第一部分 選擇性必修第三冊 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION選擇性必修第三冊目

錄Contents01基礎(chǔ)幫默寫自測02教材幫核心突破03高考幫題型對接04練習(xí)幫課時提能

基礎(chǔ)默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫其形1.

vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；軟化2.

vt.&n.排放；釋放；發(fā)布3.

n.燃料；刺激性言行

vt.給……提供燃料；加強(qiáng)；刺激4.

adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的melt

release

fuel

worldwide

5.

n.趨勢；趨向6.

vt.&vi.(過去式

；過去分詞

)播送；廣播n.廣播節(jié)目trend

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ7.

n.政策；方針；原則8.

vt.抓住；奪??；控制9.

vi.&vt.改革n.改革policy

seize

reform

10.

vt.(過去式

；過去分詞

)經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受(變

化、不快等)11.

vt.恢復(fù)；使復(fù)原；修復(fù)12.

n.(一)打；十二個13.

vt.對……處以罰款undergo

underwent

undergone

restore

dozen

fine

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展單詞——通其變1.

vi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→

n.饑餓；挨餓；餓死→

adj.極餓的2.

n.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)→

n.生態(tài)學(xué)家→

adj.生態(tài)的；生態(tài)學(xué)的starve

starvation

starving

ecology

ecologist

ecological

3.

vt.維持；遭受；承受住→

adj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的4.comprehendvi.&vt.理解；包括→

n.理解；包括→

adj.全部的；所有的；綜合性的；詳盡的5.

adj.經(jīng)常的；頻繁的→

adv.頻繁地；經(jīng)?！?/p>

n.頻繁sustain

sustainable

comprehension

comprehensive

frequent

frequently

frequency

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

vt.限制；限定；束縛→

n.限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束

→restrictedadj.受限制的；保密的→restrictiveadj.限制性的；約束的7.

n.融洽；和諧→

adj.和諧的8.

vt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服→

n.提交；呈遞；屈服→submissiveadj.順從的9.

adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鑒→

adv.每年；一

年一次地restrict

restriction

harmony

harmonious

submit

submission

annual

annually

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.

n.感覺；理解力→

adj.明智的；合理的→senselessadj.無意

義的；失去知覺的→

adj.敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→insensitiveadj.不敏感的；不在乎的；麻木的11.

n.煙霧(煙與霧混合的空氣污染物)→

adj.煙霧彌漫的12.

vt.保護(hù)→

n.對(環(huán)境、文物等)保護(hù)；保持→

adj.保守的sense

sensible

sensitive

smog

smoggy

conserve

conservation

conservative

13.

vt.檢查；視察→

n.檢查；查看；視察→

n.檢查員；視察員14.

vt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerancen.容忍；寬容→

adj.可

容忍的→

adj.容忍的；寬容的inspect

inspection

inspector

tolerate

tolerable

tolerant

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.graph

n.

?2.emission

n.

?3.fossil

n.

?4.footprint

n.

?5.tropical

adj.

?圖；圖表；曲線圖

排放物；散發(fā)物；排放

化石

足跡；(某物所占的)空間量；面積

熱帶的；來自熱帶的

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.chaos

n.

?7.nuclear

adj.

?8.jungle

n.

?9.volume

n.

?10.enterprise

n.

?混亂；雜亂；紊亂

原子能的；核能的；原子核的

(熱帶)叢林；密林

量；體積；(成套書籍中的)一卷

公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短語——明搭配1.

對……有影響2.

對……造成傷害3.

導(dǎo)致4.

采取行動/措施5.

尋找haveanimpacton

causedamageto

leadto

takeaction/measures

insearchof

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

滅亡7.

代表/代替某人8.

最終；結(jié)果9.

許多10.

在實施中；實際上dieout

onbehalfof

endup

dozensof

ineffect

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.經(jīng)典句式——會運用1.

.(Thereislittledoubtthat...)毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越暖。2.

.(without引起的虛擬語氣)沒有這個過程，地球就無法維持生命。ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer

Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.

?theriseintemperaturehasledto

anincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，

?

