廣東省惠州市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)、河源高級(jí)中學(xué)等校高二下學(xué)期4月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷（含解析）

廣東省惠州市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)、河源高級(jí)中學(xué)等校高二下學(xué)期4月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共5小題）Top3BestMuseumsintheWorldWhetheryouareafineartorhistorylover,thefollowingthreemuseumsaresuretotakeyourbreathaway.LeLouvre,Paris,FranceAvisittotheLouvreanditscollectionsletsvisitorsdiscoverWesternartfromtheMiddleAgesto1848aswellasalargenumberofancientcivilizations.Thegrandpalacethathousesthemuseum.whichdatesbacktothelatetwelfthcentury,isatruelessoninarchitecture:from1200to2011,themostinnovativearchitectshaveinturnbuiltanddevelopedtheLouvre.●Officialwebsite:Louvre●Highlight:LeonardodaVinci`s“MonaLisa.”TheBritishMuseum,London,UKTheBritishMuseuminLondonwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorssixyearslater.Itwasthefirstnationalmuseumtocoverallfieldsofhumanknowledge,opentovisitorsfromacrosstheworld.Noothermuseumisresponsibleforcollectionsofthesamedepthandbreadth,beautyandsignificance.●Officialwebsite:BritishMuseum●Highlight:theRosettaStone.TheStateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg,RussiaThesecond-largestartmuseumintheworld,theStateHermitageMuseumwasfoundedin1764(200yearslaterthanTheUffiziGalleries,Florence,Italy),whenEmpressCatherinetheGreatacquiredanimpressivecollectionofworksfromtheBerlinmerchantJohannErnstGotzkowsky.Today,thecollectionofartworkscontainspaintings,sculpturesandsoon.●Officialwebsite:StateHermitageMuseum●Highlight:GoldenmasterpiecesfromEurasia.1．WhenwastheBritishMuseum,London,UKopenedtothepublic?A．1564. B．1753. C．1759. D．1848.2．WhatdotheTop3bestmuseumshaveincommon?A．TheyhaveexhibitsfromtheMiddleAges. B．Theyfeatureexhibitsfromancienttimes.C．Theyhaveexhibitsconcernedwithkings. D．Theyhavebothfineartandhistoryexhibits.3．Whichisthelargestartmuseumbutoneintheworld?A．LeLouvre,Paris,France. B．TheStateHermitageMuseum,Russia.C．TheBritishMuseum,London,UK. D．TheUffiziGalleries,Florence,Italy.Backin1958,IwascrazyabouttheNorfolkandWestern746.Thesmoothbullet-noseenginewithitsorangeandyellowlinesandshinystreamlinedblacktender(車廂)seemedtohavecastaspellonme.Togethertheengineandtendermeasuredalittleshyof2feet—enormousbythetoytrainstandardsoftheday.Evenbetter,the746hadaworkingheadlightandsmoker,anditstendersanghigh.Unfortunately,theamazing746alsohadanamazingprice—$50,equaltoabout$450today.Thatwasfarmorethanmygrandfathercouldafford.Instead,IhadtobecontentwithhislittleLionelplastic,whichwasSIXINCHESshorterthanthe746andhadnoheadlight,nosmokerornosound!Butthatwasthebestthatmygrandfathercouldgivemeatthattime.Yearspassed,andIwasinmy30s.Superiorsoundsystemsandcomputercontrolsdominatedtoytrains.Inevergavealook.Myinterestintoytrains,Ifirmlybelieved,hadfaded,sodidmyadmirationforthe746,sincemygrandfatherwasnotwithme.The746wasnevercalledtomind.Onanordinaryday,however,Ihappenedtoseethe746outsidethewindowofatrainshow.Justone-look,Icouldnotlookaway.ChildhoodmemoriesthatItriedtohideinthedepthsofmyheartracedthroughmymind,happyorsad.ThatdayItookthe746homeandplaceditinthecenteroftheroom,andletmychildhooddreamsingitswayaroundme.Smokeroseoutfromtheengineandthesoftsongsoundedfromitstender.ItseemedasifIcouldseethesoftlightingrandfather'seyesandhearhischeerfullaughter.4．Whichbestdescribesthe746intheauthor’seyes?A．Itsbeautyhadaspecialappeal. B．Itwasthelargesttrainin1958.C．Itspricerocketedfrom$50to$450. D．Itsmeasurementwasatadisadvantage.5．