2024-2025學年陜西省渭南市大荔縣高二上學期期末學業(yè)水平評估英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省渭南市大荔縣2024-2025學年高二上學期期末學業(yè)水平評估英語試卷第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHerearetheintroductionsandachievementsoffourscientists.J?nsJacobBerzeliusJ?nsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.NielsHenrikDavidBohrNielsHenrikDavidBohrwasaDanishphysicist.Heproposedtheatomic(原子的)modelknownastheBohrmodel,whichexplainedthebehaviorofelectronsmovinginfixedenergylevelsororbitsaroundtheatomicnucleus.Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.RobertBoyleRobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle’slaw.Boyle’slawdescribestherelationshipbetweenthepressureandvolume(體積)ofagasatconstanttemperature.Boyle’sworklaidthefoundationforthemodernunderstandingofgasbehaviorandpromotedthedevelopmentofscientificexperimentalmethods.WilliamLawrenceBraggWilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶體學).TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg’slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.1.WhatdowesayaboutJ?nsJacobBerzelius?A.Heinventedanewchemicalsubstance.B.Heestablishedthemodernperiodictable.C.Hewasreferredtoasafounderofmodernphysics.D.Hemadeimportantachievementsinthefieldofelectrochemistry.2.WhowasborninIreland?A.JonsJacobBerzelius. B.NielsHenrikDavidBohr.C.RobertBoyle. D.WilliamLawrenceBragg.3.WhatdoNielsHenrikDavidBohrandWilliamLawrenceBragghaveincommon?A.TheywereborninDenmark. B.Theymadeacontributiontophysics.C.Theydiscoverednewmodelsforchemistry. D.Theydidresearchtogetherwiththeirfamily.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【語篇解讀】本文是應用文。文章介紹了四個科學家和他們的成就。【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)J?nsJacobBerzelius標題下的“J?nsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.(J?ns雅各布·貝采里烏斯是一位瑞典化學家，通常被認為是現(xiàn)代化學的創(chuàng)始人之一。他發(fā)展了一套化學符號系統(tǒng)，為現(xiàn)代元素周期表的建立奠定了基礎。貝采里烏斯在電化學領(lǐng)域也有重要發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，他在電化學方面做出了重要發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RobertBoyle標題下的“RobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle’slaw.(羅伯特·波義耳，出生于愛爾蘭，被認為是現(xiàn)代化學的奠基人之一，以波義耳定律而聞名。)”可知，羅伯特·波義耳出生在愛爾蘭。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NielsHenrikDavidBohr標題下的“Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.(他的模型有助于解釋元素的光譜，并為原子物理學的進一步發(fā)展奠定了基礎。)”和最后一段WilliamLawrenceBragg標題下的“WilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶體學).TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg’slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.(威廉·勞倫斯·布拉格是一位出生于澳大利亞的英國物理學家，他與父親威廉·亨利·布拉格一起發(fā)展了著名的布拉格定律，對X射線晶體學做出了重大貢獻。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)徹底改變了晶體學領(lǐng)域，為確定包括DNA和蛋白質(zhì)在內(nèi)的各種物質(zhì)的原子和分子結(jié)構(gòu)鋪平了道路。)”可知，他們都對物理做出了貢獻。故選B。