.(that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；notonly...but

also...)有強(qiáng)有力并且全面的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升已導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增加，不

僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且造成人類生命損失。Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethat

notonlycausing

seriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ4.Previously，waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists，

.(＂代詞＋of＋whom＂引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)此前，漓江的水質(zhì)因游客數(shù)量增加而受到嚴(yán)重破壞，許多游客頻繁將垃圾扔入

江中。manyofwhomfrequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver

5.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，

?

.(＂with＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞＂構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))隨著越來越多的家庭和商業(yè)廢水流入河流，水污染程度增加。withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteending

endingupintheriver

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ語境自測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(用本單元詞匯)1.Carbondioxideis

throughhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels，

aswellasnaturalprocessessuchasvolcaniceruptions.2.Itiswarnedthatthiswarming

?willbecomeworseifwedonottakeappropriatemeasures.3.Anincreaseinaveragetemperaturebyonlyafewdegreescouldcauseenvironmental

problems

?.released

trend

worldwide

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Theconcertwillbe

liveontelevisionandradiotomorrowevening.5.Thepresentgovernment’s

oneducationtriestoincludeeverychild.6.Thelawneedstobe

?sinceitisnotsuitableanymorewiththedevelopmentofthecountry.7.Students

theopportunitytoenjoythemselvesinnature.8.Somechildren

?acompletetransformationwhentheybecometeenagers.broadcast

policy

reformed

seized

undergo

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Aftertheearthquake，some

?peopletrappedinruinsdiedof

atlast.(starve)2.Thegovernmenttriestobuilda

society，wherepeoplecanlive

withothers.(harmony)3.Theconsultantwasa

visitortothiscompanyinthelastmonth.Therefore，employeessawhiminmanager’soffice

.However，

the

?hasdecreasedalotthisweek.Maybetheproblemhasbeensolved.(frequent)starving

starvation

harmonious

harmoniously

frequent

frequently

frequency

4.Thecompanyistotally

byitssparemoney，andisboundtogointo

bankruptcywithouta

systeminthemonthsahead.(sustain)sustained

sustainable

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.To

wildlife，ourgovernmenttriesitsbesttoraisepublicawarenessof

wildlife

.Ata

estimate，hundredsofspecieshave

beensavedfromdistinction.(conserve)6.Agroupof

areaboutto

ourschool，andthentheywill

makeajudgmentaccordingtotheir

.(inspect)conserve

conservation

conservative

inspectors

inspect

inspection

7.Mybestfriend’sparentsarevery

?towardsherchoicesaslongastheyare

，butsometimesshepushesthemtoofar.(tolerate)8.

believethatthesystemisbothpracticaland

?

sound.(ecology)tolerant

tolerable

Ecologists

ecologically

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框內(nèi)短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子haveanimpacton

takemeasures

dieout

onbehalfof

dozensof1.Ourgovernmentisattemptingto

topreventandcontrolairpollution.2.

volunteershavebeenassignedtodisposeofthegarbagesincelastweek.3.

thestaff，Iwishtoextendourwarmestwelcometoyou.takemeasures

Dozensof

Onbehalfof

4.Microplasticshavebecomeoneofthemostpressingglobalenvironmentalissues，

which

theclimateandenvironment.5.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethertraditionaltechnologyandmethodsareboundto

whenacountrybeginstodevelopmodernscienceandtechnology.haveanimpacton

dieout

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿寫1.毋庸置疑，汽車排放物已經(jīng)成為一個大問題，尤其是在城市里。(Thereislittle

doubtthat...)

havebecomeabigproblem，especiallyincities.Thereislittledoubtthatcaremissions

2.沒有嚴(yán)格的政策和有效的措施，中國就不可能在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得如此巨大的成

就。(without引起的虛擬語氣)

?

?.3.有證據(jù)表明動植物對氣候很敏感。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句)

?.Withoutstrictpoliciesandeffectivemeasures/steps，Chinacouldn’thavemadesuch

greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection

Thereisevidencethatanimalsandplantsaresensitivetoclimate

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.作為中國的首都，北京不僅有悠久的歷史，還是一個現(xiàn)代化的城市。(notonly...butalso...)AsthecapitalofChina，Beijing

?.5.30名參賽者將參加，每人需要發(fā)表3至5分鐘的演講。(＂代詞＋of＋whom＂引導(dǎo)的

非限制性定語從句)Thirtycompetitorswilltakepart，

?

