgrewup,”Wangsays.“AndIwashorriblyembarrassedtogetoutandgatherthewatercressfromthedirtywater.ItreallymademeawareofhowdifferentIwasfrommyfriends.Butformyparents,itbroughtbackmemoriesoftheirhomecountryanditwasaconnectiontotheirhomelandthattheyhadleftbehind.”Thefeelingofbeingashamedofourparentsisuniversal.We’veprobablyallexperiencedthatatsomepoint.“Irememberwalking20feetbehindmyparentswhenwewerewalkingdownthestreet,pretendingthatIdidn’tbelongtothem,”Wanglaughs.ThepicturesinWatercresshavedrawninspirationfromChineselandscapepaintings,whichoftenhavemountainscoveredinclouds.“ItalwayshasfeltdreamliketomewhenIlookatthosepaintings.AndIthoughtitwouldbenicetobringitintomybookbecauseofitsthemeofmemory,”Wangexplains.Unlikethelittlegirlinthestory,AndreaWangdidn’thearanystoryaboutherparents’childhoodsuntilshewasanadult.“Myparentsweretryingtoprotectme,bynottellingmethehardshipstheywentthrough,”Wangsays.Butasakid,Wangremembersfeelingdisconnectedfromherhistory.“Ithinkit’sreallyimportantforfamiliestosharewhattheycan,”Wangsays.“Sothatkidsknowthathistoryandcanfeelasenseofprideintheirculture.”8.HowdidAndreaWangfeelwhenshewastoldtogatherwatercress?A.Excited. B.Curious. C.Scared. D.Ashamed.9.Whatdoestheword“universal”underlinedinparagraph3mean?A.Makingsbfeelalittlebitangry. B.Beingtrueatalltimesandinallplaces.C.Needingskilltodoorunderstand. D.Beingrelatedtoaparticulargrouporsociety.10.WhatdoesAndreaWangsayaboutChineselandscapepaintings?A.Theyareboring. B.Theyaredifficult.CTheyarebeautiful. D.Theyareexpensive.11.WhatdoesAndreaWangsuggestparentsdo?A.Avoidtalkingabouthardships.B.Explainwhatevertheywentthrough.C.Telltheirkidstobeproudoftheirculture.D.Sharesomeoftheirexperienceswiththeirkids.DWhereis“space”exactly?Thismayseemlikeasimplequestion,buttheanswermaybemoredifficultthanyouthink.Nowadays,mostcountriesaregenerallyinagreementthatspacebeginswhenEarth’satmosphereends.Butnoonecantellwhereatmosphereactuallyendsandouterspacebegins.ThisleavesthedooropenforavarietyofexplanationsuntiltheKarmanLinewasrecognizedbyinternationallaws.Theso-calledKarmanLineisanimaginaryline100kilometersaboveEarth’ssurface.Oncethislineiscrossed,theairistoothinandtraditionalplaneswouldneedtoreachthespeedof30,564kilometersperhourorriskfallingbacktoEarth.Accordingtotheinternationallaws,oncepilotsandaircraftcrossthatline,theyarerecognizedasastronautsandspacecraftandarefreetoconductspaceoperationswithoutconcernforinternationalborders(邊境).Intheearlyageofspaceexploration,theUSdefinedspacedifferentlyandinsistedthatspacestart19.3kilometersbelowtheKarmanLine,sincetheUSwasconfidentthatitwouldleadandremaintobetheleaderinthetraditionalaircraftindustry.WellawarethattheUSwantedtooperateadvancedspying(偵查)aircraftsafely,manydevelopingcountriesopposedtheideaandsoughttoestablishmuchhigherspacelimits—965.6kilometersaboveEarth’ssurface.Thisspacelimitmakesthingsabitdifficultforeverycountry,though.Atthatheight,eventheInternationalSpaceStationandTiangongSpaceStation(orbitingbetween320to435kilometersup),andmanysatellites(orbiting869kilometersup)wouldnotbeconsideredspacecraft!Inrecentyears,theUShasbeentryingtodeterminea“saferborderofspace”.In2009,itsuggestedthattheborderofspacebeginatl18kilometersaboveEarth’ssurface.Whatwasitsargumentthistime?Itsaidthatmanybreakthroughshavebeenmadeinspaceandspyingtechnologiesbyothercountries!12.WhatiscorrectabouttheKármánLineaccordingtotheinternationallaws?A.Itisunsafeforsomecountries. B.Traditionalplanesshouldnotcrossit.C.Pilotscanflyfreelyaboveit. D.Itisthehighestlinepilotscanreach.13.Manylessdevelopedcountriessuggestedthatspacebeginat_______.A.965.6kilometersaboveEarth’ssurfaceB.118kilometersaboveEarth’ssurfaceC.100kilometersaboveEarth’ssurfaceD.90.7kilometersaboveEarth’ssurface14.WhatdoestheauthormostprobablythinkoftheUS’suggestions?A.Smart. B.Unfair. C.Scientific. D.Uncreative.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhereDoesSpaceBeginExactly?B.HowHighShouldtheKarmanLineBe?C.HowCanWeProtectOurNationalBorders?D.WhyDoestheUSWanttoChangetheKarmanLine?第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Duringourlife,itisnaturalforustostopoccasionallyandwonderwhetherweshouldmakesomechanges.Ifyou’dliketomaketherightchoice,herearesomequestionsyouhavetoanswerfirst.Whydoyouwanttobringthechangestoyourlife?Usually,theanswerisnotveryobvious.____16____Yourhonestanswermayprovideyouwithlastingmotivation(動力)thatwilldriveyoutowardsyourgoals.Isityourtrueneed?Ordoyoujustfeelboredandwanttotrysomethingpopular?___17___Youranswersmayhelpyouseethatyoudon’tneedtobringsuchchangesintoyourlife,sinceyouareauniquepersonwithuniqueneedsandwishes.____18____Youcanstartbywritingdownwhatisimportanttoyou.Takeyourtime.____19____Youcanstartwithsimplerthings,forinstance,workingoutregularly,spendingqualitytimewithfriendsandfamily,learningtoplayaninstrumentetc.Fromthesesimplethingsyoucanworkonmoredifficultchoiceslater.Areyouself-aware?Doyouvalueconstructive(有益的)criticism?Areyoualwayshonestwithyourself?____20____Finally,letmefinishbyaquote,“Toconqueroneselfisagreatertaskthanconqueringothers.”AWhatisimportanttoyou?B.Whatresponsibilitiesshouldyoutake?C.Don’ttrytomakeyourlistinjustonesitting.D.Soyouhavetobehonestwithyourselfandaskyourselfwhy.E.Bearinmindthathowyouapproachsuccesscandefinehowyoufeel.F.Askyourselfthesetwoquestionswheneveryoujustfeelboredandwanttomakechanges.G.Ifyouranswerstothesequestionsareno,thenyouneedtoworkonyourself-awareness.第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Itwasacoldwintermorning.MythreelittlechildrenandIgotup,____21____warmclothesandmadeourwaytothe____22____facingnorth.Thewindblewhardfromthewest,andthesnowmadeit____23____forustoseethehenhouse.Aswelookedoutofthewindow,wefoundthatthehenhousewasgone.MissPennyandhertwo____24____hadbeenblownawaybythecoldnorthwestwindthatstill____25____ouroldfarmhouse.IlookedattheemptyyardoutsidetomakesureIwasn’tmissinganything.ThenIsawthem—allthreechickens—beingaroundawhiterabbit.Icouldn’tbelievemy____26____!Howwasthisstrongwindnotpushing____27____intothefieldbeyond?Itwasunbelievable.Ithought.Iquicklyopenedthebackroomdoor,pulledonmyhusband’slongsnowtrousersandheavywinter____28____andwentout.Asthesnowflewviolentlyaroundme,Itriedhardtomakemywaytothesoftcluck-clucksoundmyhensalwaysmade.WhenI____29____them,Iquicklyunzipped(解拉鏈)myheavycoat,softlypickedeachhenupand_____30_____putthemintomywarmcoat.ThenIbegantowalkbacktothesmallwoodenhousebehindourownhouse.Thedoorstothewoodenhouseweredifficulttoopen,butsomehowI_____31_____topullthemapart.OnebyoneIlaidmychickensonthecoldfloorandtheybegantoclucksoftly.I_____32_____straws(稻草)andputtheminsidethehousetomakethem_____33_____.WhenIreturnedtoourhouse,mychildrenstarted_____34_____.ThelookontheirfacestoldmethattheythoughtIwasahero_____35_____.21.A.tookoff B.triedon C.puton D.showedoff22.A.window B.door C.roof D.floor23.A.convenient B.hard C.simple D.interesting24.A.classmates B.friends C.workers D.passengers25.A.rebuilt B.protected C.heated D.shook26.A.shoulders B.ears C.feet D.eyes27.A.them B.us C.her D.you28.A.socks B.glasses C.coat D.cap29.A.reached B.caught C.saw D.called30.A.curiously B.carefully C.unwillingly D.confidently31.A.planned B.managed C.hoped D.failed32.A.bought B.grew C.burnt D.found33.A.warm B.cool C.frightened D.lovely34.A.crying B.sleeping C.cheering