中考英語一輪復習：閱讀理解之應用文（講義）（原卷版）

A第04講閱讀理解之應用文（講義）

目錄

—復習目標掌握目標及備考方向

二考情分析中考閱讀理解應用文考情分析

1.細節(jié)理解

閱讀應用文的.推理判斷

三2

考向3.解題技巧

3.提升必考題型歸納

四真題感悟中考閱讀應用文經(jīng)典考題精選

【復習目標】

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結構

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3.掌握不同題型的解題方法

【考情分析】

閱讀理解應用文命題規(guī)律

中考英語中的應用文，命題特點顯著，以搜尋直接信息為主，往往涵蓋人物、

事件、時間、地點、數(shù)字等的考查。因此，學生在備考應用文閱讀時，應重點掌握

尋讀策略，帶著問題有針對性地到文中快速尋找答案。

【名師解難】

一、文章類型

閱讀理解之應用文包含廣告、招聘、咨詢和建議、通知等類型的文章。

二、滿分技巧

解答廣告圖表類題，要仔細閱讀表格中的內容，表格類閱讀材料一般都直觀地表達出所要傳遞的信息?？?/p>

生只要能看懂各個項目的意義，即可找出所設問題的答案。這類材料一般不涉及難度太大的題目。

縱觀歷年各省市的中考題可以看出廣告圖表類的文章在閱讀理解中占有相當大的比重，一般四篇閱讀

理解中至少有一篇是廣告圖表類。廣告圖表類的文章屬于應用文的行列?？忌陂喿x這類材料時，主要從

兩方面入手：

一是了解圖表的主題，確定圖表的主要內容，

二是推敲圖畫上的文字或數(shù)字，找出它們之間的關聯(lián)或試圖表達的含義。

【網(wǎng)絡構建】

命題點：時間/日期、要求（年齡、經(jīng)驗等）、

通知/啟事類

信息手段（書信、電話、郵件、網(wǎng)址等）、

（比賽通知、活動通知、邀請函等）

主旨大意

宣傳/介紹類命題點：數(shù)字計算、目標讀者、

應（廣告/海報、人/物/地介紹、文化習俗等）地點與活動的對應、寫作目的

用

文指南/工具書類

命題點：篇章出處、目標讀者、詞句理解/圖文轉換、

（操作/旅游指南、實驗說明、

正誤判斷、寫作目的、文本類型

生活/學習貼士、規(guī)則條例等）

新媒體語篇類命題點：態(tài)度傾向、推斷、主旨大意、

（網(wǎng)頁/媒體信息、評論/問卷等）共同與不同、寫作目的

△一細節(jié)理解題型分析

.夯基-必備基礎知識梳理

命題規(guī)律：

細節(jié)理解題主要考查對文章（或某一段落）中某特定事實信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接細節(jié)理解

題和間接細節(jié)理解題。直接細節(jié)理解題在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,why

和how等提問。間接細節(jié)理解題需要通過有關詞語和句子的轉換，依靠主要事實、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，

然后利用因果、類比、時間、空間等關系進行加工或整理后方能得出結論，此類試題在中考試題中占大多

數(shù)。抓住文章或段落中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該題型的關鍵，也是做好其他類型題的基礎。

預計2024年閱讀理解在應用文、說明文和記敘文中，更是側重對細節(jié)理解題的考查。

命題方式：

1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what.which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出問題。

2.填空題形式。通常涉及與主題有關的事實或細節(jié)。

題型和考查角度：

1.高頻考點：直接信息題；間接信息題。

2.中頻考點：數(shù)字計算題;

3.低頻考點：細節(jié)排序題；正誤判斷題。

△二細節(jié)理解題型方法和技巧

方法1：線索句定位法（直接信息題）

所謂線索句，就是為我們提供正確答案的線索，對線索句的精準定位，是閱讀高分的秘訣。

首先，英語閱讀的試題順序往往對應著段落順序，按照出題順序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；