?.notonlyhasalonghistory，butalsoisamoderncity

eachofwhomisrequiredtodeliveraspeechof3to

5minutes

6.隨著暑假的臨近，似乎每個人都在忙著做假期計劃。(＂with＋

賓語

＋

現(xiàn)在分

詞＂構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

，itseemsthateverybodyisbusymaking

holidayplans.Withthesummerholidaysapproaching

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

1.Earthisgettingwarmer，whichisapoliticallysensitiveissuecausingmanycreatures

acrosstheworldtohavestarvedorevendied，accordingtosomebroadcasts.Forthis

phenomenon，the＂greenhouseeffect＂istoblame.Naturally，whentheheatfromthe

earthisreleasedbackintospace，greenhousegasesintheatmospheretrapsome，

keepingEarth’sclimateinaharmoniouswaytosustainlife.However，humanactivitieslikeburningfossil

fuelsproducetoomanygreenhousegases，whichcauseariseintemperatureonEarth.Luckily，governmentsworldwideareplanningreformsandcomprehensive

policiestorestrictgreenhousegasemissions，alongwiththeeffortsofenterprisesandthepublic.2.Nobodycantoleratelivinginahotpot.Thereisnodoubtthatmankindhastosubmit

tosomeurgentproblems—thewarmingtrendofEarthandtheconsequentproblemslike

themeltingice，

frequentextremeweatherandecological

chaos.Thereissomuchwe

mustdoandwecando.We，asindividuals，canreduceour＂carbonfootprint＂in

dozens

ofways.On

behalf

oftheyoung，Iwillseizeeveryopportunitytoplayarolein

theenvironmentalconservation

campaign.

1restrict

vt.限制，限定(limit)；束縛；妨礙；約束1.[譯林選必②-3]Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnology

?thetreatmentand

preventionofdiseases？2.[譯林選必④-2]Infact，therehaveneverbeenanyformalacademicrestrictions

?newborrowedwords.to

on

3.Onlya

(restrict)rangeofenterpriseswerefoundinaninspectiontorecyclecarbondioxideinsteadofreleasingitdirectlyintotheair.4.I

(限制自己每天只

玩半小時手機(jī)).教師尊享?點撥

restrict...to...中to為介詞，其后只能跟名詞、代詞、動名詞。restricted

restrictmyselftoplayingwithmycellphonehalfanhouraday

5.Anincreasingnumberofpeopleonlystayathomealldaylongbecauseoftheiraddictiontothoseelectronicdevices.→Itistheaddictiontothoseelectronicdevices

?

alldaylong.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)thatrestrictsanincreasingnumberofpeople

tostayingathome

★restrict...to...將……限定在……內(nèi)restrictoneself/sb.to(doing)sth.限制自己/某人只做某事★restrictedadj.有限的；保密的berestrictedto...限于……★restrictionn.限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束withoutrestriction不受限制arestrictiononsth.對……的限制2seize

vt.抓??；奪??；控制；扣押；(情緒)侵襲1.突然，她向前沖去，在門前抓住了母親的手臂。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)Allofasudden，shechargedforwardand

?

?infrontofthedoor.2.我強(qiáng)烈建議你們抓住每一個機(jī)會去減少碳足跡。I

?your

carbonfootprint.seizedhermotherbythearm/seizedher

mother’sarm

stronglyrecommend(that)you(should)seizeeveryopportunitytoreduce

3.聽了這個壞消息，她感到一陣悲傷，忍不住痛哭。(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)Uponhearingthebadnews，

?andcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly.★seizeachance/anopportunity抓住機(jī)會seizesb.bythearm/seizeone’sarm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名詞＋seizesb.＝sb.beseizedwith/by＋表情感的名詞，表示＂某人突然感到……＂shewasseizedby/with(aburstof)sadness

3submit

vt.&

vi.(submitted，

submitted，

submitting)提交；呈遞；屈服；被迫接受1.Papersonecology

(submit)afterthedeadlinewillbeconsideredlateand

receivelowergrades.submitted

2.Shehadtosubmitherselfto

(listen)tohiscontinuouscomplaintsabouthis

schoolpolicyfortherewasnooneelseintheroom.教師尊享?點撥

submit...to...中to為介詞，其后只能跟名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。3.Whenisthefinaldateforthe

(submit)ofourproposals？listening

submission

4.盡管在日常生活中我經(jīng)歷了許多挑戰(zhàn)和困難，我堅決不屈服于它們。EvenifIunderwentmanychallengesandhardshipsindailylife，

?