BWhenIwasaboytherewerenosmartphones,computersweresomethingyousawonSTARTREK,andourtelevisiononlygotonechannelclearly.Still,Iwasneverbored.Thefields,hills,andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundswhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.Icanrememberoncehikingtoanearbylakeandslowlywalkingaroundit.AtthebacksideofitIwasamazedtofindanold,onelane,dirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Iimmediatelysetouttotravelit.Itwasfullofmuddytiretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.IamsuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyeartoturnaroundandheadbackhomebutIwasstubbornandevenabitstupid,soIwalkedon.Thedirtroadgavewaytoagraveloneandthenapavedone,yettherewasstillneitheracarnorahouseinsight.Mylegsweregettingtired.InoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrewscared.Ididn’twanttoenduptrappedonthisroadinthedarkofnight,butIwassureitwouldbedarkbeforeIcouldmakemywaybacktothelakeagain.Icontinuedtowalkonwiththesomethinggrowinginsideofme.Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIturnedonelastcurveandsawsomethinginthedistance.ItwasahousethatIrecognized.Myheartleaptup!Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.Iknewthewayhome!ItwasstilloveramileawaybutmylegsfeltlikefeathersandIhurriedbacktomyhouse.Iwalkedinwithabigsmileonmyfacejustintimefordinner.ThenIendedmyadventurewithagoodnight’ssleep.Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.TheycanleadustoourhomeshereonEarth.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.Mayyoualwayswalkyourpathwithlove.Mayyoualwayshelpyourfellowtravelersalongtheway.AndmayyourroadsalwaysleadyouHomeagain.4.Whydidtheauthorhardlyfeelboredwhenhewasyoung?A.HecouldwatchTVallday. B.Hecouldhavefuninnature.C.Hehadmanyfriendstoplaywith. D.Heusedtoexploretheolddirtroad.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasexploringthedirtroad?A.Hewascontradictoryinmind.B.Hewasunconsciousofdanger.C.Hewasworriedtobetrappedinthewoods.D.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhisparents.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A.Doubt. B.Hope. C.Fear. D.Courage.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EveryEffortIsWorthwhile B.BeBravetoExploreC.BeDeterminedinYourLife D.AllRoadsLeadHome【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者小時候在回家的路上選擇了一條冒險的小路，最終在天黑以前到家的故事。由此作者感慨：這輩子所有的路不管怎樣波折最終都會引導著我們回家?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Still,Iwasneverbored.Thefields,hills,andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundswhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.(不過，我從不覺得無聊。我家周圍的田野、山丘和林地都是完美的游樂場，我的想象力限制了它們的冒險。)”可知，作者年輕時很少感到無聊是因為他可以在大自然中享受樂趣。故選B項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.IamsuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyeartoturnaroundandheadbackhomebutIwasstubbornandevenabitstupid,soIwalkedon.(我走啊走，好像走了好幾個小時。我確信我的守護天使在我耳邊低語，讓我轉(zhuǎn)身回家，但我很固執(zhí)，甚至有點愚蠢，所以我繼續(xù)往前走。)”可推知，作者在探索這條土路的時候思想是矛盾的。故選A項。【6題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIturnedonelastcurveandsawsomethinginthedistance.(我的心怦怦直跳，雙腿疼痛。當我轉(zhuǎn)過最后一個彎，看到遠處有什么東西時，我?guī)缀跻蘖恕?”可知，作者開始害怕，從而推知，劃線的“something”指的作者內(nèi)心的害怕和恐懼。故選C項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中“Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.(最近我經(jīng)常想起那次經(jīng)歷。其實，在我們的生活中，所有的道路，無論多么曲折，都可以把我們帶回家。)”可知，文章講述了作者小時候在回家的路上選擇了一條冒險的小路，最終在天黑以前到家的故事。由此作者感慨：這輩子所有的路不管怎樣波折最終都會引導著我們回家。故文章最好的標題是“所有的道路都能引導你回家”。故選D項。CInourdailyschedulesandbusylives,therearemomentswhenwetendtothinkaboutwhereweareheadinginlife.Canwesaythatwearelivingasuccessfullife,orevenheadingtowardone?Howtoachievesuccessinlifeactuallydependsonwhatsuccessmeanstoyou.Mostpeoplethinkofsuccessasgettingahighly-paidjob.Butwhattheyareforgettingisthatajobisjustameanstomakeyourlifeeasier.Whatisthepointofearningalotofmoneyifyoudon’tgetthetimeforpeoplewhoaremostimportanttoyouinlife?Afterall,youareearningforthemandyourselfonly,right?Inaddition,itisverydifficulttokeepabalanceforthosewhoarealwayslookingformoreandareneverhappywiththemselvescurrently.Itbecomes,therefore,necessarytobethankfulforallthatyouhaveachievedinlifeandbeproudofyourself.Anotherkeyistonotonlybeconfidentbutalsorespectwhatotherssay.Apersonwhorespectshiseldersandvaluestheiradvicealwaysbecomesmoresuccessfulinlifecomparedtothosewithoverconfidence.Mostofustendtofocusonthingsthatwedon’thave.Forexample,youmightbesadthatyouaren’tthemanagerofyourcompany.However,youdon’tunderstandthefactthattheremaybethousandsofpeoplewhoaredyingtobeintheplacewhereyouarerightnow.Attimescountingthecoinsinyourhandisbetterthanregrettingthatyoudidn’tgetagoldmine.Obviously,lifeistomoveforward.Butthenintheend,itistheexperienceyougetfromthejourneyoflifethatmatters,notthedestinationyouareheadingtoward.Successinlifemaybedifferentfordifferentpeople,butlivinghappilyeachandeverymomentisthemainkeytobecomingsuccessfulinlife.Sowhatareyoudoingnowtoliveasuccessfullife?8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofworkandlife?A.Workisasnecessaryaslife.B.Earntoliveanddon’tlivetoearn.C.Ahighly-paidjobmeansasuccessfullife.D.It’shardtokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.9.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theimportanceofkeepingmovingforward.B.Theimportanceofmakinguseofwhatyouown.C.Theimportanceofhavingconfidenceinyourself.D.Theimportanceofbeinggratefulforwhatyouhave.10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestattheendofthetext?A.Beingproudofyourself.B.Livinginthepresenthappily.C.Beingdifferentfromothersinlife.D.Determiningthedestinationofyourlife.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Togiveussometipsonbeingsuccessfulinlife.B.Towarnusnottojustthinkaboutmakingmoney.C.Toencourageustobeconfidentaboutthefuturelife.D.Toshowusdifferentviewsofdifferentpeopleonsuccess.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章探討了成功生活的定義，指出成功不僅在于高薪工作或物質(zhì)財富，更在于平衡生活、感恩成就、尊重他人及享受每一刻的快樂?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Mostpeoplethinkofsuccessasgettingahighly-paidjob.Butwhattheyareforgettingisthatajobisjustameanstomakeyourlifeeasier.Whatisthepointofearningalotofmoneyifyoudon’tgetthetimeforpeoplewhoaremostimportanttoyouinlife?Afterall,youareearningforthemandyourselfonly,right?(大多數(shù)人認為成功就是找到一份高薪工作。但他們忘記的是，工作只是讓你的生活更輕松的一種手段。如果你沒有時間陪伴生活中對你最重要的人，那么賺很多錢又有什么意義呢？畢竟，你只為他們和你自己賺錢，對吧？)”可知，作者對于工作和生活的看法是：掙錢是為了生活，而生活并不是為了掙錢。故選B項。【9題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Mostofustendtofocusonthingsthatwedon’thave.Forexample,youmightbesadthatyouaren’tthemanagerofyourcompany.However,youdon’tunderstandthefactthattheremaybethousandsofpeoplewhoaredyingtobeintheplacewhereyouarerightnow.Attimescountingthecoinsinyourhandisbetterthanregrettingthatyoudidn’tgetagoldmine.(我們大多數(shù)人傾向于關(guān)注我們沒有的東西。例如，你可能會因為自己不是公司的經(jīng)理而感到難過。然而，你不明白這樣一個事實，即可能有成千上萬的人渴望來到你現(xiàn)在所在的地方。有時候，數(shù)著手中的硬幣總比后悔沒有得到金礦要好)”可知，作者認為，我們不應該總是專注于自己沒有的東西，而應該對自己所擁有的一切心懷感激。故選D項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Successinlifemaybedifferentfordifferentpeople,butlivinghappilyeachandeverymomentisthemainkeytobecomingsuccessfulinlife.(生活中的成功對不同的人來說可能不同，但快樂地生活每一刻是人生成功的關(guān)鍵)”可知，作者建議把握現(xiàn)在，快樂地活在當下才是人生成功的關(guān)鍵。故選B項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Howtoachievesuccessinlifeactuallydependsonwhatsuccessmeanstoyou.(如何在生活中取得成功實際上取決于成功對你意味著什。)”和第三段的“Itbecomes,therefore,necessarytobethankfulforallthatyouhaveachievedinlifeandbeproudofyourself.Anotherkeyistonotonlybeconfidentbutalsorespectwhatotherssay.(因此，有必要感謝你在生活中所取得的一切，并為自己感到驕傲。另一個關(guān)鍵是不僅要自信，還要尊重別人說的話)”和第四段的“Attimescountingthecoinsinyourhandisbetterthanregrettingthatyoudidn’tgetagoldmine.(有時候，數(shù)著手中的硬幣總比后悔沒有得到金礦要好)”和文章最后一段“Successinlifemaybedifferentfordifferentpeople,butlivinghappilyeachandeverymomentisthemainkeytobecomingsuccessfulinlife.(生活中的成功對不同的人來說可能不同，但快樂地生活每一刻是人生成功的關(guān)鍵)”可知，文章主要討論了如何定義成功以及如何在生活中取得成功。作者就如何才能擁有成功的人生給出了一些建議，即：掙錢是為了生活，而生活并不是為了掙錢；對于自己所擁有的一切心存感激，自信并且尊重他人的意見；把握現(xiàn)在，快樂地活在當下，不要過度執(zhí)著于賺錢。故選A項。DWithfundamentaldevelopmentsinthefieldoftechnology,someexpertsforeseeseriousriskstojobsandemployabilityinthecomingyearsduetotheriseofartificialintelligence(AI).Approximately27%ofjobsareathighriskofautomationduringtheartificialintelligenceera.Lowandmiddle-skilledjobsaremostatrisk,includingconstruction,farming,fishing,forestryand,toalesserextent,productionandtransportation.High-skilledoccupations,despitebeingmoreexposedtorecentprogressinAI,facetheleastriskofautomation.WhiletheadoptionofAIisstillrelativelylow,rapidprogress,fallingtechnologycostsandtheincreasingavailabilityofworkerswithAIskillssuggestthattheworldmaybeontheedgeofanAIrevolution(革命).SofarthereislittleevidenceofanegativeemploymentimpactonfirmsthatadoptAI.WorkersandemployerssaythatAIcanreduceboringanddangeroustasks,leadingtogreateremployeeengagementandphysicalsafety.Nevertheless,arecentsurveyshowedthatthreeinfiveworkersareworriedaboutlosingtheirjobtoAIwithinthenextdecade.Additionally,asimilarnumberofworkersworrythatwageswoulddecreaseduetoAI.MorethanhalfofworkersareconcernedaboutprivacyandthreeinfoursaythatAIhasincreasedworkpace.Inmyopinion,forthebetterprotectionofthelabourmarketandworkersinthecomingyears,governmentsshouldencourageemployerstoprovidemoretraining,integrateAIskillsintoeducationandsupportdiversityintheAIworkforce.ThereisanurgentneedforpolicyactiontoaddressAIrisksintheworkplaceandtoensureaccountabilityforandopennesstoemployment-relateddecisionssupportedbyAI.TherecentspeedupofgenerativeAI-relateddevelopmentsandtoolsmarksatechnologicalwatershed(轉(zhuǎn)折點)withmaterialimplicationsinmanyworkplaces.Longer-termpolicyframeworksfortheuseofAIintheworkplaceshouldbeconsideredandcloserinternationalcooperationshouldbeseentomaximizethebenefitswhileappropriatelymanagingtherisks.12.Whomaybemostaffectedbyautomation?A.Atourguide. B.Abuildingworker. C.Acoffeeproducer. D.Afarmingprofessional.13.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheadoptionofAIintheworkplace?A.Deeplyconcerned. B.Stronglyopposed.C.Carefullyoptimistic. D.Relativelyconservative.14.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph4imply?A.Harmedpersonalprivacy. B.Decreasedjobsatisfaction.C.AI-relatedpositions’popularity. D.Workers’broadconcernoverAI.15.Whatistheauthor’sadviceinthelastparagraph?A.AdoptingpoliciestoregulateAI’simpact. B.LimitingAI’sapplicationintheworkplace.C.PromotingcooperationbetweenAIfirms. D.InvestingmoreinAIeducationincolleges.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章討論了人工智能（AI）對就業(yè)的影響及應對措施?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Lowandmiddle-skilledjobsaremostatrisk,includingconstruction,farming,fishing,forestryand,toalesserextent,productionandtransportation.High-skilledoccupations,despitebeingmoreexposedtorecentprogressinAI,facetheleastriskofautomation.(低技能和中等技能的工作面臨的風險最大，包括建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)，以及較小程度上的生產(chǎn)和運輸。盡管高技能職業(yè)更容易接觸到人工智能的最新進展，但它們面臨的自動化風險最小。)”可知，低到中等技能的工作面臨的風險最大，包括建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)和林業(yè)。由此可判斷建筑工人受自動化的影響最大。故選B項。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“SofarthereislittleevidenceofanegativeemploymentimpactonfirmsthatadoptAI.WorkersandemployerssaythatAIcanreduceboringanddangeroustasks,leadingtogreateremployeeengagementandphysicalsafety.(到目前為止，幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明采用人工智能的公司會對就業(yè)產(chǎn)生負面影響。員工和雇主表示，人工智能可以減少無聊和危險的任務，從而提高員工的敬業(yè)度和人身安全。)”及最后一段中“Inmyopinion,forthebetterprotectionofthelabourmarketandworkersinthecomingyears,governmentsshouldencourageemployerstoprovidemoretraining,integrateAIskillsintoeducationandsupportdiversityintheAIworkforce.ThereisanurgentneedforpolicyactiontoaddressAIrisksintheworkplaceandtoensureaccountabilityforandopennesstoemployment-relateddecisionssupportedbyAI.(在我看來，為了在未來幾年更好地保護勞動力市場和工人，政府應該鼓勵雇主提供更多的培訓，將人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能勞動力的多樣性。迫切需要采取政策行動，解決工作場所的人工智能風險，并確保對人工智能支持的就業(yè)相關(guān)決策的問責制和開放性。)”可知，作者對人工智能持謹慎樂觀的態(tài)度，既看到了其優(yōu)勢，也意識到需要采取措施來應對其帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Nevertheless,arecentsurveyshowedthatthreeinfiveworkersareworriedaboutlosingtheirjobtoAIwithinthenextdecade.Additionally,asimilarnumberofworkersworrythatwageswoulddecreaseduetoAI.MorethanhalfofworkersareconcernedaboutprivacyandthreeinfoursaythatAIhasincreasedworkpace.(然而，最近的一項調(diào)查顯示，五分之三的工人擔心在未來十年內(nèi)會被人工智能搶走工作。與此同時，也有相當比例的人擔心人工智能會導致工資下降。超過一半的員工擔心隱私問題，四分之三的人表示人工智能加快了工作節(jié)奏。)”可知，本段中的數(shù)據(jù)主要展示了工人們對人工智能影響的廣泛擔憂，包括失業(yè)、工資下降、隱私問題和工作節(jié)奏加快等。故選D項?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inmyopinion,forthebetterprotectionofthelabourmarketandworkersinthecomingyears,governmentsshouldencourageemployerstoprovidemoretraining,integrateAIskillsintoeducationandsupportdiversityintheAIworkforce.ThereisanurgentneedforpolicyactiontoaddressAIrisksintheworkplaceandtoensureaccountabilityforandopennesstoemployment-relateddecisionssupportedbyAI.TherecentspeedupofgenerativeAI-relateddevelopmentsandtoolsmarksatechnologicalwatershed(轉(zhuǎn)折點)withmaterialimplicationsinmanyworkplaces.Longer-termpolicyframeworksfortheuseofAIintheworkplaceshouldbeconsideredandcloserinternationalcooperationshouldbeseentomaximizethebenefitswhileappropriatelymanagingtherisks.(在我看來，為了在未來幾年更好地保護勞動力市場和工人，政府應該鼓勵雇主提供更多的培訓，將人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能勞動力的多樣性。迫切需要采取政策行動，解決工作場所的人工智能風險，并確保對人工智能支持的就業(yè)相關(guān)決策的問責制和開放性。最近，與生成式人工智能相關(guān)的開發(fā)和工具的加速標志著一個技術(shù)分水嶺，在許多工作場所具有重大影響。應考慮在工作場所使用人工智能的長期政策框架，并應開展更密切的國際合作，以在適當管理風險的同時實現(xiàn)利益最大化。)”可知，作者建議制定政策來調(diào)控人工智能對就業(yè)的影響，包括把人工智能技能納入教育體系、采取政策行動應對工作場所中的人工智能風險、考慮人工智能在工作場所使用的長期政策框架等。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whentravelinginforeignnations,youhavetoknowtheirwayoflife._____16_____Otherwise,youmaygetyourselfonthewrongside.Thefollowingarethethingsyouneedtoknowwhenorganizingsightseeinginaforeignnation.Knowasmuchaspossibleaboutyourdestinationbeforetravelling.Whatonecountryvaluesmightnotbeacceptedinadifferentcountry.Gettoknowthereligion,language,cultureandthingsthatappearobvious.___17___Travelinthelowseason.Therearetimeswhenpeopledosightseeinginlargenumbers.Duringsuchtimes,youneedtopaylotsofmoneyforyourflight.___18___Youmayalsofindhotelswithfoodandaccommodationarehalftheregularprices.___19___Youwillgettreatedinthewayyouinteractwiththepeoplethatyoumeet.Shareinformationwiththepeopleyoumeet,andyoumaygetaniceexperienceinreturn.Theymayteachyoutheirlanguage,customs,lifestylesandsoon.Besides,youmaylearnhowtheycallcertainfoods.Enjoywithoutreservation.Don’tthinkofthenexttime.___20___Thingschangeprettyfast,andyoumayhaveonlyonechance.Takepartintheactivitiesthelocalsengageinandmakeyourtripamemorableone.A.Benicetopeople.B.Enjoythepresentmoment.C.Writedownyourspendingwhentravelling.D.Itrequiresyoutoseethingsfromadifferentangle.E.Iftherearenotmanytravelers,youcansaveontickets.F.Travelingthere,youcancommunicatebetterwithlocalpeople.G.Itreferstoappreciatingbeautifulnaturalsceneryinthecountry.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.A20.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在國外旅游時需要知道的一些事情，包括了解目的地的宗教、語言、文化等，選擇旅游淡季，善待他人，以及盡情享受當下等?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前句“Whentravelinginforeignnations,youhavetoknowtheirwayoflife.(在國外旅行時，你必須了解他們的生活方式。)”和后句“Otherwise,youmaygetyourselfonthewrongside.(否則，你可能會站在錯誤的一邊。)”可知，不了解他們的生活方式會帶來不好的結(jié)果，所以需要從不同的角度看問題。D選項“Itrequiresyoutoseethingsfromadifferentangle.(這需要你從不同的角度看問題。)”符合語境。故選D。【17題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Knowasmuchaspossibleaboutyourdestinationbeforetravelling.(旅行前盡可能多地了解你的目的地。)”和“Gettoknowthereligion,language,cultureandthingsthatappearobvious.(去了解那里的宗教、語言、文化和一些顯而易見的東西。)”可知，這里進一步介紹了解目的地的好處。F選項“Travelingthere,youcancommunicatebetterwithlocalpeople.(去那里旅行，你可以更好地與當?shù)厝私涣鳌?”符合語境。故選F。【18題詳析】根據(jù)前句“Duringsuchtimes,youneedtopaylotsofmoneyforyourflight.(在這樣的時期，你需要為你的航班支付很多錢。)”可知，這里與上文形成對比，說明在旅游淡季旅行的好處。E選項“Iftherearenotmanytravelers,youcansaveontickets.(如果游客不多，你可以節(jié)省機票錢。)”符合語境。故選E。【19題詳析】空白處位于段首，為該段的主旨句，根據(jù)后句“Youwillgettreatedinthewayyouinteractwiththepeoplethatyoumeet.(你將以你與之互動的人的方式受到對待。)”可知，空白處應與“對待他人”有關(guān)。A選項“Benicetopeople.(善待他人。)”符合語境。故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前句“Don’tthinkofthenexttime.(不要考慮下一次。)可知，空白處應說明不考慮下一次的原因是應該享受當下。B選項“Enjoythepresentmoment.(享受當下。)”符合語境。故選B。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguagemaybethesmile.Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwallsamong____21____.Ihadorganizedandreorganizedan____22____withthedentistformonths.Ialso____23____ittwiceandcalledthedaybeforeto____24____allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray.ThenIarrived,itwasn’t____25____atall.Theladywithaconfusedlookthereevenwasn’t____26____whatIwastalkingabout.I____27____feltmybloodboil.Iwasgettingso____28____.Ididn’tshoutatherbutthe____29____Iwastalkingtoherwasnotnice.Ispoketoherasifshewereachildandincapable.Itwasnotagoodmoment.Thewholetimeshesmiledandwas_____30_____tome.Onlywheneverythingwasfinally_____31_____wasInice.Isatdowninthewaitingareaand_____32_____itall.HowcouldImakeitbetter?HowcouldImakeupformy_____33_____behaviouramomentago?Icouldn’t.IcouldgiftherachocolatebarIhadonme,butthisneededmorethanthat,itneededanhonest_____34_____andthatwasexactlywhatIgave.IapologizedforthewayIhadspokentoherandtoldheritwaswrongofmetodothat,sheaccepted.Againwitha_____35_____.It’struethatthesmilemademyangerdisappearandopenedadoortounderstanding.21.A.friends B.relatives C.patients D.strangers22.A.interview B.operation C.appointment D.experiment23.A.arranged B.confirmed C.discussed D.admitted24.A.ensure B.approve C.conclude D.apply25.A.crowded B.open C.ready D.busy26.A.ignorantof B.awareof C.eagerfor D.fitfor27.A.immediately B.roughly C.privately D.mildly28.A.humorous B.sad C.mad D.curious29.A.habit B.tune C.accent D.way30.A.rude B.appealing C.friendly D.devoted31.A.figured B.added C.made D.settled32.A.reflectedon B.workedat C.calledat D.wentthrough33.A.unnecessary B.impossible C.impolite D.unfair34.A.apology B.promise C.comment D.suggestion35.A.hope B.smile C.doubt D.belief【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.C26.A27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.A33.C34.A35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者因為牙醫(yī)診所沒有準備好作者的預約而對那里的一位女士發(fā)脾氣，但那位女士全程微笑以待，后來作者意識到自己行為欠妥，向女士道了歉。微笑讓作者平息了怒氣，學會了理解。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：微笑可以打開陌生人之間的門，推倒陌生人之間的墻。A.friends朋友；B.relatives親戚；C.patients病人；D.strangers陌生人。根據(jù)下文講述的作者和牙醫(yī)診所里的女士之間發(fā)生的事情可知，這里指的是陌生人之間。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我安排并確認與牙醫(yī)的預約好幾個月了。A.interview面試，采訪；B.operation手術(shù)；C.appointment預約，約會；D.experiment實驗。根據(jù)空后的“withthedentist”可知，這里指和牙醫(yī)的預約。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我還確認了兩次，并在前一天打了電話，以確保所有進行X光檢查的文書工作都已準備好。A.arranged安排；B.confirmed確認，證實；C.discussed討論；D.admitted承認。根據(jù)空后的“ittwiceandcalledthedaybeforeto________allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray”可知，對于和牙醫(yī)的預約，作者確認了兩次。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.ensure確保；B.approve同意，批準；C.conclude作出結(jié)論；D.apply應用。根據(jù)空前的“calledthedaybeforeto”和空后的“allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray”可知，作者在去診所前一天還打電話，以確保一切就緒。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我到了，它根本沒有準備好。A.crowded擁擠的；B.open打開的；C.ready準備好的；D.busy忙的。根據(jù)上文中的“allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray”可知，這里是原詞復現(xiàn)，指事情都沒有準備好。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：那位滿臉疑惑的女士甚至不是不知道我在說什么。A.ignorantof不知道；B.awareof意識到；C.eagerfor渴望；D.fitfor適合。根據(jù)上文“Theladywithaconfusedlookthere”可知，那位女士一臉困惑，說明不知道作者在說什么。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我立刻感到怒火中燒。A.immediately立即；B.roughly大約；C.privately私下地；D.mildly輕微地，溫和地。根據(jù)空后“feltmybloodboil”可知，作者明明提前預約并且確認了，結(jié)果到那里后發(fā)現(xiàn)什么都沒準備好，作者應該是感到怒火中燒。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我快氣死了。A.humorous幽默的；B.sad悲傷的；C.mad生氣的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)上文“feltmybloodboil”和下文“Ididn’tshoutatherbutthe________Iwastalkingtoherwasnotnice.”可知，作者到診所后發(fā)現(xiàn)什么都沒有準備好，非常生氣。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有對她大喊大叫，但我還不如這樣做，因為我和她說話的方式不好。A.habit習慣；B.tune曲調(diào)；C.accent口音；D.way方法，方式。根據(jù)下文的“Iapologizedfortheway”可知，我和她說話的方式不好。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她一直微笑著，對我很友好。A.rude粗魯?shù)?；B.appealing吸引人的；C.friendly友好的；D.devoted全心全意的。根據(jù)句中的“shesmiled”可知，這位女士面對作者的不友好語氣，全程微笑以待，友好面對作者。故選C。【31題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：只有當一切最終妥善解決時，我才友好起來。A.figured認為，計算；B.added添加，補充；C.made制作；D.settled妥善處理。根據(jù)空前的“everythingwasfinally”和下文中的“wasInice”說明作者的事情最終得到妥善解決了。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：坐在等候區(qū)，思考著這一切。A.reflectedon認真思考；B.workedat致力于；C.calledat停靠；D.wentthrough經(jīng)歷，通過。根據(jù)下文的“HowcouldImakeitbetter?HowcouldImakeupformy________behaviouramomentago?”可知，作者思考剛才發(fā)生的事情。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我怎樣才能彌補我剛才的不禮貌行為？A.unnecessary不必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.impolite不禮貌的；D.unfair不公平的。根據(jù)空后的“behaviouramomentago”并結(jié)合上文作者語氣不善地對女士說話可知，這里指作者剛才的不禮貌行為。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我可以送她一塊我隨身帶的巧克力棒，但這需要的不僅僅是這個，它需要一個誠實的道歉，而這正是我給她的。A.apology道歉；B.promise承諾；C.comment評論；D.suggestion建議。根據(jù)下文中的“Iapologized”可知，這里指作者認為自己需要道歉。故選A。【35題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：再次帶著微笑。A.hope希望；B.smile微笑；C.doubt懷疑；D.belief信仰。根據(jù)句中的Again和上文中的“Thewholetimeshesmiled”可知，這位女士再次報以微笑。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Shark’sFinandSichuanPepper(《魚翅與花椒》)isabookonChinesecuisinebyBritishwriterFuchsiaDunlop,___36___hasspentabout15yearsexploringChinaanditsdiversefoodculture.Thebook___37___(consist)of16chapters,eachfeaturingapracticalrecipe.DunlopexplorersChinesefoodfromtheremoteGansucountryside___38___thehistoriccityofYangzhou.Ratherthan___39___(mere)presentingthefood,sheimmersesherselfintastingitand,moreimportantly,investigatingit.Fromamazementto___40___(accept),Dunlopembarksonthisfoodjourneybylearningtocookandtrying