其次，定位到段后，粗略對比，迅速找到與試題所給句子中單詞/短語重復較多的目標句；最后，將目標句

與試題選項的句子仔細比對，找出區(qū)別，逐個排除錯誤項，定位答案。

方法2：間接信息法

第一步：審讀題干，提取關鍵信息；

第二步：速讀定位原文信息句，將試題信息與原文信息進行語義轉換；

第三步：逐一核對選項，仔細辨別，得出答案。

解題原則：對原文多處相關信息進行整合轉換。

方法3：數(shù)字計算法

第一步：審讀題干，提取關鍵信息；

第二步：速讀定位原文中包含該信息的相關段落；

第三步：進行推算，得出答案。

解題原則：文章中直接給出來相關數(shù)據(jù)，要經(jīng)過具體的對比、分析、計算才能夠得出答案。

方法4：細節(jié)排除法

第一步：審讀題干和四個選項的內容；

第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分選項，縮小范圍；

第三步：如排序內容較多，再查看剩余選項的異同處，縮小范圍；

如排序內容較少，一般即可快速得出答案。

解題原則：采用“首尾定位法”，先根據(jù)第一個事件和最后一個事件縮小范圍，再根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和

句子之間的邏輯關系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。

A（2023年河南中考）

KewGardens

Enjoyyourselvesinawonderlandofsciencewithover50,000livingplantsanddifferentkindsofeducational

eventsorinterestingactivities.HereissomeusefulinformationaboutplanningaschoolvisittoKewGardens.

Educationalsession（時段）prices

Youcanplanaself-ledvisitorbookoneofoureducationalsessions.Studentswilltakepartintheeducational

sessionsingroupsof15.Pricesaredifferentaccordingtodifferentsituations.

?45-minutesession:￡35/group?90-minutesession:￡70/group（21題）

?Halfday（onesession）:￡80/groupeFullday（twosessions）:￡160/group

Healthandsafety

Requiredteacher-studentratios（比仞!I）:

?KeyStage1:1:5

?KeyStage2:1:8

?KeyStage3:1:10

?KeyStage4:1:12

Ifyouneedhelp,pleasecontact（聯(lián)系）theKewstaffmembers（工作人員）.Youcanalsocall02023323333

fordirectandquicksupport.Pleasedonotcall999.

Timings

TheKewGardensopensat10am.Yourvisitmaytakethreetofivehours.Theclosingtimechanges

throughouttheyear.Buttheearliestis3:30pm.Wehaveafixedscheduleforeducationalsessions,whichisfrom

10:30amto2:20pm.

根據(jù)材料內容選擇最佳答案。

21.Howmuchshouldagroupof15studentspayfora90-minutesession?

A.￡35.B.￡70.C.￡80.D.￡160.

22Howmanyteachersareneededif40children（KeyStage2）visitKewGardens?

A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.

23.Whatshouldyoudoifyouneedhelpaccordingtothetext?

A.Call999rightaway.B.Callyourparentsatonce.

C.Turntoyourteachers.D.Askstaffmembersforhelp.

24.Whichofthefollowingisapropertimetotakepartintheeducationalsessions?

A.9:30am.B.11:30am.C.3:30pm.D.4:30pm.

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.TolistthereasonsforvisitingKewGardens.

B.TointroducedifferentplantsinKewGardens.

C.TocomparedifferentactivitiesinKewGardens.

D.TogiveinformationaboutvisitingKewGardens.

【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.B

【解析】

【導語】本文主要介紹了去邱園參觀的相關信息。

[21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“90-minutesession:￡70/group”可知90分鐘課程一組需要70磅。故選B?