?.5.如果你對這個職位感興趣，請于12月28日之前提交申請至校辦公室。(通知)Ifyou’reinterestedintheposition，

?

?before28thDecember.Iwasdeterminednot

tosubmit(myself)tothem

pleasesubmityourapplicationtotheschooloffice

★submitsth.to...向……提交某物submit(oneself)to(doing)sth.屈服/順從于(做)某事★submissionn.提交，呈遞；屈服4sensitive

adj.敏感的，易生氣的；善解人意的；靈敏的；過敏的敏感的，易生氣的敏感的，須謹(jǐn)慎對待的易受影響的，過敏的4.[北師必修②-6]Empathymeansyoutrytoputyourselfinothers’shoesandbeawareof

andsensitive

?theirfeelings.5.他很敏感，而且相當(dāng)嚴(yán)肅，生活中很少有朋友和他交流。(人物介紹)

，withfewfriendsinhislifetocommunicatewith.★besensitiveto/about對……敏感，忌諱……besensitiveto對……體貼/易過敏/靈敏★sensibleadj.明智的；合理的to

He’ssensitiveandratherserious

5tolerate

vt.忍受(put

up

with)；包容；容許

1.Ican’ttoleratehis

(throw)garbageeverywhereanymore！Thedisposal

issohard.2.[譯林選必①-4]Thisopenand

(tolerate)atmosphereallowedLiBaithe

libertytodevelopafreeandunconstrainedpersonality，which，inturn，hadahuge

impactonhispoeticproduction.throwing

tolerant

3.她沒有責(zé)備孩子，而是對他寬容地笑了笑，輕輕拍了拍他的肩膀。(讀后續(xù)寫之神態(tài)、動作描寫)Insteadofblamingthechild，she

?andpattedhimonthe

shoulder.gavehimatolerantsmile

★tolerate/putupwith(doing)sth.忍受(做)某事can’ttolerate/bear/stand(doing)sth.不能忍受(做)某事★tolerantadj.容忍的；寬容的betolerantof/towards...容忍/寬容……6onbehalf

of代表(代替)；為了；為幫助1.我很高興代表我們學(xué)校邀請你觀看主題為＂自然愛好者＂的表演。(邀請信)→①

，I’mdelightedtoinviteyouto

watchtheperformancethemed＂Naturelovers＂.(onbehalfof)→②

，I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutowatchtheperformance

themed＂Naturelovers＂.(represent)Onbehalfofourschool/Onourschool’sbehalf

Representingourschool

2.眾所周知，在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，紅色代表幸福和吉祥。(中國文化)Asisknowntousall，

?intraditional

Chineseculture.教師尊享?點撥這里的＂代表＂為＂象征＂之意，可用standfor/represent，而不可用onbehalf

of；表示＂代表……的利益，作為……的代言人＂時可用onbehalfof/represent。redstandsfor/representshappinessandluck

★onbehalfofsb./onone’sbehalf代表(代替)某人；為了某人；為幫助某人★其他表示＂代表＂的詞匯：representv.代表，作為……的代言人；象征；相當(dāng)于standfor代表，表示；支持，主張7dozens

of許多；很多1.[人教必修③-1]Thenewlymarriedcouplereceived

(dozen)oflettersof

congratulationfromtheirfriends.2.[人教選必③-4]Itriedtophoneyouthismorning.Imusthavetriedadozen

(time)beforeIcaughtyouhere.dozens

times

3.Bythismorning，9peoplehavebeenconfirmeddeadanddozensofpeople

(be)stillmissing.4.我們有二十幾名同學(xué)報名參加了比賽。

?教師尊享?點撥dozen后跟us，them，you這幾個代詞，或其后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞受these/those/the/my/

名詞所有格等修飾時，dozen后必須加of，表示＂部分與整體＂的關(guān)系。are

Twodozenofourclassmatesenteredforthecontest.