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenreceivinghislittleLionelplastic?A．Visiblyrelieved. B．Terriblyashamed.C．Reallydelighted. D．Slightlydiscontented.6．Whathappenedtotheauthorinhis30s?A．Helefthisgrandfatheralone. B．Hedidn’tfavorthe746atall.C．Headmiredadvancedtoytrains. D．Heattemptednottorecallthepast.7．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToyTrains:ChildhoodinHistory B．The746:ChildhoodMemoriesofLoveC．ToyTrains:MemoriesofAGeneration D．The746:APerfectGiftfromMyGrandfatherMathsanxietyisolderthanyoumightthink.Ahundredyearsago,GermanphysicistFelixAuerbach,concernedaboutthesituationandhopingtofindwaystodealwithit,wrotealittlebookcalledTheFearofMathematicsandHowtoOvercomeIt.Foramathematicianlikemyself,thepleasureofreadinghisbookisfollowedbyasighofregretthatthetopicisasimportanttodayasitwasacenturyago.Whydowefearmathematics?Atheart,saysAuerbach,itcomesdowntoabasicmisunderstandingofwhatmathsis.Thefearofmessingupacalculation(計(jì)算)maybereal,butthefactthattherearemanyexcellentmathematicianswhoareterribleatcalculationprovesthatmathsskillsandmathematicsaren’tthesamething.What,then,ismathematics?Auerbachsaysitisthreethings:ascience,alanguageandanart.Forme,partoftheproblemisthatweareoftenstuckinthe“science”box.Ifwecanbeshownthebeautyofmathematics,wemightstopfearingthecalculationssupportingit.Asalanguage,whatsetsmathsapartistheuniversality(普遍性)ofitstruths—youcanbecomefluentwhereveryouarefrom.Asanart,thebeautyofmathsliesinthewonderfulthinkingthatallowsustounderstandtheendless,explorethebeautifulpatternsofartandnature,anddelightintheperfectionofideas.Focusingentirelyoncalculationskillsmissesthejoyandexcitementthatcancomefromdiscoveringpatternsandunderstandingthem,fromseeingtheartisticbeautyofmathematics.Someexpertsliketopointoutthatweexperienceanxietythesamewayweexperienceexcitement.Inthesameway,fearcanbenegativeorpositive.Ourgoalshouldbetomovepeoplefromanarrowviewofmathematicsasmerecalculationstoanappreciationofitasabeautifullanguageandartthatinspiresamazement.8．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthebookbyAuerbachaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Itoverstatesthefearofmaths.B．Itaddressesacommonproblem.C．Itistoooldtobeimportanttoday.D．Itispopularamongmathematicians.9．Whatisthereasonbehindpeople’sfearofmathematics?A．Inabilitytodocalculations.B．Lackofsupportfromteachers.C．Failuretounderstanditsnature.D．Difficultyofthemathlanguage.10．Inwhatwaycanweregardmathematicsasanart?A．Throughfocusingontechnicalskills.B．Throughcreatingartworkswithdelight.C．Throughexploringapplicationsinscience.D．Throughappreciatingitsbeautyinpatterns.11．Whatdoesthepassagesuggestwedoregardinglearningmaths?A．Expressourfear. B．Seekexperts’help.C．Changeouropinion. D．Learnanewlanguage.Youleanbackfromthedinnertable,feelinglikeyouphysicallycouldn’tfitanotherbite.Butthensomeoneofferspieandyoujustcan’tsayno.Scientistshavenowidentifiedtheneurons(神經(jīng)元)behindthe“dessertstomach”phenomenon.Intheirstudy,scientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteforMetabolismResearchfoundthatmicekepteatingsugarevenwhentheyshouldhavefeltfull.Investigationsoftheirbrainsshowedthatagroupofnervecells,knownasthepro-opiomelanocortin(POMC)neurons,becameactive.Theseneuronsreleaseachemicalcalledβ-endorphin,whichactslikeanaturalrewardandmakesthemicefeelgood.Asaresult,theykeepeatingsugardespitefeelingfull.Interestingly,thiseffectonlyhappenswithsugar,notwithothertypesoffoodlikenormalmealsorfattysnacks.Inafollow-upexperimentwithhumans,