北京市石景山區(qū)2025屆高三下學(xué)期一?？荚?英語(yǔ) 含解析

石景山區(qū)2025年高三統(tǒng)一練習(xí)英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，共100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文、掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Asastudentplanningtostudymanagement,Irealisedthatclassroomalonewouldn’tbeenoughtofullypreparemeforthechallengesfromtheworld.Eagertogainmarket-relatedexperiencebeforeuniversity,Isteppedintotheworldof____1____thissummer.Inoticedaprobleminmycommunity:theelectricitysupplywasnot____2____,oftenbeinginsufficientandleadingtofrequentpowercutsthataffecteddailylife.Thiscreatedaclearneedforachargingstation,soIdecidedtoopenoneto____3____theissue.Whatstartedasawaytopreparemyselfforcollegequicklyturnedintoameaningfulproject,shapingmyunderstandingofhowbusinesscannotonly____4____practicalneedsbutalsomakealastingimpactinacommunity.Theresponsetomybusinesswas____5____.Onthefirstthreedaysalone,Imade$406.Thaiinitialsuccesswasmorethanjustencouraging—itwas____6____thatIwassolvingarealproblemandthatthemarketwasthereformyservices.Seeingpeoplestreamintothecentre,gratefulforthechargingservice,____7____mybeliefthatbusinessisaboutaddressingneedsandservingothers.Thejourneyofstartingthisbusinesswasnotwithoutchallenges.WhenIneeded____8____tostartthebusiness,Inegotiatedwithmyrelativestogivemetwocows,whichIthensoldtoraisefunds.Ialsodrewontechnicalskillstohandletheelectricalworkmyself,which____9____mystartupcosts.Today,thechargingcenterisalivewithactivities.TheskillsI’veacquiredwillcertainlyservemewellaslbeginmyuniversityjourney.Lookingback,Icanseehowthese_____10_____lessonshavesetastageforthefuture.1.A.medicine B.literature C.business D.science2.A.reliable B.private C.affordable D.renewable3.A.discuss B.raise C.report D.address4.A.promote B.replace C.meet D.guide5.A.disappointing B.incredible C.strange D.embarrassing6.A.proof B.doubt C.hope D.fear7.A.confused B.challenged C.confirmed D.changed8.A.income B.capital C.price D.profit9.A.estimated B.provided C.doubled D.reduced10.A.practical B.classic C.familiar D.cultural【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.B9.D10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者為了在大學(xué)前積累市場(chǎng)相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開(kāi)始創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)充電站的過(guò)程和感悟?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：渴望在大學(xué)前獲得與市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，今年夏天我踏入了商業(yè)世界。A.medicine醫(yī)學(xué)；B.literature文學(xué)；C.business商業(yè)；D.science科學(xué)。根據(jù)上文“Eagertogainmarket-relatedexperience”可知，作者想要獲得與市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此踏入了商業(yè)世界。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我注意到我的社區(qū)存在一個(gè)問(wèn)題：電力供應(yīng)不可靠，經(jīng)常不足，導(dǎo)致頻繁停電，影響日常生活。A.reliable可靠的；B.private私人的；C.affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的；D.renewable可再生的。根據(jù)下文“oftenbeinginsufficientandleadingtofrequentpowercuts”可知，電力供應(yīng)不足，導(dǎo)致頻繁停電，說(shuō)明電力供應(yīng)不可靠。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這產(chǎn)生了對(duì)充電站的明顯需求，所以我決定開(kāi)設(shè)一個(gè)來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。A.discuss討論；B.raise提高；C.report報(bào)告；D.address解決。根據(jù)上文“Thiscreatedaclearneedforachargingstation”可知，社區(qū)需要充電站，所以作者決定開(kāi)設(shè)一個(gè)來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)最初只是為了為大學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備的項(xiàng)目，很快變成了一個(gè)有意義的項(xiàng)目，塑造了我對(duì)商業(yè)如何不僅能滿足實(shí)際需求，還能在社區(qū)中產(chǎn)生持久影響的理解。A.promote促進(jìn)；B.replace替換；C.meet滿足；D.guide指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“practicalneeds”可知，此處指滿足實(shí)際需求。故選C。【5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的生意反響令人難以置信。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.incredible難以置信的；C.strange奇怪的；D.embarrassing尷尬的。根據(jù)下文“Onthefirstthreedaysalone,Imade$406.”可知，作者三天就賺了406美元，說(shuō)明生意反響令人難以置信。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一初步的成功不僅僅是鼓舞人心的——它證明了我正在解決一個(gè)真正的問(wèn)題，而且我的服務(wù)有市場(chǎng)。A.proof證明；B.doubt懷疑；C.hope希望；D.fear恐懼。根據(jù)下文“thatIwassolvingarealproblemandthatthemarketwasthereformyservices”可知，作者的生意成功證明了他正在解決一個(gè)真正的問(wèn)題，而且他的服務(wù)有市場(chǎng)。故選A。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：看到人們涌入中心，對(duì)充電服務(wù)表示感謝，這證實(shí)了我的信念：商業(yè)就是滿足需求，為他人服務(wù)。A.confused使困惑；B.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；C.confirmed證實(shí)；D.changed改變。根據(jù)下文“mybeliefthatbusinessisaboutaddressingneedsandservingothers”可知，人們的反應(yīng)證實(shí)了作者對(duì)商業(yè)的信念。故選C。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我需要資金來(lái)創(chuàng)業(yè)時(shí)，我與親戚談判，讓他們給我兩頭牛，然后我把牛賣掉來(lái)籌集資金。A.income收入；B.capital資金；C.price價(jià)格；D.profit利潤(rùn)。根據(jù)下文“whichIthensoldtoraisefunds”可知，作者賣掉牛來(lái)籌集資金，說(shuō)明他創(chuàng)業(yè)時(shí)需要資金。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我還利用技術(shù)技能自己處理電工工作，這降低了我的創(chuàng)業(yè)成本。A.estimated估計(jì)；B.provided提供；C.doubled加倍；D.reduced減少。根據(jù)上文“Ialsodrewontechnicalskillstohandletheelectricalworkmyself”可知，作者自己處理電工工作，這降低了他的創(chuàng)業(yè)成本。故選D。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：回顧過(guò)去，我可以看到這些實(shí)踐課程如何為未來(lái)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。A.practical實(shí)際的；B.classic經(jīng)典的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.cultural文化的。根據(jù)上文作者創(chuàng)業(yè)的經(jīng)歷可知，作者從中學(xué)到了實(shí)際的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這些實(shí)踐課程為他的未來(lái)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。故選A。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Releasedin2023,DeepSeekis____11____open-sourceartificialintelligencesystem.Userscandownload,changeandevenrunitlocally____12____(satisfy)theirspecifictechnicalrequirements.Itslatestmodel,V3.5,deliversexceptionalperformanceinreasoning,textgeneration,anddataanalysistasks.ManyusersarechoosingDeepSeeknotonlyforitspowerfulfeaturesbutalsoforits____13____(low)costscomparedtoanyotheroptiononthemarket.【答案】11.an12.tosatisfy13.lower【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了2023年發(fā)布的開(kāi)源人工智能系統(tǒng)DeepSeek?！?1題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：DeepSeek是2023年發(fā)布的一款開(kāi)源人工智能系統(tǒng)。system為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，且open-source發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，需用不定冠詞an修飾。故填an?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：用戶可以下載、修改甚至在本地運(yùn)行它，以滿足其特定的技術(shù)需求?？仗幾髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)，需用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填tosatisfy。【13題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：許多用戶選擇DeepSeek，不僅因?yàn)槠涔δ軓?qiáng)大，而且與市場(chǎng)上其他選項(xiàng)相比，它的成本更低。根據(jù)下文的“comparedtoanyotheroptiononthemarket”可知，是將DeepSeek與市場(chǎng)上的其他選擇進(jìn)行比較，所以要用形容詞的比較級(jí)“l(fā)ower”，表示“更低的”，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞costs。故填lower。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thefirstpublichotline,____14____isatoolforenhancingcitizenparticipationandimprovingcitymanagement,startedinLondonin1937.InChina,thegovernmenthotline____15____(launch)inbigcitiesduringthe1980sandlaterimprovedtobeacitizenserviceplatformin2019.Now,inBeijing,morethan1,700operatorsdealwithover60,000callseachday.Thissystem____16____(promote)interactionbetweencitizensandthecity,____17____(respond)totheirappealsandmakingthecityabetterplace.【答案】14.which15.waslaunched16.promotes17.responding【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了公共熱線的起源及其在中國(guó)的發(fā)展。【14題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：第一條公共熱線于1937年在倫敦開(kāi)通，是加強(qiáng)公民參與和改善城市管理的工具?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Thefirstpublichotline，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句。故填which?！?5題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在中國(guó)，政府熱線于20世紀(jì)80年代在大城市推出，后來(lái)在2019年改進(jìn)為公民服務(wù)平臺(tái)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)duringthe1980s可知，句子使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，launch與主語(yǔ)thegovernmenthotline