★dozenn.(一)打，十二個；[pl.]許多★dozen前有表示數(shù)字意義的詞修飾時，不加-s，其后不用of。adozen＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

一打/十二個……；十來個……基數(shù)詞/several/many＋dozen＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

幾十個……8There

is

little/no

doubt

that...幾乎沒有/毫無疑問……1.[人教選必④-4]Tobehonest，Idoubt

I’mmakinganydifferenceto

theseboys’livesatall.2.[外研選必②-6]Thereisnodoubt

humankindisdrawntowardsMars，with

dreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.whether/if

that

3.毫無疑問，智能手機(jī)使我們與同學(xué)和家人的交流變得更加容易?！?/p>

?smartphonesmakeiteasierforustocommunicatewithour

classmatesandfamily.(介詞短語)→②

，smartphonesmakeiteasierforustocommunicatewithour

classmatesandfamily.(副詞)→③

?smartphonesmakeiteasierforusto

communicatewithourclassmatesandfamily.(從句)Withoutdoubt

Undoubtedly

Thereisnodoubtthat/Nodoubt(that)

★There

is

little/no

doubt

that...中，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用于解釋說明doubt的內(nèi)容?！飀oubt

n.懷疑，不確定

＋

同位語從句doubt

whether...(一般不用if)no

doubt

that...without

doubt

毫無疑問，的確★doubt

v.懷疑，不確定

＋

賓語從句doubt

whether/if...not

doubt

(that)...★doubtful

adj.懷疑；未必；懸而未定

undoubtedly

adv.無疑9without引起的虛擬語氣1.[北師選必①-3]沒有森林，我們就沒有呼吸的空氣；沒有干凈的水，我們就無法

生存。Withoutforests，

，andwithoutcleanwater

?

?.wewouldhavenoairtobreathe

we

would/should/couldbeunabletosurvive

2.如果沒有你及時的幫助，我的英語口語就不會有很快的進(jìn)步。(感謝信)

Withoutyourtimelyhelp，Iwould/should/couldnothavemaderapidprogressinmy

oralEnglish.

?

?3.＂要是我沒有睡著就好了?。⑺錆M了內(nèi)疚和遺憾。＂

?。ewasfilledwithguiltandregret.(ifonly)IfonlyIhadn’tfallenasleep

4.那位陌生人耐心地把他帶到畫廊。否則，他就會錯過這次展覽。Thestrangerpatientlyguidedhimtothegallery.

?

.(otherwise)Otherwise，hecould/should/would

havemissedtheexhibition

★without＋

n./pron.可以引起虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞(以do為例)如下：would/might/could/shoulddo(與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾吹募僭O(shè))would/might/could/shouldhavedone(與過去事實相反的假設(shè))★有類似用法的還有：with，butfor，ifonly，otherwise，or等。

Ⅰ.語法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配、易錯動詞變形1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Cyclingisthemosteconomical，

(sustain)andfunway

toexplorethecity，withitsbeautifulcanals，parks，squaresandcountlesslights.sustainable

2.[2023全國乙]EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine，

itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappear

(frequent)onourtelevision

screens...3.[2023全國乙]Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare

(broadcast)moreoftenthanbefore.frequently

broadcast

ⅠⅡⅢ4.[2021北京]Youmustshowproofofa

(comprehend)healthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.教師尊享?點撥句意：你必須出示在整個實習(xí)期間在目標(biāo)國家有效的綜合健康保險證明。comprehensive

5.[2020浙江]TodothisIhavesearchedthrough

(dozen)ofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.6.[天津高考]Submitatopicproposal

?yourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequireasecondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.7.[江蘇高考]Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstoprevent

(starve)

duringthewetseason.dozens

to

starvation

ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.閱讀理解——

一詞多義、熟詞生義1.A.音量B.書C.量，額①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—

absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.

?②[2020北京]Forexample，algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonour

financialmarkets，self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets...

?③[北京高考]With

TV

Ears

wireless

technology，

you

set

your

own

headset

volume，

while

other

TV

listeners

hear

the

television

atavolume

level

that’s

comfortable

for

them.

?B

C

A

ⅠⅡⅢ教師尊享?點撥

volume還有＂容量；(書籍的)卷，冊＂之意。如：☆jarsofdifferentvolumes不同容量的罐子☆thefirstvolumeofhisautobiography他自傳的第一卷☆alibraryofover50，000volumes藏書5萬多冊的圖書館ⅠⅡⅢ2.[2021北京]We’renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandgloba