2025版高考英語一輪復習課時提能練21Greatscientists含解析新人教版

PAGE1-課時提能練(二十一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·桂林模擬)Youmaybefamiliarwiththefollowingfamouspeople，buthaveyouheardoftheirgraduationspeeches，inwhichtheyeithersharetheirunforgettableexperiencesorgiveyousomegreatinspiration?●MichaelDell，UniversityofTexasatAustinAndnowyou'veaccomplishedsomethinggreatandimportanthere，andit'stimeforyoutomoveontowhat'snext.Andyoumustnotletanythingpreventyoufromtakingthosefirststeps...Youmustalsocommittotheadventure.Justhavefaithintheskillsandtheknowledgeyou'vebeenblessedwithandgo.●J.K.Rowling，HarvardUniversityHalfmylifetimeago，Iwasstrikinganuneasybalancebetweenmyambitionandtheexpectationsfrommyparentswhowerenotrich...ButwhatIfearedmostformyselfatyouragewasnotpoverty，butfailure.ThefactthatyouaregraduatingfromHarvardsuggeststhatyouknowlittleaboutfailure.Youmightbedrivenbyafearoffailurequiteasmuchasadesireforsuccess.●SteveJobs，StanfordUniversitySometimeslife'sgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don'tlosefaith...Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife，andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork，andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven'tfoundityet，keeplooking，anddon'tsettle.●BillGates，HarvardUniversityWeneedasmanypeopleaspossibletohaveaccesstotheadvancedtechnologytoleadtoarevolutioninwhathumanbeingscandoforoneanother.Theyaremakingitpossiblenotjustfornationalgovernments，butforuniversities，smallerorganizations，andevenindividualstoseeproblems，seeapproachesanddealwiththeworld'sinequities(不公允)likehunger，povertyandsoon.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了四位世界聞名人物的畢業(yè)演講，包括邁克爾·戴爾、J.K.羅琳、史蒂夫·喬布斯和比爾·蓋茨。1．WhatMichaelDellsaidistourgeusto________．A．listentoourheartB．learnfromourmistakesC．followothers'exampleD．pursueourdreamsD[推理推斷題。依據(jù)題干關鍵詞“MichaelDell”定位至其次段，由其次段第一句“Andnowyou'veaccomplishedsomethinggreatandimportanthere，andit'stimeforyoutomoveontowhat'snext”可知，邁克爾·戴爾認為畢業(yè)之時是接著前進的時候；依據(jù)其次段第三、四句“Youmustalsocommittotheadventure.Justhavefaithintheskillsandtheknowledgeyou'vebeenblessedwithandgo”可知，他還激勵人們勇于探究冒險，鼓足信念，用自己的技能和學問接著前進；據(jù)此可以推斷，邁克爾·戴爾激勵人們追求自己的幻想，故D項正確。]2．WhatdidJ．K.Rowlingfearmostwhenshewasstudyinginuniversity?A．Failure. B．Hunger.C．Poverty. D．Parents'expectations.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由題干關鍵詞“J.K.Rowling”定位至第三段，依據(jù)第三段其次句“ButwhatIfearedmostformyselfatyouragewasnotpoverty，butfailure”可知，J.K.羅琳在高校時最膽怯 的不是貧困，而是失?。还蔄項正確。]3．WhatdoesBillGatessuggestpeopledo?A．Masterasmuchadvancedtechnologyaspossible.B．Worktogethertosolvesomeglobalproblems.C．Makecontributionstotheenvironment.D．Takeresponsibilityfortheirownbehavior.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由題干關鍵詞“BillGates”定位至第五段，依據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，比爾·蓋茨激勵人們協(xié)同工作，一起解決全球的饑餓、貧困等不公允問題，故B項正確。]B(2024·昆明質檢)Batsaretheonlymammals(哺乳動物)thatcanflyalongdistance，buttheyhaveanotherability.Manybatsliveaverylongtimeforananimaloftheirsize.Europeanresearchersarestudyingbatstounderstandwhytheylivesolong.Theyhopetomakediscoveriesaimedatfightingtheagingprocessinhumanbeings.Lastweek，thegroupofscientistssaidtheyhaddiscoveredimportantbiologicalqualitiesinsomebatspecies.Thegroupstudiedbatchromosomes(染色體)．Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒)，whichshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Thescientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging.TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years.Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedanaverageof37years.Thescientistssaidithadtelomeresthatdidnotshortenwithage.AnotherMyotisholdtherecordforoldestage，reaching41years.Thescientists'findingssuggestthatthesebats'cellshavetheabilitytokeepandrepairtheirtelomeres.This，theysaid，helpsguardagainsttheagingprocess.Basedonitsbodysize，abatlikethegreatermouse-earedbatwouldbeexpectedtolivefouryears.But，thesemammalshavebeenfoundtolivenearly10timeslongerthanthat.Thescientistsfoundthatonly19speciesofmammalslivelongerthanhumanswhentheirbodysizeisconsidered.18ofthesearebats.TheonlyexceptionisanunusualAfricanrat.【語篇解讀】該文是一篇探討性試驗報告。歐洲探討人員通過探討蝙蝠來了解它們長壽的緣由。4．Whatdecidesbats'agingprocessaccordingtothetext?A．Thelengthoftelomeres.B．Thebodysizeofthebat.C．Thetypesofchromosomes.D．Thebuildingofcells.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒)，whichshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Thescientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging”可知，科學家們對連接到染色體末端的結構最感愛好。它們被稱為端粒，每次細胞分裂時它會縮短?？茖W家們信任這個縮短的過程會導致細胞分裂。他們說這是導致變老的緣由，由此可知，端粒的長度確定了蝙蝠變老的過程。故選A。]5．Howlongdoesagreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylive?A．19years. B．37years.C．41years. D．60years.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedanaverageof37years”可知，在這些動物中，通常大鼠耳蝠的平均壽命為37歲。故選B。]6．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________．A．thescientistshavestudiedbatsformorethansixdecadesB．19kindsofbatscouldlivelongerthanhumansC．thebatsstudiedintheresearchareofthesamespeciesD．researchersfocusonfindingoutwhyhumanslivelongA[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years”可知，歐洲的探討人員探討了四種蝙蝠中的493只蝙蝠。該組探討人員運用了超過60年間收集的信息。故可推斷出選項A的表述“thescientistshavestudiedbatsformorethansixdecades(科學家們對蝙蝠進行了60多年的探討)”是正確的。]7．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanyoureadthetext?A．Lifestyle. B．Business.C．Science. D．Fashion.C[推理推斷題。本文是對蝙蝠長壽緣由的探究并且探討人員都是科學家，所以應當是在雜志中科研方面的專欄，所以選項C是正確的。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·成都診斷)Iaskedmygrandpawhatitfeelsliketogrowold.Hetookasipofteaand__1__，“Haveyoueverbeeninahot__2__whenthewaterran__3__？”ItoldhimIhad.“That'swhat__4__feelslike，”hesaid.“Inthebeginningoflife，it'slikeyou'retakingahotshower.__5__，thewateristoowarm，butyougetusedtothe__6__andbeginenjoyingit.Whenyou'reyoung，youthinkit'sgoingtobethiswayforever.Butlifegoesonlikethis__7__．”“Youbeginto__8__itsomewherebetweenyour40sand50s.Thewatertemperaturedropsjusttheslightestbit.It'salmostunnoticeable，butyouknowit__9__．Youturnthefaucet(水龍頭)uptostaywarm.Onedayyourealizethefaucetcan'tgoany__10__，andthetemperaturebeginstodrop—thewarmthisleavingyour__11__．”“Itfeelsrather__12__．”Grandpaadded.“Thewaterisstill__13__，butit'llsoonbecomecoldandthere'snothingyoucando.IenjoyedmylifebecauseIsatisfiedmyself__14__theshowersofmyyouth.”Lateronthatday，enteringGrandpa'slivingroom，Inoticedhim__15__inhischairwithablanket__16__hislegs；hiseyelidsclosed.Hischestwasrisingandfalling__17__．Idecidednottodisturbhissleep，hopinghewasdreamingofhis__18__，theenjoymentwithfamily，thewarmthofdaysgoneby.__19__，allofusshouldvaluethosewelove__20__thewaterrunscold.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。爺爺形象生動地以洗熱水澡為例，向我描述了人在漸漸變老過程中的感受，并表示他對自己青年時期感到很滿足。文章建議我們在變老之前要珍惜我們所愛的一切。1．A.asked B．continuedC．laughed D．whisperedA[A項意為“問”；B項意為“接著”；C項意為“大笑”；D項意為“低語”。依據(jù)后面的爺爺?shù)膯栐捒芍咎幨菭敔攩栁?。故選A。]2．A.river B．springC．shower D．poolC[A項意為“河流”；B項意為“泉”；C項意為“淋浴”；D項意為“游泳池”?！癮hotspring”指的是溫泉，不符合語境。依據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，本處爺爺問我是否體驗過洗熱水澡時水變涼(cold)的感受。下文出現(xiàn)的“ahotshower”是提示，故選C。]3．A.out B．coldC．warm D．downB[參見上題解析。下文出現(xiàn)的“watertemperaturedrops”“cold”是提示，故選B。]4．A.desperation B．a(chǎn)geingC．childhood D．happinessB[本處與開篇第一句話呼應，應講解并描述的是變老(ageing)的感覺。故選B。]5．A.Obviously B．GraduallyC．Atfirst D．ForcertainC[A項意為“明顯地”；B項意為“漸漸地”；C項意為“起初”；D項意為“確定”。依據(jù)語境可知，起初水太熱了。故選C。]6．A.speed B．heatC．quantity D．qualityB[A項意為“速度”；B項意為“熱，熱度”；C項意為“數(shù)量”；D項意為“質量”。起初水太熱了，但是你習慣了這種熱度并起先喜愛這種熱度。故選B。]7．A.temporarily B．permanentlyC．naturally D．fortunatelyA[A項意為“短暫地”；B項意為“長久地”；C項意為“自然地”；D項意為“幸運地”。但是生活只會短暫那樣。故選A。]8．A.touch B．a(chǎn)cceptC．feel D．ignoreC[A項意為“觸摸”；B項意為“接受”；C項意為“感覺”；D項意為“忽視”。大約四五十歲的時候起先感覺有改變。故選C。]9．A.happened B．disappearedC．stopped D．hurtA[A項意為“發(fā)生”；B項意為“消逝”；C項意為“停止”；D項意為“損害”。它幾乎不被留意，但你知道它發(fā)生了。故選A。]10．A.looser B．lowerC．higher D．fartherD[A項意為“更松”；B項意為“更低”；C項意為“更高”；D項意為“更遠，更進一步”。依據(jù)語境可知，有一天你會發(fā)覺水龍頭開不了更大了。故選D。]11．A.body B．roomC．life D．legsA[依據(jù)空前的“溫度起先下降”可知，本處應為“暖和正在離開你的身體(body)”。故選A。]12．A.strange B．helplessC．funny D．encouragingB[A項意為“驚奇的”；B項意為“無助的”