之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是thegovernmenthotline

，be動(dòng)詞使用was。故填waslaunched。【16題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)了公民與城市之間的互動(dòng)，回應(yīng)了他們的訴求，使城市變得更美好。句子描述一般事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Thissystem是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填promotes?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)了公民與城市之間的互動(dòng)，回應(yīng)了他們的訴求，使城市變得更美好?？仗幾鞣侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，respond與邏輯主語(yǔ)Thissystem之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填responding。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Scrollingthroughthephone,ZhangYangnoticedChongqingsubway-through-buildingvideosweregainingmassiveattention.Curious,hesearchedthedataandfoundthattheforeigntouristarrivals____18____(keep)risingsteadilyevenbeforethesevideosOSSsurfaced.____19____(inspire)bythisupwardtrend,hejoinedatravelstartupandsetaboutdesigningpersonalisedculturaltrips.Asaresult,his____20____(booking)havedoubledthesedays,provingthatsuchtripsareattractingmoreforeigntravelersthancrowdedtouristspotswhentheylookformeaningfulconnectionswithlocalculture.【答案】18.hadkept19.Inspired20.bookings【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了張陽(yáng)觀察到重慶地鐵穿樓視頻走紅，發(fā)現(xiàn)外國(guó)游客數(shù)量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，因此加入旅游創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的小故事?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：出于好奇，他查閱數(shù)據(jù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這些視頻走紅之前，外國(guó)游客數(shù)量一直在穩(wěn)步上升。句中第一個(gè)that到句末是賓語(yǔ)從句，空處需要填入的是賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。又根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“evenbeforethesevideossurfaced”可知，時(shí)間狀從中使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)surfaced，空處要填的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于該動(dòng)作之前，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadkept?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：受到這一上升趨勢(shì)的啟發(fā)，他加入一家旅游創(chuàng)業(yè)公司，開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)個(gè)性化的文化旅行項(xiàng)目。句中有并列的謂語(yǔ)joined和setabout，空處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子主語(yǔ)he與動(dòng)詞inspire之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“他被趨勢(shì)所啟發(fā)”，需用過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)nspired。【20題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：因此，近日他的預(yù)訂量翻倍，證明這類旅行在外國(guó)游客尋求與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕幸饬x的連接時(shí)，比擁擠的景點(diǎn)更具吸引力。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞havedoubled可知，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，且booking指“預(yù)訂量”時(shí)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式bookings。故填bookings。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheAIScholarsProgramme(AISP)offershighschoolstudentsworldwideafour-week,on-campusexperienceinartificialintelligence(AI)atWestbridgeTechnologyUniversity(WTU),connectingthemwithleadingAIresearchers.Thisfully-fundedprogrammecoverscoursefees,housingandprogramme-relatedfieldtrips.CoursePlanAvirtualPythonpreparationcoursebeginsonemonthpriortothestartofthecampusprogramme.Codingexperienceisnotrequired,andinstructorsupportwillbeavailableforallstudents.CoreacademicmodulesincludelecturesonusingAIfairlyandsafely,alongwithin-depthseminarsledbyWTUteachingstaffthatexplorecurrentAIresearchprojects.StudentswillapplynewlyacquiredAIskillstoreal-worldchallengesinahands-ongroupproject,whichwillbepresentedattheAISPclosingceremony.SitevisitswithindustryleadersarealsoincludedtoexploreemergingcareerpathsintheAIfield,alongwithacademicwritingworkshopsforcollegeapplication.ApplicationRequirementsStudentsapplyingforAISPmustbeatleast16yearsold.ThecompleteapplicationforAISPwillconsistof：anonlineapplicationform;officialhighschoolrecordsofacademicperformanceandextra-curricularactivities;apersonalstatementdemonstratingcuriosityinAIresearchandcommitmenttosociallyresponsibleinnovation.Applicantsarestronglyencouragedtosubmitaonemaximumsummaryoftheresearchproposal,clarifyinghowtheprojectusesAI,itsimportanceandintendedoutcomes.Thiswillprovidevaluableinformationabouttheapplicant’sresearchpotential,technicalskills,andabilitytoplanandcommunicatetheirresearchgoals.Applicationsof2025programmecloseonApril15,2025,withinterviewsconductedthroughMay.Clickheretostartyourapplication.21.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheAISP?A.ToengagestudentsinAIexploration.B.ToadvocatecooperationinAIresearch.C.ToprovidecareerguidanceinAIindustry.D.TopromotetheprinciplesofAIapplications.22.Whatcanstudentslearnfromtheprogramme?A.AcademicwritingonAIdevelopment.B.WaystowriteanAIresearchproposal.C.AIskillsforsolvingproblemsinreality.D.AdvancedmathsandphysicswithAIfocus.23.Tobeconsideredfortheprogramme,studentsshould.A.paythetuitionfeesinadvanceB.uploadarecommendationletterC.submitanonlineapplicationforminMayD.provideschoolrecordsandapersonalstatement【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了西橋科技大學(xué)的AI學(xué)者項(xiàng)目，含課程計(jì)劃、申請(qǐng)要求，旨在讓高中生體驗(yàn)AI，項(xiàng)目全資助，2025年4月15日截止申請(qǐng)。21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheAIScholarsProgramme(AISP)offershighschoolstudentsworldwideafour-week,on-campusexperienceinartificialintelligence(AI)atWestbridgeTechnologyUniversity(WTU),connectingthemwithleadingAIresearchers.(人工學(xué)者項(xiàng)目（AISP）為全球高中生提供為期四周的WestbridgeTechnologyUniversity（WTU）人工智能校園體驗(yàn)，將他們與領(lǐng)先的AI研究人員聯(lián)系起來(lái))”可知，整個(gè)項(xiàng)目圍繞讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)和探索AI展開(kāi)，其主要目的是讓學(xué)生參與到AI探索中。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CoursePlan部分“StudentswillapplynewlyacquiredAIskillstoreal-worldchallengesinahands-ongroupproject,whichwillbepresentedattheAISPclosingceremony.(學(xué)生將在AISP閉幕式上展示的實(shí)踐小組項(xiàng)目中，將新獲得的人工智能技能應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，學(xué)生們將在一個(gè)實(shí)際操作的小組項(xiàng)目中，把新學(xué)到的人工智能技能應(yīng)用到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的挑戰(zhàn)中，這表明學(xué)生可以從該項(xiàng)目中學(xué)到用于解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題的AI技能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ApplicationRequirements部分“ ThecompleteapplicationforAISPwillconsistof :anonlineapplicationform;officialhighschoolrecordsofacademicperformanceandextra-curricularactivities;apersonalstatementdemonstratingcuriosityinAIresearchandcommitmenttosociallyresponsibleinnovation.(申請(qǐng)AISP的學(xué)生必須年滿16歲。AISP的完整申請(qǐng)將包括：在線申請(qǐng)表；官方高中學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)和課外活動(dòng)記錄；一份個(gè)人陳述，展示了對(duì)人工智能研究的好奇心和對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任創(chuàng)新的承諾)”可知，要申請(qǐng)?jiān)擁?xiàng)目，學(xué)生應(yīng)該提供學(xué)校記錄和個(gè)人陳述。故選D項(xiàng)。BInmyearlyforties,Ibeganpaintingwithwatercolours.Eachbrushstrokeonpaperturnedintoapersonallanguage,allowingmetoexpresstheinexpressible.Thefeelingofcolourbeingabsorbedintothepaperwascalming,yetitleftmelongingforsomethingdeeper.Overtime,Ibecamemoreinterestedinoilpaints.Althoughtheytooklongertodry,theyofferedmeasenseofcontrol.Layersofpaintscombinedsmoothly,creatingathree-dimensionaleffectthatwatercolourscouldn’tcopy.Oilpaintsgrantedmethepreciousopportunitytotakeafewstepsback,asifIwereacuriousexplorerapproachingahiddenlandscape.However,workingwithoilpaintswasn’teasy.Gettingtherightshineorthicknessrequiredpatience,andattimes,Ifeltannoyedbymylackofprogress.Coloursdidn’talwaysbehaveasexpected,andIstruggledtoachievethevisioninmymind.ButthemoreIpersisted,themoreIunderstoodoilpaints.Theybalancedsoftnesswithdepth,givingmethechancetocreatebothdelicateandgrandimages.Theprocessofpaintingbecamereflective,apracticeofexploringcolours,textures(紋理)andemotions—sometimesrough,sometimespeaceful,butalwaysrewarding.Oneevening,Inoticedastrangeshadeofblueonmycanvas(畫布).Itseemedoutofplace,asifitdidn’tbelong.Myheartskippedabeat,andIstaredatit,uncertainifitwaspartofmyrecentworkoratrickoftheeye.AsIsteppedbacktoexaminethecanvas,theblueshadeslowlybegantomakesense.Itwasnotanerrorbutaninvitation—anunplannedelementthataddeddepthtothepieceinawayIhadn’texpected.Atthatmoment,Irealisedthatpainting,muchlikelife,wasnotaboutcompletecontrolbutaboutembracingtheunexpected.Fromthenon,Iapproachedmyworkwithanewsenseofcuriosity.Iletcoloursblendmorefreely,allowedaccidentalmistakestobecomepartofthecomposition,andacceptedthateverybrushstrokecarrieditsownstory.Oilpaintingnotonlygavemeamediumtoexpressmyselfbutalsotaughtmepatience,resilience,andthebeautyofdiscovery.Lookingatmyfinishedwork,Inolongersawjustlayersofpaints.Isawmomentsofstruggle,joy,andgrowthwovenintothecanvas—areminderthatart,likeany,isasmuchabouttheprocessasitisaboutthefinalmasterpiece.24.Whydidtheauthorturntooilpaints?A.Toenhancecreativity. B.Tosavepaintingtime.C.Toseekdeeperartisticcontrol. D.Toimprovepaintingskills.25.Whatchallengedidtheauthorfacewhenworkingwithoilpaints?A.Balancingsoftnessandsharpness. B.Creatingathree-dimensionaleffect.C.Achievingtherightshineandthickness. D.Controllingthedryingtimeofthepaints.26.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Artisajourneyofwelcomingimperfections.B.Agoodpictureisworthathousandwords.C.Beautyistheultimategoaloffineart.D.Creatingisaboutexploringidealself.【答案】24.C25.C26.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者從水彩畫轉(zhuǎn)向油畫的過(guò)程，以及在油畫創(chuàng)作中所遇到的挑戰(zhàn)和感悟?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Overtime,Ibecamemoreinterestedinoilpaints.Althoughtheytooklongertodry,theyofferedmeasenseofcontrol.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，我對(duì)油畫越來(lái)越感興趣。雖然它們需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)干燥，但它們給了我一種控制感。)”可知，作者轉(zhuǎn)向油畫是因?yàn)橛彤嫿o了作者一種控制感，也就是讓作者能尋求更深層次的藝術(shù)控制。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,workingwithoilpaintswasn’teasy.Gettingtherightshineorthicknessrequiredpatience,andattimes,Ifeltannoyedbymylackofprogress.(然而，用油畫顏料作畫并不容易。要想獲得合適的光澤度或厚度，需要耐心，有時(shí)，我因?yàn)槿狈M(jìn)展而感到惱火。)”可知，作者在使用油畫顏料時(shí)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是達(dá)到合適的光澤度和厚度。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Atthatmoment,Irealisedthatpainting,muchlikelife,wasnotaboutcompletecontrolbutaboutembracingtheunexpected.(那一刻，我意識(shí)到，繪畫就像生活一樣，不是關(guān)于完全的控制，而是關(guān)于接受意想不到的事情。)”和最后一段“Lookingatmyfinishedwork,Inolongersawjustlayersofpaints.Isawmomentsofstruggle,joy,andgrowthwovenintothecanvas—areminderthatart,likeany,isasmuchabouttheprocessasitisaboutthefinalmasterpiece.(看著我完成的作品，我不再只是看到一層層的顏料。我看到了掙扎、喜悅和成長(zhǎng)的瞬間交織在畫布上——這提醒我們，藝術(shù)和其他任何事物一樣，既關(guān)乎過(guò)程，也關(guān)乎最終的杰作。)”可知，作者想要傳達(dá)的信息是藝術(shù)是一場(chǎng)接納不完美的旅程。故選A。CResearchersfromtheNeuroMindInstitutehavedevelopedanewsystemthatusespredator(捕食者)robotstochase(追逐)larval(幼體的)zebrafishinanopenwater.Thisinnovativeapproachishelpingscientistsstudyhowtheyoungfishrapidlylearnandadaptinreal-worldconditions.Larvalzebrafishareavaluabletoolforneuroscientistsbecausetheirtransparencyenableseasystudyofthebrainandbehaviour.However,it’sbeendifficultforscientiststostudylearninginthesedevelopingvertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)—animportantpartofunderstandinghowthebrainworks.Previousresearchfoundyoungzebrafishcouldlearnsimpleassociations.Butthistypeoflearninghappensslowlyandoftenunreliably,anditwasstillunclearwhetherdays-oldzebrafishcanlearnfastenoughtousetheirmemoryinnaturalsituations,likerecognizingandavoidingnewpredators.Theresearchersthoughtthattraditionalwaysoftestinglearninginlarvalzebrafishinthelab,wheretheconditionswerefarfromwhatthefishwouldencounterinthewild,mightnotbeeffectiveforuncoveringhowthefishlearn.Tomodelareal-lifesituation,theresearchersusedsmallroboticcylinders(圓柱體),withsomeprogrammedtoshowpredator-likecharacteristics.Theresearcherscreatedthedynamics:theyfirstplacedarobotthatstayedstillwithafree-swimmingzebrafish;aftertherobotchasedthefishforaminute,thefishbeganavoidingtherobot’sareaformorethananhour—abigchangefromthenon-avoidantbehaviourbeforethechaseexperience.Whenasecondrobotwasintroducedthatdidnotchasethefish,thezebrafishonlyavoidedthechasingrobot,showingthattheycoulddistinguishbetweenathreatandanon-threat.Usingthissystem,theresearchersmadeanunexpecteddiscoverythatnotonlycouldlarvalzebrafishlearnextremelyquicklyinamorenaturalcontext,buttheycouldalsodosojustfivedaysafterbeginningtheirlivesassinglecells.Thiswasparticularlysurprisinggiventhefactthatadevelopingzebrafishlarvacontainsjustonepercentorsooftheneurons(神經(jīng)元)initsadultform.Thefindingssuggestthatsomeessentiallearningabilities,likerecognizingpredators,emergeearlyinlifeandarecriticalforsurvival.Furtherbrainimagingrevealsthatdifferentregionsofthezebrafishbrainareinvolvedinthisrapidlearning:thehindbrain,aregioncontrollingessentialfunctions,respondstotheapproachingpredator;theforebrain,aregionassociatedwithlearningandplanning,encodesthepresenceofthepredatorrobot;andthehabenula,anotherbrainarea,signalsavoidanceoutcomes.Alltheseregionsarenecessaryforlearning,andsilencinganyofthemremovestheabilityofthefishtolearn.Itisbelievedthatthenewworkcouldofferinsightsintohowotherbrainsprocessreal-worldthreats.27.Whydidtheresearchersdevelopanewsystemwithlarvalzebrafish?A.Toobservetheirhuntingbehaviours. B.Toidentifytheirsimpleassociations.C.Toexaminetheirbraincharacteristics. D.Touncovertheirlearninginnaturalsettings.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dynamics”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Interaction. B.Function. C.Structure. D.Standard.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutlarvalzebrafish?A.Theycandistinguishbetweenrobotsandfish.B.Theylearnfastthroughamulti-regionalbrainnetwork.C.Theydeveloplearningabilitieswhenreachingadulthood.D.Theycanrecognisepredatorswithmuchneuronsneeded.30.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Explainingtherobotdesignusedintheexperiment.B.Exploringdangerprocessinginotherspecies’brains.C.Analysingtheconnectionbetweenlearningandplanning.D.Describingzebrafishbehavioursindifferentsurroundings.【答案】27D28.A29.B30.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員用捕食者機(jī)器人追逐幼體斑馬魚來(lái)研究其學(xué)習(xí)能力，發(fā)現(xiàn)其能快速學(xué)習(xí)，且多腦區(qū)參與，或可啟示其他大腦。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersthoughtthattraditionalwaysoftestinglearninginlarvalzebrafishinthelab,wheretheconditionswerefarfromwhatthefishwouldencounterinthewild,mightnotbeeffectiveforuncoveringhowthefishlearn.Tomodelareal-lifesituation,theresearchersusedsmallroboticcylinders(圓柱體),withsomeprogrammedtoshowpredator-likecharacteristics.(研究人員認(rèn)為，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中測(cè)試斑馬魚幼蟲學(xué)習(xí)的傳統(tǒng)方法可能無(wú)法有效揭示魚類的學(xué)習(xí)方式，因?yàn)槟抢锏臈l件與野生斑馬魚的情況相去甚遠(yuǎn)。為了模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的情況，研究人員使用了小型機(jī)器人圓柱體，其中一些被編程為顯示捕食者般的特征)”可推知，研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)新系統(tǒng)是為了揭示幼體斑馬魚在自然環(huán)境中的學(xué)習(xí)情況，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的測(cè)試方法難以揭示它們?cè)谧匀磺闆r下的學(xué)習(xí)方式。故選D項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Theresearcherscreatedthedynamics:theyfirstplacedarobotthatstayedstillwithafree-swimmingzebrafish;aftertherobotchasedthefishforaminute,thefishbeganavoidingtherobot’sareaformorethananhour—abigchangefromthenon-avoidantbehaviourbeforethechaseexperience.Whenasecondrobotwasintroducedthatdidnotchasethefish,thezebrafishonlyavoidedthechasingrobot,showingthattheycoulddistinguishbetweenathreatandanon-threat.(研究人員創(chuàng)造了dynamics：他們首先將一個(gè)靜止的機(jī)器人放在一條自由游動(dòng)的斑馬魚身上；在機(jī)器人追逐魚一分鐘后，魚開(kāi)始避開(kāi)機(jī)器人的區(qū)域一個(gè)多小時(shí)，這與追逐體驗(yàn)前的非回避行為相比發(fā)生了很大變化。當(dāng)引入第二個(gè)不追逐魚的機(jī)器人時(shí)，斑馬魚只是避開(kāi)了追逐的機(jī)器人，表明它們可以區(qū)分威脅和非威脅)”可知，研究人員創(chuàng)造了這種dynamics，后面描述了機(jī)器人和斑馬魚之間的互動(dòng)過(guò)程，所以dynamics在這里指的是機(jī)器人和斑馬魚之間的“互動(dòng)”，與Interaction意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Furtherbrainimagingrevealsthatdifferentregionsofthezebrafishbrainareinvolvedinthisrapidlearning:thehindbrain,aregioncontrollingessentialfunctions,respondstotheapproachingpredator;theforebrain,aregionassociatedwithlearningandplanning,encodesthepresenceofthepredatorrobot;andthehabenula,anotherbrainarea,signalsavoidanceoutcomes.Alltheseregionsarenecessaryforlearning,andsilencinganyofthemremovestheabilityofthefishtolearn.(進(jìn)一步的腦成像顯示，斑馬魚大腦的不同區(qū)域參與了這種快速學(xué)習(xí)：后腦是一個(gè)控制基本功能的區(qū)域，對(duì)接近的捕食者做出反應(yīng)；前腦是一個(gè)與學(xué)習(xí)和規(guī)劃相關(guān)的區(qū)域，對(duì)捕食者機(jī)器人的存在進(jìn)行編碼；韁核是另一個(gè)大腦區(qū)域，它發(fā)出回避結(jié)果的信號(hào)。所有這些區(qū)域都是學(xué)習(xí)所必需的，沉默其中任何一個(gè)區(qū)域都會(huì)剝奪魚的學(xué)習(xí)能力)”可知，幼體斑馬魚的后腦、前腦和韁核等不同腦區(qū)都參與了這種快速學(xué)習(xí)，它們通過(guò)一個(gè)多腦區(qū)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)快速學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisbelievedthatthenewworkcouldofferinsightsintohowotherbrainsprocessreal-worldthreats.(據(jù)信，這項(xiàng)新工作可以為其他大腦如何處理現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的威脅提供見(jiàn)解)”可知，這項(xiàng)新工作可能會(huì)為了解其他大腦如何處理現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的威脅提供見(jiàn)解。由此推知，接下來(lái)作者最有可能討論的是探索其他物種大腦中對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的處理情況。故選B項(xiàng)。DThemoonstandsalone.Uniqueintheuniverse,itisalifelessandsunbakedwastelandthatharbourslittleexceptwhatwebringtoit.Butthatisabouttochange.HalfacenturyaftertheApolloprogramme,aprivatespacecraftNova-Cmadethefirsttouchdownonthemoonsuccessfully,bearingscientificinstruments,microfiche(微縮膠片)storydisks,cameras,andsculpturestostayonthemoonforever.Itssuccesswouldpromisemanymore.Thoughitmayseemlikeanexcitingoutlookforhumanity’sspaceexplorationambitions,italsosignalsafuturewherethemoonbecomesahotbedofungovernedbusinessoperationsthatwillirreversibly(不可逆地)transformit.Forthefirsttime,privatecapitalhasreachedthemoon,expandingbeyondscientificgoals.Thisallowsprivatelanders,evenwhencarryinggovernmentscienceexperiments,toincludeadditionalnon-scientificpayloads(有酬負(fù)載)forothercustomers.Itemsboundtoraisevariousobjections,suchashumancremains(骨灰)anddehydratedwaterbearsfrompastmissions,havecausedconcernsaboutbiologicalmaterialsonthemoon.There’realotmoreplannedforfuturelaunches,likelysparkingfurtherdebate.Beforethisdecadeisout,withapowerfulenoughtelescope,youmaybeabletoseeevidenceofhumanconstructionorevenhabitationonthemoon.In2023,theglobalspaceindustrywasvaluedat$469billion,expectedtoexceed$1trillionby2030,drivenbygrowingsatelliteuseinmanufacturing,power,anddata.“Wearenowatatippingpoint,whereideaspreviouslylimitedtosciencefictionrepresentattractiveinvestmentprojects,”areportread.Avoluntaryagreementhasbeenusedsince2020tofosterlunarcooperation.Itpromotesinternationalstandards,emergencyassistanceanddatasharing.However,italsoallowsforexploiting(開(kāi)采)lunarresourceslikedust,water,rareearthelementsandothermaterials.ExploringthemoonhasvalueforscienceandpotentialbenefitsforEarthbuthumansoftenturnexplorationintoexploitation,andthemoonmayfacethesamefate.Themoonwon’tbealoneforlong.Butitisandwillforeverbequiet.Itplayshosttonothunderstorms,nocrashingwaves,nobirdsongsandnoanthems(國(guó)歌).Wemustbeitsvoice.Wewillsoonchangeitssurface,andourrelationshiptoit,forever.Attheveryleast,weowethemoonaconsidereddiscussionofwhyandhowwewilldoso.31.Whatistheauthor’sconcernaboutthemoon’sfuture?A.Unregulatedcommercialactivities. B.Illegalhumanconstruction.C.Limitedpayloadcarriedtothemoon. D.Alackofscientificmissions.32.The“tippingpoint”inParagraph4indicatesthechange.A.fromcooperationtocompetition B.fromsciencetotradeC.fromlunarlandingtosettlement D.fromfantasytoadventure33.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Lunarresourceexplorationholdsgreatpromise.B.Massiveinvestmentisbeneficialtolunardevelopment.C.Non-scientificactivitiescantestlunarenvironmentallimits.D.Theexistingagreementisinsufficientincontrollingover-exploitation.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ThePromisingMoon:PlaygroundforAllB.TheMoon’sEdge:AmbitionMeetsRealityC.TheMoon’sFuture:UncovertheUnknownD.TheSilentMoon:Humanity’sResponsibility【答案】31.A32.B33.D34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了私人資本進(jìn)入月球，商業(yè)活動(dòng)興起，作者擔(dān)憂月球面臨過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)人類對(duì)月球負(fù)有責(zé)任?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughitmayseemlikeanexcitingoutlookforhumanity’sspaceexplorationambitions,italsosignalsafuturewherethemoonbecomesahotbedofungovernedbusinessoperationsthatwillirreversibly(不可逆地)transformit.(盡管這似乎是人類太空探索野心的一個(gè)令人興奮的前景，但它也預(yù)示著未來(lái)月球?qū)⒊蔀椴皇芸刂频纳虡I(yè)活動(dòng)的溫床，這將不可逆轉(zhuǎn)地改變它)”可知，作者擔(dān)心的是月球未來(lái)會(huì)成為不受監(jiān)管的商業(yè)活動(dòng)的溫床，即未受規(guī)范的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。故選A。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Forthefirsttime,privatecapitalhasreachedthemoon,expandingbeyondscientificgoals.Thisallowsprivatelanders,evenwhencarryinggovernmentscienceexperiments,toincludeadditionalnon-scientificpayloads(有酬負(fù)載)forothercustomers.(私人資本首次登上月球，超越了科學(xué)目標(biāo)。這使得私人著陸器，即使在攜帶政府科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，也可以為其他客戶提供額外的非科學(xué)有酬負(fù)載)”以及第四段“‘Wearenowatatippingpoint,whereideaspreviouslylimitedtosciencefictionrepresentattractiveinvestmentprojects,’areportread.(我們現(xiàn)在正處于一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，以前僅限于科幻小說(shuō)的想法代表了有吸引力的投資項(xiàng)目)”可知，私人資本進(jìn)入月球，商業(yè)活動(dòng)興起，以前科幻小說(shuō)里的想法現(xiàn)在成為了有吸引力的投資項(xiàng)目，因此tippingpoint指的是從科學(xué)到貿(mào)易的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Avoluntaryagreementhasbeenusedsince2020tofosterlunarcooperation.Itpromotesinternationalstandards,emergencyassistanceanddatasharing.However,italsoallowsforexploiting(開(kāi)采)lunarresourceslikedust,water,rareearthelementsandothermaterials.(自2020年以來(lái)，一項(xiàng)自愿協(xié)議一直被用來(lái)促進(jìn)月球合作。它促進(jìn)了國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、緊急援助和數(shù)據(jù)共享。然而，它也允許開(kāi)采月球資源，如灰塵、水、稀土元素和其他材料)”可知，現(xiàn)有協(xié)議雖然促進(jìn)合作等，但也允許開(kāi)采月球資源，可推知它在控制過(guò)度開(kāi)采方面是不足的。故選D?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Themoonstandsalone.Uniqueintheuniverse,itisalifelessandsunbakedwastelandthatharbourslittleexceptwhatwebringtoit.(月亮孤零零地待著。它是宇宙中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，是一片沒(méi)有生命、被陽(yáng)光曬得黝黑的荒地，除了我們帶給它的東西外，幾乎什么都沒(méi)有)”、最后一段“Themoonwon’tbealoneforlong.Butitisandwillforeverbequiet.Itplaysho