researchersgavevolunteersasugardrinkandfoundthatthesamethinghappensinthebrainaswithmice.Thissuggeststhatthe“dessertstomach”isarealthingforbothmiceandhumans.Whydoesthishappen?AccordingtoHenningFenselau,ascientistwholedthestudy,thismakessensefromanevolutionaryperspective.Sugarisrareinnaturebutprovidesquickenergy.Ourbrainsareprogrammedtomakeuswanttoeatsugarwheneverwefindit.Thismighthavebeenhelpfulinthepastbecauseoffoodshortage,buttodayitcanleadtoovereatingandhealthproblems.Thefindingscouldshedlightontreatingobesitybyprovidingathoroughunderstandingoftheurgeforsugar,andcouldevenleadtopotentialmedicalsolutions.Developingdrugstoblockthebrain’srewardsystemforsugarmighthelppeoplecontroltheircravings(渴望).Yet,itistoosoontosaythatthefullpicturehasbeendrawn.Otherstudieshavefoundthatsignalsfromyourdigestivesystemcouldinfluencewhytherealwaysseemstoberoomforadessert.12．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A．Bydescribinganeatingbehaviour. B．Byintroducingascientificstudy.C．Bydefiningacertainterm. D．Bycomparingdifferenteatinghabits.13．WhatisthemainfunctionofPOMCneuronsinthemice’sbrains?A．Tellingthebodiesthemicehaveeatenenough. B．Managingthedesireforfattyandsaltyfoods.C．Creatingarewardsystemtoencouragedieting. D．Producingachemicallinkedtopositiveemotions.14．Whydoestheauthormentionthat“sugarisrareinnature”inparagraph4?A．Toblamemodernfoodproductionforhealthissues.B．Toexplaintheevolutionarybasisofsugarcravings.C．Tocomparenaturalsugarwithartificialsugar.D．Towarnpeopleabouteatingtoomuchsugar.15．Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A．Sugar-blockingdrugsshouldbesoldonstoresrightnow.B．Brainactivitiesalonecoulddeterminedessertcravings.C．Moreresearchisneededbeforetheapplicationofthestudy.D．Cravingsforsugaronlyoccurredinmoderntimes.Self-disciplinedpeoplearenotalloutstandingpeople.16Someofthemreadeveryday.Someofthemneverrunlate.Therealdifferencebetweenanelite(杰出的)personandanordinarypersonisthatanelitepersoncanmanagehisorhertimewell.17Whatpeoplecallself-disciplineisinfactself-management.Oneexampleisstayingfit.Neverunderestimate(低估)someonewhoisingoodshape.Anyonewhohasevertriedtoloseweightknowsthatit’snoteasy.18.Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itshowsthatheknowstheprinciplesofstayingfitandisabletosticktoaplanthatusestheseprinciples.Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itmeansthatthispersonisgoodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime.19Italsoshowsthatthispersonisabletokeeppersevering(堅(jiān)持)andcanbalancelong-termgoalswithshort-termgoals.Soifsomeoneisingoodshape,heorsheismorethanjusthealth.20Firstofall,setagoalandwritedownyourreasonsforwantingtoachieveit.Createalistofallthethingsyouneedtodotoachievethisgoalandstarttoworkonthemoneatatime.Withself-discipline,smallthingsinlifewillnolongertroubleyou.Onlythroughself-disciplinecanyoutrulyownyourfuture.A．Howdoyoulearnself-management?B．That’swheretheirsuccesscomesfrom.C．It’sevenhardertoavoidputtingweightbackon.D．Whetheritisnaturaloracquired,itisagreatskill.E．Thisskillgivesyouthepowertosticktoyourdecisions.F．Butnearlyalloutstandingpeopleareself-disciplinedpeople.G．Self-disciplinemeansselfcontrol,whichisasignofinnerstrength.二、完形填空（本大題共1小題）WhenmydadplannedoutatriptoLaMinaFallsintheElYunqueNationalRainforest,Iwasnotreallyintoit,andIwentalong21.I’veneverbeenfondofcoldwater.Ifthe22isn’ttomyliking,I’mnotgoingto23myselffromthepool’sedgelikeamissile(導(dǎo)彈).I’mthetypeofpersonwho24theirtimeeasingintothewater,loweringmyselfstep-by-step,and25mybodytogetusedtotheicydepths.Mycomplicatedrelationshipwithwateris26mydad,whoIdon’tthinkhaseverlooked27hedived.Iwasn’traisedontheriverlikehewas.ShortlyafterIwasborn,we28tocentralFlorida,farawayfromtherapidsofmyfather’syouth.WhenwefinallymadeittotheLaMinaFalls,Iwaswornout.Mydadwasalreadyknee-deepinthewaterand29fast,whileIwasrestingonarock.Hepaused,lookingoveratmeand30perhapsforthefirsttime,thatIhad31himintotheforest.Hewavedhishandatme,andI32myshoes.IknewifItouchedthewaterwithmytoeinthefirstplace,Iwouldn’tgetin.So,Ijumpedintothe33water,notcompletelywithouthesitation,wherea34combinationofaccomplishmentandregretwashedoverme.WhenIbrokethesurface,I35mydadstaringatme.“YourgrandfatherbroughtmehereoncewhenIwasakid.”Hisvoicefadedawayintothewater.21．A．a(chǎn)nxiously B．hesitantly C．curiously D．enthusiastically22．A．time B．coach C．sport D．temperature23．A．keep B．launch C．excuse D．rescue24．A．measures B．saves C．takes D．kills25．A．a(chǎn)llowing B．controlling C．examining D．risking26．A．inoppositionto B．inresponseto C．a(chǎn)tthemercyof D．onbehalfof27．A．once B．before C．because D．if28．A．escaped B．journeyed C．relocated D．returned29．A．floating B．withdrawing C．breathing D．sinking30．A．realizing B．regretting C．a(chǎn)dmitting D．a(chǎn)greeing31．A．challenged B．forced C．a(chǎn)ccompanied D．guided32．A．staredat B．reachedfor C．kickedoff D．dusteddown33．A．flooding B．a(chǎn)ppealing C．flowing D．freezing34．A．confusing B．regular C．similar D．simple35．A．left B．pictured C．stopped D．caught三、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalized(復(fù)興)inrecentyears,fascinatingaudienceswithitsimpressiveperformanceandartisticexcellence.AremarkableexampleistheimmersiveYueOpera,“NewDragonGateInn”,showcasedbytherenownedXiaoBaiHua,36hasbecomeanewnationalhit.Thetwoleadingactresses,bothborninthe1990s,havebecomethefocusofdiscussionfortheirbrilliant37(perform).38(draw)inspirationfromaclassicmartialartsfilm,theopera39(skillful)exploresthemesofloveandconflictamong40(it)characters,presentingthenarrativeinafreshandengagingmanner.Innovationiscentral41theproduction'spopularity,astheimmersivesettingof“NewDragonGateInn”42(allow)audiencetobepartofaninnwithsecretpassages.Byshiftingthefocusfromtraditionallovestoriestomartialthemesandintegratingshortvideos,thesuccessof“NewDragonGateInn”,whosegoalistobringtraditionalChineseoperato43wideraudience,isseenasanexampleofshowcasingtheculturalheritageandartisticconfidenceinherentintheYueOperagenre.Thousandsoffansfromacrossthecountry44(crowd)toHangzhoutowitnesstheshowinrecentyears,withmanyyoungpeopleclaimingthat“ithasawakenthepassionforopera45(root)intheDNAoftheChinesepeople”.四、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）46．假定你是李華，外教Mike準(zhǔn)備開展讀書月活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生讀完指定的五本英文名著，你認(rèn)為這樣的安排存在問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.說(shuō)明問(wèn)題；2.提出建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMike,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwasmybrother'sidea.Let'sgetMomapetdogforherbirthday.Itwouldmakeherhappy.Ithoughtitwasagoodidea,asMomhadalwayswantedtoownadog.Bythetimeourconversationended,Ihadmytask:findourmotheradog.Afteracarefulsearch,Ifinallyfoundanadfordogsinalocalnewspaper.Anearbyfamilyhadadogwhohadjustgivenbirthtofivemalepuppies（小狗）！