【技巧點撥】細節(jié)理解：直接搜尋答案。

這類題比較簡單，通常是原文再現(xiàn)：（1）題干中的關鍵信息點在文章中有直接具體的再現(xiàn)；（2）選項中的關鍵

信息點在文章中有直接具體的再現(xiàn)。

做題過程中，可通過確定關鍵詞一在文中查找關鍵詞或其派生詞、近義詞、反義詞一比對選項和原文細節(jié)

等確定答案。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“KeyStage2:1:8”可知老師和學生的比例是1:8,所以40個孩子需要5名老師。故選C。

【技巧點撥】細節(jié)理解：間接搜尋答案。

考生可以先閱讀題干確定關鍵詞，然后在原文中尋找相關信息，并進行信息轉換。

根據(jù)師生比例中KeyStage2：1：8（關鍵階段2：1：8）可知，如果40名兒童參觀邱園，需要5名教師。故

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyouneedhelp,pleasecontact（聯(lián)系）theKewstaffmembers”可知如果你需要幫助，可以

聯(lián)系工作人員。故選D。

【技巧點撥】細節(jié)理解：直接搜尋答案。

根據(jù)23題定位段可知，如果需要幫助，可以向員工尋求幫助，也可以撥打02023323333,但不能撥打999

求助。故選D。

[24題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Wehaveafixedscheduleforeducationalsessions,whichisfrom10:30amto2:20pm.”可知教

育課程時間是從上午10點半到下午2點半。故選B。

【技巧點撥】細節(jié)理解：直接搜尋答案。

根據(jù)最后一句可知，上午■點30分是參加教育課程的合適時間。故選B。

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.TolistthereasonsforvisitingKewGardens.

B.TointroducedifferentplantsinKewGardens.

C.TocomparedifferentactivitiesinKewGardens.

D.TogiveinformationaboutvisitingKewGardens.

【技巧點撥】寫作目的推斷：通讀篇首和段首，找出主題句。

根據(jù)第一段最后一句以及每段小標題可知，文章的主要目的是提供參觀邱園的信息。故選D。

△三推理判斷題型方法和技巧

所謂推斷就是從已知的事情中推測。這里所說的未知是指文章或作者沒有直接說明但已暗示出來，或

者根據(jù)作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性結論。所以推斷類題目盡管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我

們可以在文章中找到可供推論的依據(jù)。還有一個重要的技巧就是排除法的適當運用。很多錯誤選項的排除

要靠我們對于文章事實和細節(jié)的準確把握。因此我們也要相應加強對于文章事實細節(jié)的訓練。

應用文的推理判斷有幾種：

1.文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語言、用詞、格式、內容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報紙、網(wǎng)絡等。

主要考查學生對各種文章出處的特點和常識的掌握能力，以及對文章的體裁和題材的準確把握能力。

2.邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關系，對文章片段或全文進行深層理解來解答題目。常以時間關

系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等

弦外之音。主要考查學生對文章細節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。

.提升-必考題型歸納

（一）

（2024?遼寧?統(tǒng)考模擬預測）

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Agesofthecitywalkers

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over34:4%

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（四）（2022.浙江杭州.浙江師范大學附屬杭州寬橋實驗中學模擬預測）

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（五）（2022.廣東陽江?校考一模）

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childrenandhowtoteachChinesetothem.

?Age:14?17yearsold.

Ifyouareinterested,pleasesendane-mailtousataccecsummercamp?163.combyJuly20th,2022orcall

MissChena

14.TheACCEC?sgoalis.

A.toexchangecultureB.tohavefun

C.tomakemoneyD.tomakefriends

15.Studentsinthesummercampwill________.

A.flytoAmericaB.learnAmericanculture

C.watchamovieD.learnsomeChinese

16.Thetrainingforthevolunteerslastsbefore.

A.abouttendaysB.twoweeksC.aboutthreeweeksD.overamonth

17.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteerofthesummercamp,youshould.

A.bepatientenoughtogetonwellwiththeoldandthesick

B.begoodatcommunicatingwithothersandworkasateam

C.havesomeexperienceofteachingthechildrenEnglish

D.haveaninterviewwiththeteacherbeforeJuly20th

18.Thepassageismostlywrittenfor.

A.universityteachersinNewYork

B.middleschoolstudentsinGuangzhou

C.shopownersinLondon

D.schoolleadersinBeijing

（六）（2022?廣東深圳?模擬預測）

TherearewebsitesfornearlyeverygameandhobbyontheInternet.Thefollowingareafewexamples.

TeenReads

YoungbookloverswillenjoyTeenReads.Thewebsiteprovidesreviewsofnewandpopularbooksfor

teenagers,alongwithsurveys,contestsandplacestodiscussfavoritebooks.Teenscanalsoworktheirwaythrough

the"ultimate（最終的）“readinglistonthesite.

TeenNick

Fansofentertainment（娛樂）channelTeenNickwillfindinformationonthelatestshows,aswellasgames,

videosandquizzes.Whilethesiteoffersupdates（更新）onTeenNickshows,italsoprovidesstoriesjustforteens,

suggestionsonhowtosurvivehighschoolgivebacktoschool.

TheInSite

TheInSiteisdesignedforteenswhohaveaninterestinimprovingtheworld.Teenscanlearnaboutsocial

problemsandwaystobuildapositiveself-image（積極的自我形象）.Theycanalsosubmit（提交）artworkand

writing,orhavediscussionsonhowtomaketheworldabetterplace.

ChallengeYou

ChallengeYouisacomputergamedesignwebsite.Teenscandesigngamesonthesiteorplaygamesdesigned

byotherkidsandteens.Theycansharetheirgameswithfriendsortakepartinweeklygame-buildingcontests.

Thereisalsoachatroomandaforum（論壇）forthemtodiscussgamebuildingorjusttoplaygamestogether.

19.Whatcan'tweb-usersdoonTeenReads?

A.Havereadingcontest.B.Discussaboutbooks.

C.Buybooks.D.Readbooks.

20.WhichofthefollowingAdsmatchesTeenNick?

A.Stories,videos,andwonderfulgames.Allinone!

B.It'snevertoolatetomaketheworldabetterplace!

C.Ifyouwanttobuildapositiveself-image,clickhere!

D.Comeon!You'llknowwhatanexcellentreaderyouare!

21.Whichwebsitecouldbethebestchoiceforsomeonewholovesart?

A.TeenReads.B.TeenNick.C.TheInSite.D.ChallengeYou.

22.Wherecanwepossiblyfindthepassage?

A.Atravelguidebook.B.Amagazineforteenagers.

C.Asciencereport.D.AprogramforEnglishlearning.

（七）（2023?江西南昌?）

Hello,we'retheSunshineTravelAgencyinNanchang.Springiscoming,whynotgoonajourney?Wehave

somegreatscenicspots（景點）foryouinJiangxi.

Fenghuanggou,Nanchang

Ticket:￥85（kidsunder1.2m:halfprice;oldpeople>60:free）

Openingtime:8:00a.m.一5:00p.m.（10:00a.m.一8:00p.m.on

weekends）

Activities:manykindsofflowers,scienceknowledge,agricultural

experience

MingyueMountain,Yichun

Ticket:￥95(parentswithachild:￥200;oldpeople>60:free)

Openingtime:8:30a.m.一5:30p.m.(closedonMonday)

Activities:mountainclimbing,waterfall,thehotspring

SanqingMountain,Shangrao

Ticket:￥105(childrenunder4:free;oldpeople>60:free)

Openingtime:7:00a.m.一5:00p.m.

Activities:mountainclimbing,strangestones,glassplankroad(玻璃棧

道)

23.WherecanpeoplevisitinNanchang?

A.MingyueMountain.B.Fenghuanggou.C.SanqingMountain.D.Lu

Mountain.

24.Mr.Hanplanstohaveatriprecently,whichactivitycanhetakepartin?

A.Experiencingtheagricultureat9:00a.m.onSaturdayinNanchang.

B.Enjoyingthehotspringat9:00a.m.onMondayinYichun.

C.Climbingmountainsat11:00a.m.onSundayinNanchang.

D.Experiencingtheglassplankroadat9:00a.m.onTuesdayinShangrao.

25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothechart?

A.ThetravelagencyisfromNanchang.

B.Peopleover60arefreeinallthesethreespots.

C.AllthesethreespotsareinJiangxi.

D.PeopleinNanchangcangettothesethreespotsbybus.

(A)(2023?山西大同?模擬預測)

WhatkindofiPadareyouusing?WhatdoyouthinkofyouriPad?Somepeoplearewritingreviewsabout

theiriPad.

?New★★★★★Easytouse,stayschargedforquitealongtime

ItisthefirstiPadIhavebought.I'mexcitedtofindIcanusemyprinterBluetoothwithit!

I'mveryhappywithit.IalsoIboughtaprotectivecase.Thepenisalsoontheway.

AppleiPadLoadingappswaseasy,usingitquitesimpleforan“oldgirl"aged67.

Wi-Fi|一Mrs.Black

Bluetooth

￥2,000

★★★★☆Goodtablet,greatscreen,oneproblem

Ifsthin,lightandeasytohold.Screenisbeautiful.SpeakersSoundisthebest

SamsungGalaxy

asatablet.Butithasonesmallproblem-Thereisnoheadphonejack（插孔）becauseitisso

TabS5e

thin.

Wi-Fi|GPS|

一David

Bluetooth

￥1,875

★★★★★Goodchoice

Thishadthebesthardware（硬件）forthebestprice.ItworksmuchbetterwhenIonly

HuaweiMediaPad

useitforwebbrowsingandbookreading.Thepictureisgoodasmy4KTV.Thebattery（電

M5

池）lifeisexcellent.Icanwatchvideosforatleast8hoursbeforethebatteryreachescritical

Wi-Fi|

atabout14%.

Bluetooth

一Dredhead

￥2,080

26.Ifyouwanttobuyatablet（平板電腦）foryour60-year-oldgrandma,youcanchoose.

A.NewAppleiPadB.SamsungGalaxyTabS5eC.HuaweiMediaPadM5

27.DavidmayhavetobuyBluetoothenabledheadphonesorspeakersforexternalaudiobecause.

A.theheadphonesareongreatsale

B.thereissomethingwrongwithhisears

C.SamsungGalaxyTabS5ehasnoheadphonejack

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.HuaweiMediaPadM5hasthemostexcellentbattery.

B.DredheadboughtaprotectivecasetogetherwiththeNewAppleiPad.

C.DavidthinksNewAppleiPadisbetterthanSamsungGalaxyTabS5e.

29.Dredheadpaidforhistablet.

A.￥2,000B.￥2,080C.￥1,875

30.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom.

A.anewspaperB.atravelguideC.ashoppingwebsite

（2023?浙江湖州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

￡勺1"THESCHOOCPL-AYNotanactor?

allsivdrnlslor試演)!Wealsoneed

Setbesign.Someoneto

drawfunwinterbackgrounds.

CrittersonIce!Heorshemustalsofindthings

isaboutanimalsandkeskates.

suchasumbrellas,gloves,andice

Thewriteranddirectorisour

skatestouseintheplay.

dramateacher,MsAnnCore.

U9ht：Someonetomakethe

Actorsareneeded(“匚actnrw-shine*onstage.Gre?n

foethefollowingroles.

匚2andbluelightsfolkm,

eachanimal.

Sound：Someonetomakesureevery

wordisheard.

Auditionsare

onFriday,February27,at3：30

inthegym.

Hotcocoawillbeserved.

1.Whatisthenameoftheplay?

A.NotanActor?B.CrittersonIce!

C.TheSchoolPlayD.Flora,Richard,TimandJames

2.IfyoudoSetDesign,youareexpectedto.

A.callthestudentsforauditions

B.preparethefunbackgrounds

C.makethelightsfolloweachanimal

D.makesureeverywordisheard

3.Thetextisprobably.

A.aposterB.aspeechC.areportD.apoem

（2023?湖南湘西?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Name:TheWanderingEarth//（《流浪地球2》）

Kind:Sciencefiction;Action

Release（上映）Time:January22

Period:2h53min

Boxoffice（票房）inChina:3.93billionyuan（$566million）

BoxofficeinNorthAmerica:$4million

Director:GuoFan

Actors:AndyL