D.leaving35.A.sister B.mom C.brother D.dad第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sincehumanbeingsappearedontheearth,theyhavehadacloserelationshipwiththemoon.Inthepastcenturies,alotofinformationaboutthemoon____36____(record)byscientists,whohavecarriedout____37____seriesofresearches.TheSovietUnionwasthe____38____(early)countrytovisitthemoon.In1959,itlaunchedthefirstLunarProbe“Moon1”thattookthefirstpicturesofthemoon.Thatwasthefirststepformantoexplorethemoon.In1969,oneoftheAmerican____39____(astronaut)inApollo11,Armstrong,setfootonthemoon.Itwasthefirsttimethatmanhadwalkedonthemoon.Nowadays,manycountriesshowgreat____40____(interesting)inexploringthemoon.TheUSAwillspendsevenyears____41____(build)abaseonthemoon.Russiahasalsostartedanewlunarexplorationprogram,andalsoplanstosetupabaseonthemoonafter2020.Inrecentyears,Chinahastakenan____42____(act)partinexploringthemoonlikeChang’eseries.Itisextremelydifficult____43____anycountrytosetupalunarbaseanddevelopthemoonalone.That’s____44____countrieshaveagreedtodevelopthemoontogether.Allthecountriesareworkinghardtogether_____45_____(open)upnewlivingspaceformankindassoonaspossible.第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.假定你是李華，計劃組織一次班級郊游，請給你的英國朋友Cherry寫封郵件邀請她參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.時間、地點；2.活動具體內(nèi)容。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Intheheartofasmalltownlocatedbetweenrollinghillsandwindingrivers,therelivedateenagernamedLily.Fromayoungage,Lilyunderstoodthepowerofkindness.Despitefacingchallenges,Lilykeptsharingherkindness,whichinspiredthosearoundher.Shewouldspendherweekendsvolunteeringatthelocalanimalshelter,takingcareofthesepoorpets.Withwarmsmilesandthegentletouchofherhandsontheanimals,thesepetstendedtofollowLilywhensheenteredtheshelter.Shealwaysbroughtwell-preparedfoodforthem.Anditwasn’tlongbeforetheanimalsbegantotrustherwithoutfear.Asshevisitedtheanimalshelter,shealsotalkedwithworkerstheretoknowmoreaboutanimals.Lily’skindnesswentbeyondtheshelter.Shemadeithermissiontobrightenthelivesofeveryoneshemet.Whetheritwaslendingalisteningeartoafriendinneedorhelpinganelderlyneighbor,Lily’sactofkindnesswaslikesunshinepiercing(穿透)throughthedarkestofclouds.Despiteherbusyschedule,Lilydidagoodjobonherstudies.Sheapproachedeverychallengewithapositiveattitude,knowingthatwithhardwork,anythingwaspossible.Heractivemindinspiredherclassmatestogoforgreatness.Sheofferedtohelpthosestudentswhowerestrugglingintheirschoolwork.WithLily’shelp,theyfocusedtheirenergyonthestudy.Andsoontheybegantobelieveintheirownabilitiestohaveabetterperformanceatschool.Qneday,asLilywaswalkinghomefromschool,shecameacrossadesertedcommunitygardenoverrunwithweeds(雜草)andlitteredwithrubbish.Mostpeoplewalkedpastwithoutgivingitasecondlook,butLilydidn’t.Shesawthepossibilityofexploringthebeautyhiddeninthegardenandknewshehadtodosomethingaboutit.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右;2.請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。WiththestrengthofpurposeLilycalledtogetherherclassmates._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asdayspassed,wordaboutLily’sprojectspreadaroundthetown._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

高一年級英語考試試卷滿分150分考試時間120分鐘第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFromcarefullyreconstructedsiteslikeChichenItzatotheceremonialtemplesofCalakmul,thesearetheancientMayaruinsnottomissinMexico.ChichenItzaNamedoneoftheNewSevenWondersoftheWorldin2007,thebeautifullypreservedChichenItzainYucatánisMexico’smostfamousMayaruins.Despitethecrowds,fewaredissatisfiedwithElCastillo—acarefullyrestoredpyramidthatrisesup80ftandhas365steps—thelargestMayaballcourtintheAmericas.TulumBuiltinthe13thcentury,TulumwasoneofthelastcitieswheretheMayapeoplelivedandtheonlyonebuiltonthecoast.Thepyramidsherearen’taslargeasotherMayaruinsinMexico,butthesetting,on40ft-highcliffs(懸崖)abovetheCaribbeanwaterssouthofCancun,morethanmakesupforit.CobáHometothetallestpyramidinthestateofQuintanaRoo,CobáwasonceoneofthemostimportantMayacitiesinYucatán.Locatedaround30mileswestofTulumruins,thecitywasbuiltinaround600CEanditeventuallygrewto50,000peoplelivingthere.ThoughmuchofCobáhasyettobeexcavated(發(fā)掘),travellerscanclimbthe138ft-highNohochMul—apyramidthatofferssweepingviewsovertheYucatánrainforest.CalakmulInCampeche’sCalakmulBiosphereReserveneartheborderwithGuatemala,CalakmulisoneofMexico’swildestMayaruins.IthasthelargestandtallestpyramidinYucatánandmorethan6,000buildings,manyofthemcoveredbyrainforest.Thesiteisparticularlybeautifulatsunrise,whenthesurroundingforestcomesalivewithbirdsong.1.WhichisoneoftheNewSevenWondersoftheWorld?A.Cobá. B.Tulum. C.Calakmul. D.ChichenItza.2.WhatisspecialaboutTulum?A.Itfeatures365steps. B.Itwashitbyafloodin2007.C.Itwasbuiltonthecoast. D.ItliesinthenorthofCancun.3.WhatcanyoudoatCalakmul?A.TourthelargestMayaballcourt. B.VisitthetallestpyramidinYucatán.C.Climbthe138ft-highNohochMul. D.Haveabird’s-eyeviewofYucatán.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個墨西哥不容錯過的古瑪雅遺址?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChichenItza部分中“NamedoneoftheNewSevenWondersoftheWorldin2007,thebeautifullypreservedChichenItzainYucatánisMexico’smostfamousMayaruins.(2007年被評為世界新七大奇跡之一，位于Yucatán的奇琴伊察保存完好，是墨西哥最著名的瑪雅遺址)”可知，2007年ChichenItza入選世界新七大奇跡。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tulum部分中“Builtinthe13thcentury,TulumwasoneofthelastcitieswheretheMayapeoplelivedandtheonlyonebuiltonthecoast.(圖盧姆建于13世紀，是瑪雅人最后居住的城市之一，也是唯一一座建在海岸上的城市)”可知，Tulum是唯一一座建在海濱的瑪雅古城。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Calakmul部分中“IthasthelargestandtallestpyramidinYucatánandmorethan6,000buildings,manyofthemcoveredbyrainforest.(它擁有Yucatán中最大和最高的金字塔，以及6000多座建筑，其中許多都被雨林覆蓋)”可知，在Calakmul能參觀Yucatán地區(qū)最高的金字塔。故選B。BEverytimeyouchargeyourcellphone,youarebenefitingfromJohnGoodenough’sexceptionalcreativity.AfterbeingtoldthatmostscientistsmaketheirmajordiscoverieslongbeforetheyhitmiddleageGoodenoughjustsetofftodevelopabatterytechnologythathasmadeourmodernlifepossible.Lithium(鋰)batterieshadbeeninventedbefore.ButGoodenough’sinventionwasanewkindoflithiumbatterythatcanstoreenoughenergytopowerallsortsofelectronicsandislightandsmallenoughtomakethemportable(便攜式的).And,evenbetter,suchabatterywouldchargeandrechargeinamatterofminutes—allwithoutexploding.BorninJena,Germanyin1922,GoodenoughgrewupintheUnitedStatesandmajoredinmathematicsatYaleUniversityandearnedaPh.DinphysicsfromtheUniversityofChicago.HebeganhiscareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),wherehisresearchlaidthegroundworkfordevelopmentofrandom-accessmemory(RAM)forthedigitalcomputer.GoodenoughwasheadoftheInorganicChemistryLaboratoryattheUniversityofOxfordinEnglandwhenhemadehislithiumbatterydiscovery.HejoinedtheTexasUniversityin1986,andwasstillteachingandresearchingbatterymaterialsandengineeringproblemswhenhewontheNobelPrizein2019.Trainedinmathematicsandphysics,Goodenough,whoeventuallybecomesagroundbreakingchemistandmaterialsengineer,doesnoteasilyfitanyexistingclassification(分類).“IwouldlikethephysiciststothinkIamaphysicist,butI’mafraidtheythinkIamachemistandmaterialsengineer.Ontheotherhand,thechemistsandmaterialsengineersthinkIamaphysicist,”heoncejoked.