Allhadhadtheirfirstvaccines（疫苗），andwouldbereadytoleavetheirmominafewweeks.Igavethemacall.Themanwhoansweredthephonelistenedpatientlytomystoryandsetadateforustomeetthedogs.Whenthedayarrived,Igotintomybrother'scar.Wepulledupinfrontofsomehousesthatsatalonganarrowstreet.Aswesteppedontothesidewalk，weweregreetedbynoisybarks（吠叫聲）.Fourdogshadpositionedthemselvesonthebackofasofaandwerewatchingusthroughalargewindow.Weclimbedontotheporch(門廊)andrangthedoorbell.Atallmanwithgrayinghairandakindsmileopenedthedoor.AsIreachedtoshakehishand,Icouldseethepuppiesbehindhim,runningtogettous.Eachpuppyworeadifferentcolorstringaroundhisneck.Wemettheman'swife,whoworeasimilarfriendlysmileandwelcomedustoherhome.Wemetthepuppies'parentsandthensetaboutthebusinessofselectingafriendforourmother.Therewerefourpuppiesandfourvisitors;themanhandedeachofusadog.Threeofthepuppieslookedupatuswithlarge,curiouseyes.Thefourthone,whoIwasholding,begantowiggleexcitedlyandkissmyface."Let'stakethisone!He'stheone!Lookhowlovelyheis!"Isaid.AsfarasIwasconcerned,itwasadonedeal.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150詞左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Mybrotherwasn'tsureandsuggestedthatwetakesometimetogettoknowallofthem._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Twoweekslater,wepickedupthedogandhidhimaroundthecornerinmymom'slivingroomwhilesheopenedherbirthdaygifts._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．C2．D3．B【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了世界上最好的三個(gè)博物館：法國(guó)巴黎盧浮宮、英國(guó)倫敦的大英博物館和俄羅斯圣彼得堡冬宮博物館.【解析】1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“TheBritishMuseuminLondonwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorssixyearslater.”（倫敦的大英博物館于1753年建立，并在六年后對(duì)外開放。）可知，大英博物館于1759年對(duì)外開放。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)“Whetheryouareafineartorhistorylover,thefollowingthreemuseumsaresuretotakeyourbreathaway”（無(wú)論你是美術(shù)愛(ài)好者還是歷史愛(ài)好者，以下三個(gè)博物館一定會(huì)讓你大吃一驚）可知這三個(gè)博物館都收藏有與美術(shù)和歷史有關(guān)的作品。故選D項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Thesecond-largestartmuseumintheworld,theStateHermitageMuseumwasfoundedin1764”（世界第二大藝術(shù)博物館，國(guó)家艾爾米塔什博物館于1764年建立。）可知，世界第二大藝術(shù)博物館是俄羅斯的國(guó)家冬宮博物館。故選B?！敬鸢浮?．A5．D6．D7．B【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)對(duì)作者自年少時(shí)到成年后對(duì)一輛玩具火車情感變化的描述，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)祖父的思念之情?！窘馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thesmoothbullet-noseenginewithitsorangeandyellowlinesandshinystreamlinedblacktender(車廂)seemedtohavecastaspellonme.(光滑的子彈頭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，橙色和黃色的線條，閃亮的流線型黑色發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)似乎對(duì)我下了魔咒)”和第二段“Togethertheengineandtendermeasuredalittleshyof2feet—enormousbythetoytrainstandardsoftheday.Evenbetter,the746hadaworkingheadlightandsmoker,anditstendersanghigh.(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和車廂加在一起差不多有2英尺——按照當(dāng)時(shí)的玩具火車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這是巨大的。更好的是，746有一個(gè)工作的前燈和吸煙，火車聲音響亮)”可知，作者對(duì)746玩具火車非常迷戀，認(rèn)為它非常完美，無(wú)以倫比，它的美麗有一種特殊的吸引力。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Instead,IhadtobecontentwithhislittleLionelplastic,whichwasSIXINCHESshorterthanthe746andhadnoheadlight,nosmokerornosound!(相反，我不得不滿足于他的小Lionel塑料，它比746短6英寸，沒(méi)有前燈，沒(méi)有煙頭，也沒(méi)有聲音！)”可推知，在作者看來(lái)，這個(gè)小Lionel塑料和746相比差得太多，所以稍微有點(diǎn)不滿意。故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Superiorsoundsystemsandcomputercontrolsdominatedtoytrains.Inevergavealook.Myinterestintoytrains,Ifirmlybelieved,hadfaded,nordidmyadmirationforthe746,sincemygrandfatherwasnotwithme.The746wasnevercalledtomind.(先進(jìn)的音響系統(tǒng)和電腦控制主導(dǎo)了玩具火車。我根本沒(méi)看它一眼。