2024年九年級語法知識點(diǎn) 動(dòng)詞

九年級語法知識點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的種類包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(一)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞。按其句法作用可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1.及物動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞自身意義不完整,需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。(1)動(dòng)詞+賓語Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜歡這本書。(2)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)如：WecallthebirdPolly.我們叫那只鳥Polly。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看見孩子們在公園玩。注意：帶省略to的不定式或目前分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語如:Pleasepassmethesalt.請把鹽遞給我。常見帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，write，read，return等。2.不及物動(dòng)詞:不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整,無需接賓語。如:Horsesrunfast.馬跑得快。(1)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。（及物動(dòng)詞）Westudyhard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)（不及物動(dòng)詞）Birdscanfly.鳥會(huì)飛。（不及物動(dòng)詞）(2)有些不及物動(dòng)詞與某些別的詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞,它的作用等于一種及物動(dòng)詞,要注意積累。=1\*GB3①動(dòng)詞+介詞如:Listentotheteachercarefully.仔細(xì)聽老師講?！祟悇?dòng)詞背面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞背面，不能放在動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。=2\*GB3②動(dòng)詞+副詞如:Heturnedoffthelightwhenheleft.當(dāng)他離開時(shí)，他把燈關(guān)了。Hepickeditupandgaveittome.他把它撿起來，并給了我。注意：代詞作賓語時(shí)必須放在動(dòng)詞後副詞前，當(dāng)賓語是名詞時(shí)，放在副詞的前後均可。=3\*GB3③動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞如:Let’sgoonwithourwork.讓我們繼續(xù)我們的工作吧！Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他與同學(xué)們相處得很好！注意：其後的賓語只能放在介詞的背面。=4\*GB3④動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞Pleasepayattentiontothephrasesinthearticle.請注意文章中的短語。Wecanmakegooduseofair.我們可以充足運(yùn)用空氣。=5\*GB3⑤be+形容詞+介詞如:Wearegoodatswimming.我們擅長游泳。SheissatisfiedwithwhatIdid.她對我所做的感到滿意。3.延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表達(dá)動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的,可以和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：live,study,work,keep,teach等。如:WehavelivedinSuzhousince.自以來，我們一直住在蘇州。Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.這本書你可以借兩周。(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表達(dá)瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，如：buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。假如和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，就要用其他的詞替代。Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.那個(gè)老人去世已經(jīng)兩年了。（不用hasdied）Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已經(jīng)開始拾分鐘了。（不用hasbegun）(二)系動(dòng)詞:系動(dòng)詞自身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，闡明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特性或身份.常見的系動(dòng)詞有：go,be,become(變得),get（變得）,look（看上去）,seem（似乎，仿佛）,turn（變得）,sound（聽起來）,smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗起來）,feel（摸起來）,keep（保持）等。這些詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：Heisstrong./Heisastrongman.1.MrWangseemsveryangry（似乎）2.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.（摸起來）3.Theflowersmellssweet.（聞起來）4.Nowmydreambecomestrue.（實(shí)現(xiàn)了）5.Youmustkeephealthy.(保持）6.Herfaceturnsred.(變得）/(三)助動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞自身無詞匯意義或意義不完全,不能單獨(dú)做謂語。它必須和別的動(dòng)詞連用,協(xié)助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)否認(rèn)和疑問等構(gòu)造.常用的助動(dòng)詞有be,have,has,do,does,did,will和shall等。1.助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are,was,were)(1)助動(dòng)詞be+目前分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:TheyaskedmewhatIwasdoingallafternoon.(2)助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。ManytreeswasplantedintheparklastSunday.上星期天在公園種了諸多樹。2.助動(dòng)詞have(has,had)(1)助動(dòng)詞have(has,had)+動(dòng)詞-ed形式，構(gòu)成完畢時(shí)。(2)助動(dòng)詞have(has,had)+been+動(dòng)詞ing形式，構(gòu)成完畢進(jìn)行時(shí)。3.助動(dòng)詞do用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否認(rèn)式，用于倒裝句，加強(qiáng)說話的語氣及替代前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞等?！狣oyouliveinChina?你住在中國嗎？—Yes,Ido.是的，我住在中國。Hedidn’tplaybasketballyesterday./OnlythendidrealizeIwaswrong.到那時(shí)我才意識到我錯(cuò)了。4.助動(dòng)詞will和shall用于構(gòu)成未來時(shí)。(shall僅用于第一人稱，will可用于多種人稱)Ishallbesixteenyearsoldnextbirthday.到下個(gè)生曰，我將16歲了。Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.他問我我們何時(shí)動(dòng)身。(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:有一定的詞義，自身并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅體現(xiàn)說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中需和重要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語。（五）易混動(dòng)詞1.usedtodosth和beusedtodoingsthbeusedtodoingsth表達(dá)習(xí)慣做某事，to後的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式；usedtodosth表達(dá)過去常常做某事。I’musedtogettingupearly.(習(xí)慣)/Iusedtogetupatfiveinthemorning.我過去常常在早上五點(diǎn)起床。注意：beusedtodosth指被用來做某事如:Pensareusedtowrite.鋼筆被用來寫字。2.arrive,get和reach表達(dá)“抵達(dá)”時(shí)的區(qū)別arrivein+大地方，arriveat+小地方，getto+地點(diǎn)名詞，reach是及物動(dòng)詞背面可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。3.borrow,lend和keepborrow“借”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)主語“借入”，常用短語borrowsthfromsb.;lend“借”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)主語“借出”，常用短語lendsthtosb.;keep“保留；借”，為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表“長時(shí)間地借”HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?這本書我能借多久？Iborrowedabookfromtheschoollibrary./Couldyoulendyourbiketome?你能把自行車借給我嗎？4.dress,puton和wear:dresssb.給某人穿衣服；dresssb.up打扮某人；puton穿上，戴上，表達(dá)動(dòng)作；wear穿著，戴著，表達(dá)狀態(tài)。Theboydressedhimselfquickly.那個(gè)男孩迅速地給自已穿上衣服。Motherdressesherbabyeveryday.母親每天給她的孩子穿衣服。/Tomputonhiscoatandwentout.Theladydressedherselfupandwenttoaparty.（穿上盛裝）那位女士打扮一番，然後去參與聚會(huì)了。Lilyiswearingaredskirttoday.莉莉今天穿著一條紅裙子。5.bring,take,carry和fetchbring“帶來，拿來”，表達(dá)“拿到靠近說話人的地方”；take“拿去，帶走”表達(dá)“拿到遠(yuǎn)離說話人的地方”；carry“扛，搬”用力移動(dòng)，沒有方向；fetch“去取，去拿”，表達(dá)“來回拿物”。6.die,dead,death,dyingdie意為“死”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)詞；dead意為“死的”，形容詞，表達(dá)狀態(tài)；death意為“死”，名詞；dying意為“垂死的，要死的”，形容詞。如:Hisgrandfatherdiedyesterday.他的祖父昨天死了。Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.他的祖父已經(jīng)死了拾年了。Hisdeathmadeusfeelverysad./Thepooroldmanwasdying.那個(gè)可憐的老人快死了。7.spend,cost，take和pay:spend花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢，後接onsth.或(in)doing;cost物作主語，意義為“值多少錢，花費(fèi)”；take可用固定句型表達(dá)花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間，其構(gòu)造為：形式主語It+takes+時(shí)間+todosth;pay人做主語，與介詞for連用。8.wear,bein,puton,haveon和dressoneselfwear強(qiáng)調(diào)穿著的狀態(tài)，與“bein”同義；puton強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作；haveon意為“穿著”，同樣強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；dressoneself意為“某人自已穿衣服”。9.lookfor和find:兩者均有“找”的意思。lookfor強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過程，而find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的成果。10.hung和hanged:兩個(gè)詞同為hang的過去分詞，hung意為“懸掛”，而hanged意為“吊死、絞死”。12.listento和hear:listento和hear均有“聽”的意思。listen為不及物動(dòng)詞，與to構(gòu)成固定搭配，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作；hear強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的成果。13.lose,forget和leave:lose意為“丟失”，“失去”；forget意為“忘掉”，忘掉去做某事為forgettodosth/forgetdoingsth為忘掉做過某事,;leavesth.+地點(diǎn)，意為“把某事落在某處”。14.turn,get,grow和become:turn一般用于顏色的變化，如:turnred/turnyellow;天變黑要用get或grow；天氣變暖或變冷，用become或get；天變長或變短一般用get。15.join,takepartin和attend:三個(gè)詞均有“參與”的意思。join一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”，如參軍、入黨等，joinin加入某項(xiàng)活動(dòng),joinsb加入某人；takepartin指參與聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)；attend一般指出席會(huì)議16.thinkof,thinkabout,thinkover和talkaboutthinkof意為“想到……”；thinkabout意為“考慮”，賓語it或them置後；thinkover意為“仔細(xì)考慮”，賓語it或them放在中間，一般指考慮問題；talkabout意為“談?wù)摗薄?7.lose,fail,beat和winlose意為“輸給某人”，固定搭配為losetosb.;fail是“失敗”或“未做成某事”；beat意為“打敗”，後接sb.或某支隊(duì)伍；win意為“贏得”，如，贏得榮譽(yù)、地位、比賽等。1.Mybrother____ateacher.He____hispupilsverymuch.A.is,likeB.is,likesC.are,likesD.are,like2.A:Howmanydays____thereinaweek?B:There____seven.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is3.I____tiredlastnight.A.becameB.feltC.lookedD.am4.Herface____palewhensheheardthebadnews.A.gotB.isC.turnedD.was5.You____pale.What'swrongwithyou?A.turnB.seemC.lookD.become6.Theboy____illtoday.A.areB.isC.beD.am7.Which____bigger,thesunorthemoon?A.areB.isC.be8.NeithershenorI____adoctor.A.amnotB.amC.areD.is9.I____aworkernextyear.A.amB.willbeC.beD.will10.Hervoice____likemymother's.A.soundsB.soundC.looksD.look11.Itoftenrainsandthecrops____fast.A.getB.turnC.growD.become12.A:Howareyou____now?B:Muchbetter,thankyou.A.gettingB.feelingC.makingD.turning13.Theteacher'ssmilemademe____better.A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt14.MyEnglishteacher____.A.alllookyoungB.looksyoungC.lookyoungD.alllooksyoung15.I____busynow,butI____freenextweek.A.am,amB.am,willC.am,willbeD.being,willbe16.I____atthisschoolforabouttwomonths.A.amB.willbeC.havebeenD.was17.Mybrother____intheLeagueforaboutfiveyears.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.is18.Cometomyofficeifyou____freetomorrow.A.areB.willbeC.wasD.is19.Ifwater____heated,itwillbe____intovapour（蒸氣）.A.was,turnedB.is,turnedC.is.getD.was,got20.Ifyoudon'ttakebackwhatyoujustsaid,Mother____angry.A.isB.willbeC.getD.feels情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、用can,may,must,need,haveto,hadbetter的合適形式填空：1.You__________returnthelibrarybookontime.2.I________(not)findthewaytothehospital._________youshowmetheway?3.—__________Ifinishtheworkrightnow?—No,you__________(not).You______doitlater.4.Hesaidhe__________(not)cometonight.5.Hermotherwasill.She__________stayathomeandlookafterher.6.It‘stimeforclass.You_________stopplayingfootballoryou_______belateforclass.7.We__________startrightnow,ortheywouldgettherefirst.8.Thecloudislifting,soit__________(not)bearainydaytomorrow.二、選擇填空：1.—Excuseme.Willyoupleasetellmethewaytotherailwaystation?—Oh,sorry,butIdon‘tknow.You____goandaskthatpoliceman.A.mayB.mustC.wouldD.should2.John______cometoseeustonight,butheisn‘tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must3.Thisbook______Lucy‘s