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnGoodenoughfromthefirstparagraph?A.Heisthefirstpersontoinventlithiumbatteries.B.Hemadehismajordiscoveryatarelativelyoldage.C.Hegotalotofsupportandhelpfromtheprojectleaders.D.Hewasconsideredanexceptionallysuccessfulyoungscientist.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Goodenough’sresearchplan. B.Anewkindofbatterymaterial.C.Goodenough’simprovements. D.Theadvantagesoflithiumbatteries.6.WheredidJohnGoodenoughmakehisfirstlithiumbatterydiscovery?A.AttheUniversityofOxford. B.AtYaleUniversity.C.AttheUniversityofChicago. D.AttheTexasUniversity.7.WhatdidJohnGoodenoughmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Majorsareveryimportant. B.Hewasnotwelcomeanywhere.C.Hewasnotagoodphysicist. D.Itisnoteasytoclassifyhisresearch.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由JohnGoodenough改進后的鋰電池，能儲存更多的電量，且重量輕，小巧，方便攜帶?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AfterbeingtoldthatmostscientistsmaketheirmajordiscoverieslongbeforetheyhitmiddleageGoodenoughjustsetofftodevelopabatterytechnologythathasmadeourmodernlifepossible.(在被告知大多數(shù)的科學家在中年之前就做出了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)后，他開始開發(fā)一種電池技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)使現(xiàn)代生活成為可能。)”可知，他得知很多科學家在中年前就做出了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此他決定開始研發(fā)這種電池技術(shù)，故他可能是在相對年長的時候做出的巨大貢獻，故選B。5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Lithium(鋰)batterieshadbeeninventedbefore.ButGoodenough’sinventionwasanewkindoflithiumbatterythatcanstoreenoughenergytopowerallsortsofelectronicsandislightandsmallenoughtomakethemportable(便攜式的).And,evenbetter,suchabatterywouldchargeandrechargeinamatterofminutes—allwithoutexploding.(之前就發(fā)明了鋰電池。但Goodenough發(fā)明的是一種新的鋰電池，它能儲存足夠多的電量來為各種電子產(chǎn)品提供電，而且它輕便，小巧，是便攜式的。并且，更好的是，這樣的電池可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)完成充電和再次充電，而且不會爆炸。)”可知，第二段主要介紹了Goodenough發(fā)明的鋰電池有所改善的地方，故選C。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“GoodenoughwasheadoftheInorganicChemistryLaboratoryattheUniversityofOxfordinEnglandwhenhemadehislithiumbatterydiscovery.(當發(fā)明這款鋰電池時，他在牛津大學擔任無機化學實驗室的主任。)”可知，Goodenough在英國牛津大學擔任無機化學實驗室主任時發(fā)現(xiàn)了鋰電池，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Trainedinmathematicsandphysics,Goodenough,whoeventuallybecomesagroundbreakingchemistandmaterialsengineer,doesnoteasilyfitanyexistingclassification(分類).(受過物理和數(shù)學的培訓的Goodenough，最終成為了一名開創(chuàng)性的化學家和材料工程師，他很難去適應(yīng)任何現(xiàn)有的分類。)”可知，Goodenough受過多領(lǐng)域的培訓，又是著名的化學家和材料工程師，因此他很難將自己的研究歸類，不知道應(yīng)該屬于哪種類別，故選D。CAgirlisdrivingwithherparentswhentheyspotwatercressgrowingbythesideoftheroad.Herparentsstopandtakeheroutofthebackseat.Theyaskhertotakeoffhershoesandrollupherjeanstohelpthemgatherit.ItisthebeginningofthestoryinWatercress,apicturebookwrittenbyAndreaWang.Thestoryisbasedonherchildhood.“MyparentsactuallyspottedwatercressgrowingbythesideoftheroadinOhiowhereIgrewup,”Wangsays.“AndIwashorriblyembarrassedtogetoutandgatherthewatercressfromthedirtywater.ItreallymademeawareofhowdifferentIwasfrommyfriends.Butformyparents,itbroughtbackmemoriesoftheirhomecountryanditwasaconnectiontotheirhomelandthattheyhadleftbehind.”Thefeelingofbeingashamedofourparentsisuniversal.We’veprobablyallexperiencedthatatsomepoint.“Irememberwalking20feetbehindmyparentswhenwewerewalkingdownthestreet,pretendingthatIdidn’tbelongtothem,”Wanglaughs.ThepicturesinWatercresshavedrawninspirationfromChineselandscapepaintings,whichoftenhavemountainscoveredinclouds.“ItalwayshasfeltdreamliketomewhenIlookatthosepaintings.AndIthoughtitwouldbenicetobringitintomybookbecauseofitsthemeofmemory,”Wangexplains.Unlikethelittlegirlinthestory,AndreaWangdidn’thearanystoryaboutherparents’