我堅(jiān)信，自從祖父不在我身邊，我對(duì)玩具火車的興趣已經(jīng)消退，我對(duì)746的傾慕也沒(méi)有了，我再也沒(méi)有想起746)”可推知，作者30多歲時(shí)，因?yàn)樽娓覆辉诹?，所以他盡量不去回憶過(guò)去。故選D。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“ItseemedasifIcouldseethesoftlightingrandfather'seyesandhearhischeerfullaughter.(我仿佛能看到祖父眼中柔和的光芒，聽到他歡快的笑聲)”和全文內(nèi)容可知，文章以746火車玩具為主線，通過(guò)對(duì)作者自年少時(shí)到成年后對(duì)它情感變化的描述，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)童年時(shí)期祖父的愛(ài)的懷念。由此可知，“746：童年的愛(ài)的回憶”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的問(wèn)題，指出這種焦慮源于對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)本質(zhì)的基本誤解，強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)學(xué)不僅是一門科學(xué)，也是一種語(yǔ)言和藝術(shù)，提倡人們從欣賞數(shù)學(xué)作為美麗語(yǔ)言和藝術(shù)的角度去看待它，以減少對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的恐懼和焦慮?！窘馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ahundredyearsago,GermanphysicistFelixAuerbach,concernedaboutthesituationandhopingtofindwaystodealwithit,wrotealittlebookcalledTheFearofMathematicsandHowtoOvercomeIt.Foramathematicianlikemyself,thepleasureofreadinghisbookisfollowedbyasighofregretthatthetopicisasimportanttodayasitwasacenturyago.(一百年前，德國(guó)物理學(xué)家FelixAuerbach對(duì)這種情況感到擔(dān)憂，希望能找到應(yīng)對(duì)之策，于是他寫了一本名為《對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的恐懼及如何克服它》的小書。對(duì)于像我這樣的數(shù)學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，讀完他的書后，在享受閱讀樂(lè)趣的同時(shí)，也會(huì)遺憾地嘆一口氣，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)話題在今天和一個(gè)世紀(jì)前一樣重要。)”可知，一百年前Auerbach寫了一本關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)恐懼及如何克服它的書，作者讀完后感到遺憾的是這個(gè)話題在今天和一個(gè)世紀(jì)前一樣重要。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)恐懼的話題在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前和現(xiàn)在都很重要，說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)普遍存在的問(wèn)題，書探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Whydowefearmathematics?Atheart,saysAuerbach,itcomesdowntoabasicmisunderstandingofwhatmathsis.(我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)害怕數(shù)學(xué)呢？Auerbach認(rèn)為，從本質(zhì)上講，這歸根結(jié)底是對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)本質(zhì)的一種基本誤解。)”可知，人們害怕數(shù)學(xué)的核心原因是對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)是什么存在基本的誤解，也就是沒(méi)有理解數(shù)學(xué)的本質(zhì)。故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Asanart,thebeautyofmathsliesinthewonderfulthinkingthatallowsustounderstandtheendless,explorethebeautifulpatternsofartandnature,anddelightintheperfectionofideas.Focusingentirelyoncalculationskillsmissesthejoyandexcitementthatcancomefromdiscoveringpatternsandunderstandingthem,fromseeingtheartisticbeautyofmathematics.(作為一種語(yǔ)言，數(shù)學(xué)的獨(dú)特之處在于其真理的普遍性——無(wú)論你來(lái)自哪里，都能熟練掌握它。作為一門藝術(shù)，數(shù)學(xué)之美在于其精妙的思維，這種思維使我們能夠理解無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的事物，探索藝術(shù)與自然中美妙的圖案，并陶醉于各種完美的思想之中。如果只專注于計(jì)算技能，就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)律所帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣與興奮，也體會(huì)不到數(shù)學(xué)的藝術(shù)之美。)”可知，作為一門藝術(shù)，數(shù)學(xué)之美在于其精妙的思維，這種思維使我們能夠理解無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的事物，探索藝術(shù)與自然中美妙的圖案，并陶醉于各種完美的思想之中。故選D。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章開頭指出數(shù)學(xué)焦慮由來(lái)已久，接著闡述人們害怕數(shù)學(xué)的原因是對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)本質(zhì)的誤解，然后詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了數(shù)學(xué)作為科學(xué)、語(yǔ)言和藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)。而根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ourgoalshouldbetomovepeoplefromanarrowviewofmathematicsasmerecalculationstoanappreciationofitasabeautifullanguageandartthatinspiresamazement.(我們的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是讓人們從僅僅將數(shù)學(xué)視為計(jì)算的狹隘觀點(diǎn)中走出來(lái)，轉(zhuǎn)而欣賞數(shù)學(xué)作為一門能夠激發(fā)驚嘆之情的優(yōu)美語(yǔ)言和藝術(shù)。)”可知，目標(biāo)是人們從僅僅把數(shù)學(xué)看作是計(jì)算的狹隘觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷⑵湟暈橐婚T能激發(fā)驚嘆之情的優(yōu)美語(yǔ)言和藝術(shù)來(lái)欣賞。也就是說(shuō)，文章建議讀者從狹隘的數(shù)學(xué)觀轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾蕾p數(shù)學(xué)作為語(yǔ)言和藝術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)。故選C?！敬鸢浮?2．A13．D14．B15．C【分析】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。主要以生活化的場(chǎng)景引入并介紹了人類和動(dòng)物對(duì)甜食的“dessertstomach”現(xiàn)象的神經(jīng)科學(xué)機(jī)制。【解析】12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Youleanbackfromthedinnertable,feelinglikeyouphysicallycouldn’tfitanotherbite.Butthensomeoneofferspieandyoujustcan’tsayno.Scientistshavenowidentifiedtheneurons(神經(jīng)元)behindthe“dessertstomach”phenomenon.(你從餐桌上向后靠，感覺(jué)自己再也吃不下一口了。但如果有人請(qǐng)你吃派，你就不能拒絕。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)確定了“甜點(diǎn)胃”現(xiàn)象背后的神經(jīng)元)”可知，作者通過(guò)描述“飽餐后仍無(wú)法拒絕甜點(diǎn)”這一具體飲食行為引入主題。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theseneuronsreleaseachemicalcalledβ-endorphin,whichactslikeanaturalrewardandmakesthemicefeelgood.(這些神經(jīng)元釋放出一種叫做β-內(nèi)啡肽的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它就像一種自然的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，讓老鼠感覺(jué)良好)”可知，POMC神經(jīng)元的主要功能是釋放與積極情緒相關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)β-內(nèi)啡肽。故選D。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AccordingtoHenningFenselau,ascientistwholedthestudy,thismakessensefromanevolutionaryperspective.Sugarisrareinnaturebutprovidesquickenergy.(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家HenningFenselau表示，從進(jìn)化的角度來(lái)看，這是有道理的。糖在自然界中很罕見，但能快速提供能量)”可知，作者提到“自然界中糖分稀少”是為了從進(jìn)化角度解釋人類對(duì)糖的渴望。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yet,itistoosoontosaythatthefullpicturehasbeendrawn.Otherstudieshavefoundthatsignalsfromyourdigestivesystemcouldinfluencewhytherealwaysseemstoberoomforadessert.(然而，現(xiàn)在說(shuō)事情的全貌已經(jīng)被描繪出來(lái)還為時(shí)過(guò)早。其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，消化系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的信號(hào)可能會(huì)影響你為什么總是有吃甜點(diǎn)的空間)”可知，研究尚未完全明確，需進(jìn)一步探索。即在應(yīng)用這項(xiàng)研究之前還需要更多的研究。故選C?！敬鸢浮?6．F17．B18．C19．D20．A【分析】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了自律與自我管理對(duì)于擁有健康身體和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的重要性?！窘馕觥?6．上文“Self-disciplinedpeoplearenotalloutstandingpeople.(自律的人并不都是優(yōu)秀的人)”指出自律并不能保證成為優(yōu)秀的人，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Butnearlyalloutstandingpeopleareself-disciplinedpeople.(但幾乎所有優(yōu)秀的人都是自律的人)”承接上文，揭示自律與成為優(yōu)秀的人的真正關(guān)系，進(jìn)而引出下文關(guān)于自律重要性的探討，句中“alloutstandingpeople”對(duì)應(yīng)下文中代詞“them”。上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。17．上文“Therealdifferencebetweenanelite(杰出的)personandanordinarypersonisthatanelitepersoncanmanagehisorhertimewell.(精英人士和普通人的真正區(qū)別在于，精英人士能很好地管理自己的時(shí)間)”提到精英能很好地管理自己的時(shí)間，B項(xiàng)“That’swheretheirsuccesscomesfrom.(這就是他們成功的來(lái)源)”承接上文，說(shuō)明“managehisorhertimewell”的意義，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。18．上文“Anyonewhohasevertriedtoloseweightknowsthatit’snoteasy.(任何曾經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)減肥的人都知道這并不容易)”說(shuō)明減肥不易，C項(xiàng)“It’sevenhardertoavoidputtingweightbackon.(要避免體重反彈就更難了)”承接上文話題，說(shuō)明避免體重反彈更難，句中“evenharder”表明上下文之間的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，同時(shí)，這兩句話與前文“Neverunderestimate(低估)someonewhoisingoodshape.(永遠(yuǎn)不要低估身材好的人)”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，說(shuō)明不要低估身材好的人的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。19．上文“Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itmeansthatthispersonisgoodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime.(如果一個(gè)人狀態(tài)很好，這意味著這個(gè)人善于管理自己和自己的時(shí)間)”提出“管理自己和自己的時(shí)間”的能力，D項(xiàng)“Whetheritisnaturaloracquired,itisagreatskill.(無(wú)論是天生的還是后天習(xí)得的，這都是一項(xiàng)偉大的技能。)”承接上文，對(duì)此作出評(píng)價(jià)，句中代詞“it”指代上文中“goodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime”，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選D項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)后文“Firstofall,setagoalandwritedownyourreasonsforwantingtoachieveit.Createalistofallthethingsyouneedtodotoachievethisgoalandstarttoworkonthemoneatatime.Withself-discipline,smallthingsinlifewillnolongertroubleyou.Onlythroughself-disciplinecanyoutrulyownyourfuture.(首先，設(shè)定一個(gè)目標(biāo)，并寫下你想要實(shí)現(xiàn)它的原因。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，列出你需要做的所有事情，然后一次做一件。有了自律，生活中的小事情將不再困擾你。只有通過(guò)自律，你才能真正擁有自己的未來(lái))”可知，本段的主旨是如何進(jìn)行自我管理，故A選項(xiàng)“Howdoyoulearnself-management?(你如何學(xué)會(huì)自我管理？)”可以作為段首主題句。故選A項(xiàng)。【答案】21．B22．D23．B24．C25．A26．A27．B28．C29．D30．A31．C32．C33．D34．A35．D【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者與父親一同前往ElYunque國(guó)家雨林的LaMina瀑布的旅行經(jīng)歷，特別是作者對(duì)冷水的復(fù)雜情感以及與父親在水中的不同表現(xiàn)。展現(xiàn)了作者從猶豫到最終跳入水中的心理變化，以及這一經(jīng)歷所帶來(lái)的成就感和遺憾交織的復(fù)雜情感。【解析】21．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我爸爸計(jì)劃去埃爾云克國(guó)家熱帶雨林的拉米納瀑布旅行時(shí)，我并不是真的對(duì)此感興趣，于是我猶豫地跟著去了。A.anxiously焦慮地；B.hesitantly猶豫地；C.curiously好奇地；D.enthusiastically熱情地。根據(jù)上文“WhenmydadplannedoutatriptoLaMinaFallsintheElYunqueNationalRainforest,Iwasnotreallyintoit”可知，作者并不想去，所以是猶猶豫豫地跟著爸爸去了。故選B。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果水溫不合我的心意，我是不會(huì)像導(dǎo)彈一樣從泳池邊縱身一躍扎進(jìn)水里的。A.time時(shí)間；B.coach教練；C.sport運(yùn)動(dòng)；D.temperature溫度。根據(jù)上文“I’veneverbeenfondofcoldwater.”可知，作者不喜歡冷的水；再根據(jù)空后“I’mnotgoingto

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myselffromthepool’sedgelikeamissile(導(dǎo)彈).”可知，作者對(duì)水溫有要求，因此如果水溫不合作者的心意，作者不會(huì)猛地跳進(jìn)水里。故選D。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果水溫不合我的心意，我是不會(huì)像導(dǎo)彈一樣從泳池邊縱身一躍扎進(jìn)水里的。A.keep保持；B.launch發(fā)起、發(fā)射；C.excuse借口；D.rescue救援。根據(jù)空后的“l(fā)ikeamissile”可推測(cè)，，這里是說(shuō)不會(huì)像導(dǎo)彈一樣從泳池邊發(fā)射自己，即不會(huì)猛地跳進(jìn)水里。故選B。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我是那種會(huì)慢慢下水的人，一步一步地讓自己下沉，讓身體適應(yīng)冰冷的水深處。A.measures測(cè)量；B.saves節(jié)省、挽救；C.takes取、拿；D.kills殺死。根據(jù)上文可知，作者不喜歡冷水，如果水溫不合意，作者不會(huì)猛地跳進(jìn)水里。換句話說(shuō)，作者會(huì)慢慢下水，適應(yīng)冰冷的水?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)：takeone’stimedoingsth.，意為“慢慢做某事”，符合句意。故選C。25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直都不喜歡冷水。我是那種會(huì)慢慢下水的人，一步一步地讓自己下沉，讓身體適應(yīng)冰冷的水深處。A.allowing允許；B.controlling控制；C.examining檢查；D.risking冒險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)oweringmyselfstep-by-step”以及常理可知，作者會(huì)慢慢下水是為了讓身體適應(yīng)冰冷的水深處。故選A。26．考查短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我與水之間復(fù)雜的關(guān)系和我爸爸截然不同。我覺(jué)得爸爸跳水前從來(lái)都不會(huì)先觀察一下周圍情況。A