2020年11月全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案

2020年11月全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語(yǔ)二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案[問(wèn)答題]1.Passage1Theworldisatasocial,environmentalandeconomic（江南博哥）tippingpoint.Subduedgrowth,risinginequalitiesandacceleratingclimatechangeprovidethecontextforabacklashagainstcapitalism,globalization,technology,andelites.Thereisgridlockintheinternationalgovernancesystemandescalatingtradeandgeopoliticaltensionsarefuelinguncertainty.Thisholdsbackinvestmentandincreasestheriskofsupplyshocks:disruptionstoglobalsupplychains,suddenpricespikesorinterruptionsintheavailabilityofkeyresources.Persistentweaknessesinthedriversofproductivitygrowthareamongtheprincipalculprits.Inadvanced,emerginganddevelopingeconomies,productivitygrowthstartedslowingin2000anddeceleratedfurtherafterthecrisis.Between2011and2016,“totalfactorproductivitygrowth”—orthecombinedgrowthofinputs,likeresourcesandlabour,andoutputs—grewby0.3percentinadvancedeconomiesand1.3percentinemerginganddevelopingeconomies.Thefinancialcrisisaddedtothisdeceleration.Investmentsareunderminedbyuncertainty,lowdemandandtightercreditconditions.Manyofthestructuralreformsdesignedtoreviveproductivitythatwerepromisedbypolicy-makersdidnotmaterialize.GovernmentsmustbetteranticipatetheunintendedconsequencesoftechnologicalintegrationandimplementcomplementarysocialpoliciesthatsupportpopulationsthroughtheFourIndustrialRevolution.Economieswithstronginnovationcapabilitymustimprovetheirtalentbaseandthefunctioningoftheirlabormarkets.Adaptioniscritical.Weneedawell-functioninglabourmarketthatprotectsworkers,notjobs.Advancedeconomiesneedtodeveloptheirskillsbaseandtacklerigiditiesintheirlabourmarkets.Asinnovationcapacitygrows,emergingeconomiesneedtostrengthentheirskillsandlabourmarkettominimizetherisksofnegativesocialspillovers.Sustainableeconomicgrowthremainsthesurestrouteoutofpovertyandacoredriverofhumandevelopment.Forthepastdecade,growthhasbeenweakandremainsbelowpotentialinmostdevelopingcountries,seriouslyhamperingprogressonseveraloftheUN’s2030sustainabledevelopmentGoals(SDGs).TheworldisnotontracktomeetanyoftheSDGS.Leastdevelopedcountrieshavemissedthetargetof7percentgrowtheveryyearsince2015.Extremepovertyreductionisdecelerating.3.4billionpeople—or46percentoftheworld’spopulation—livedonlessthanUS$5,50adayandstruggledtomeetbasicneeds.Afteryearsofsteadydecline,hungerhasincreasedandnowaffects826millionupfrom784millionin2015.Atotalof20percentofAfricanspopulationisundernourished.The“zerohunger”targetwillalmostcertainlybemissed.正確答案：詳見(jiàn)解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Theworldisatasocial,environmentalandeconomictippingpoint.Subduedgrowth,risinginequalitiesandacceleratingclimatechangeprovidethecontextforabacklashagainstcapitalism,globalization,technology,andelites.Thereisgridlockintheinternationalgovernancesystemandescalatingtradeandgeopoliticaltensionsarefuelinguncertainty.Thisholdsbackinvestmentandincreasestheriskofsupplyshocks:disruptionstoglobalsupplychains,suddenpricespikesorinterruptionsintheavailabilityofkeyresources.世界正處于社會(huì)、環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)的臨界點(diǎn)。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力、不平等現(xiàn)象日益加劇，氣候變化加速，為反對(duì)資本主義、全球化、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和精英主義提供了背景。國(guó)際治理體系出現(xiàn)僵局，而貿(mào)易摩擦不斷升級(jí)，地緣政治局勢(shì)愈加緊張，這些都在加劇世界的不穩(wěn)定性。這種情況阻礙了投資，加大了供給沖擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：全球供應(yīng)鏈中斷、價(jià)格突然飆升或關(guān)鍵資源供應(yīng)中斷。Persistentweaknessesinthedriversofproductivitygrowthareamongtheprincipalculprits.Inadvanced,emerginganddevelopingeconomies,productivitygrowthstartedslowingin2000anddeceleratedfurtherafterthecrisis.Between2011and2016,“totalfactorproductivitygrowth”—orthecombinedgrowthofinputs,likeresourcesandlabour,andoutputs—grewby0.3percentinadvancedeconomiesand1.3percentinemerginganddevelopingeconomies.生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)力的持續(xù)疲軟是主要原因之一。在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體、新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)從2000年開(kāi)始放緩，并在危機(jī)后進(jìn)一步放緩。2011年至2016年間，“全要素生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)”——即資源、勞動(dòng)力等投入和產(chǎn)出的綜合增長(zhǎng)——在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體中增長(zhǎng)了0.3%，在新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體中增長(zhǎng)了1.3%。Thefinancialcrisisaddedtothisdeceleration.Investmentsareunderminedbyuncertainty,lowdemandandtightercreditconditions.Manyofthestructuralreformsdesignedtoreviveproductivitythatwerepromisedbypolicy-makersdidnotmaterialize.金融危機(jī)加劇了這種減速。投資受到不確定性、需求低迷以及信貸收緊的影響。政策制定者承諾的許多旨在重振生產(chǎn)率的結(jié)構(gòu)性改革并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。GovernmentsmustbetteranticipatetheunintendedconsequencesoftechnologicalintegrationandimplementcomplementarysocialpoliciesthatsupportpopulationsthroughtheFourIndustrialRevolution.Economieswithstronginnovationcapabilitymustimprovetheirtalentbaseandthefunctioningoftheirlabormarkets.各國(guó)政府必須更好地預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)融合帶來(lái)的意外后果，并實(shí)施輔助性的社會(huì)政策，支持人們度過(guò)第四次工業(yè)革命。創(chuàng)新能力強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體必須改善其人才基礎(chǔ)以及勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的運(yùn)作。Adaptioniscritical.Weneedawell-functioninglabourmarketthatprotectsworkers,notjobs.Advancedeconomiesneedtodeveloptheirskillsbaseandtacklerigiditiesintheirlabourmarkets.Asinnovationcapacitygrows,emergingeconomiesneedtostrengthentheirskillsandlabourmarkettominimizetherisksofnegativesocialspillovers.適應(yīng)能力至關(guān)重要。我們需要一個(gè)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)來(lái)保護(hù)工人，而不是工作崗位。發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體需要發(fā)展其技能基礎(chǔ)，解決勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的僵化問(wèn)題。隨著創(chuàng)新能力的增長(zhǎng)，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體需要加強(qiáng)其技能和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，以將負(fù)面社會(huì)溢出的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降至最低。Sustainableeconomicgrowthremainsthesurestrouteoutofpovertyandacoredriverofhumandevelopment.Forthepastdecade,growthhasbeenweakandremainsbelowpotentialinmostdevelopingcountries,seriouslyhamperingprogressonseveraloftheUN’s2030sustainabledevelopmentGoals(SDGs).可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)仍然是擺脫貧困的最可靠途徑，也是人類發(fā)展的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)力。在過(guò)去十年中，大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家增長(zhǎng)乏力，仍低于潛力，這嚴(yán)重阻礙了聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)中的若干子目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展。TheworldisnotontracktomeetanyoftheSDGS.Leastdevelopedcountrieshavemissedthetargetof7percentgrowtheveryyearsince2015.Extremepovertyreductionisdecelerating.3.4billionpeople—or46percentoftheworld’spopulation—livedonlessthanUS$5,50adayandstruggledtomeetbasicneeds.Afteryearsofsteadydecline,hungerhasincreasedandnowaffects826millionupfrom784millionin2015.Atotalof20percentofAfricanspopulationisundernourished.The“zerohunger”targetwillalmostcertainlybemissed.世界還沒(méi)有走上迎接任何一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的軌道。自2015年以來(lái)，最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家未能實(shí)現(xiàn)每年7%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)。極端貧困的減少速度正在放緩。34億人——占世界人口的46%——每天的生活費(fèi)不到5.50美元，難以滿足基本需求。數(shù)年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速穩(wěn)步下降，饑餓人數(shù)有所增加，目前已從2015年的7.84億增加到8.26億。非洲總共有20%的人口營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。幾乎可以肯定的是，“零饑餓”目標(biāo)將無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)。解析（1）Subduedgrowth,risinginequalitiesandacceleratingclimatechangeprovidethecontextforabacklashagainstcapitalism,globalization,technology,andelites.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力、不平等現(xiàn)象日益加劇，氣候變化加速，為反對(duì)資本主義、全球化、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和精英主義提供了背景。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。譯文可將原文偏正短語(yǔ)“subduedgrowth,risinginequalitiesandacceleratingclimate”中帶動(dòng)詞意味的形容詞動(dòng)詞化。（2）Thisholdsbackinvestmentandincreasestheriskofsupplyshocks:disruptionstoglobalsupplychains,suddenpricespikesorinterruptionsintheavailabilityofkeyresources.這種情況阻礙了投資，加大了供給沖擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：全球供應(yīng)鏈中斷、價(jià)格突然飆升或關(guān)鍵資源供應(yīng)中斷。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。譯文可將原文名詞短語(yǔ)“disruptionstoglobalsupplychains,suddenpricespikesorinterruptionsintheavailabilityofkeyresources”中帶有動(dòng)詞意味的抽象名詞動(dòng)詞化。（3）Inadvanced,emerginganddevelopingeconomies,productivitygrowthstartedslowingin2000anddeceleratedfurtherafterthecrisis.在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體、新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)從2000年開(kāi)始放緩，并在危機(jī)后進(jìn)一步放緩。[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。advancedeconomies“發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體”，emergingeconomies“新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體”和developingeconomies“發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體”都是常用時(shí)事詞匯。（4）Forthepastdecade,growthhasbeenweakandremainsbelowpotentialinmostdevelopingcountries,seriouslyhamperingprogressonseveraloftheUN’s2030sustainabledevelopmentGoals(SDGs).在過(guò)去十年中，大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家增長(zhǎng)乏力，仍低于潛力，這嚴(yán)重阻礙了聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)中的若干子目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展。[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。developingcountries“發(fā)展中國(guó)家”和theUN’s2030sustainabledevelopmentGoals(SDGs)“聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”都是常用時(shí)事詞匯。（5）Afteryearsofsteadydecline,hungerhasincreasedandnowaffects826millionupfrom784millionin2015.數(shù)年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速穩(wěn)步下降，饑餓人數(shù)有所增加，目前已從2015年的7.84億增加到8.26億。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)和選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。原文中afteryearsofsteadydecline為介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，在翻譯時(shí)可譯成單獨(dú)的小句子。譯文可將原文偏正短語(yǔ)“steadydecline”中帶有動(dòng)詞意味的名詞動(dòng)詞化。[問(wèn)答題]2.Passage2Inthemid-1800sacaterpillar,thesizeofahumanfinger,beganspreadingacrossthenortheasternU.S.Thisappearanceofthetomatohornwormwasfollowedbyterrifyingreportsoffatalpoisoningsandaggressivebehaviortowardspeople.InJuly1869newspapersacrosstheregionpostedwarningsabouttheinsect,reportingthatagirlhaddiedafterarun-inwiththecreature.Thatfallalocalnewspaperprintedanaccountfromadoctor.Thephysicianwarnedthatthecaterpillarwas“aspoisonousasarattlesnake”andsaidheknewofthreedeathslinkedtoitsvenom.Althoughthehornwormisavoraciouseaterthatcanstripatomatoplantinamatterofdays,itis,infact,harmlesstohumans.Entomologistshadknowntheinsecttobeinnocuousfordecades,andhisclaimswerewidelymockedbyexperts.Sowhydidtherumorspersisteventhoughthetruthwasreadilyavailable?Peoplearesociallearners.Wedevelopmostofourbeliefsfromthetestimonyoftrustedotherssuchasourteachers,parentsandfriends.Thissocialtransmissionofknowledgeisattheheartofcultureandscience.Butasthetomatohornwormstoryshowsus,ourabilityhasagapingvulnerability:sometimestheideaswespreadarewrong.Overthepastfiveyears,thewaysinwhichthesocialtransmissionofknowledgecanfailushavecomeintosharpfalls.Misinformationsharedonsocialmediahasfueledanepidemicoffalsebelief.Thesamebasicmechanismsthatspreadfearaboutthetomatohornwormhavenowintensified—and,insomecases,ledto—aprofoundpublicmistrustofbasicsocietalinstitution.“Misinformation”mayseemlikeamisnomerhere.Afterall,manyoftoday’smostdamagingfalsebeliefsareinitiallydrivenbyactsofdisinformation,whicharedeliberatelydeceptiveandintendedtocauseharm.Butpartofwhatmakesdisinformationsoeffectiveinanageofsocialmediaisthefactthatpeoplewhoareexposedtoitshareitwidelyamongfriendsandpeerswhotrustthem,withnointentionofmisleadinganyone.Socialmediatransformsdisinformationintomisinformation.Manysocialscientistshavetriedtounderstandhowfalsebeliefspersistbymodelingthespreadofideasasacontagion.Inacontagionmodel,ideasarelikevirusesthatgofrommindtomind.Youstartwithanetwork,whichconsistsofnodes,representingindividuals,andedges,whichrepresentsocialconnections.Youseedanideainone“mind”andseehowitspreads.正確答案：詳見(jiàn)解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Inthemid-1800sacaterpillar,thesizeofahumanfinger,beganspreadingacrossthenortheasternU.S.Thisappearanceofthetomatohornwormwasfollowedbyterrifyingreportsoffatalpoisoningsandaggressivebehaviortowardspeople.InJuly1869newspapersacrosstheregionpostedwarningsabouttheinsect,reportingthatagirlhaddiedafterarun-inwiththecreature.Thatfallalocalnewspaperprintedanaccountfromadoctor.Thephysicianwarnedthatthecaterpillarwas“aspoisonousasarattlesnake”andsaidheknewofthreedeathslinkedtoitsvenom.19世紀(jì)中期，一種人類手指大小的毛蟲開(kāi)始在美國(guó)東北部蔓延。這種番茄天蛾幼蟲出現(xiàn)之后，有駭人的報(bào)道稱該蟲有劇毒，對(duì)人類有攻擊性行為。1869年7月，該地區(qū)的報(bào)紙刊登了關(guān)于這種昆蟲的警告，報(bào)道稱一個(gè)女孩在被蟲子咬了以后死亡。那年秋天，當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)紙刊登了一位醫(yī)生對(duì)于這則病例的解釋。這位醫(yī)生警告說(shuō)，這種毛毛蟲“和響尾蛇一樣毒”，他還說(shuō)他知道有三例死亡與它的毒液有關(guān)。Althoughthehornwormisavoraciouseaterthatcanstripatomatoplantinamatterofdays,itis,infact,harmlesstohumans.Entomologistshadknowntheinsecttobeinnocuousfordecades,andhisclaimswerewidelymockedbyexperts.Sowhydidtherumorspersisteventhoughthetruthwasreadilyavailable?Peoplearesociallearners.Wedevelopmostofourbeliefsfromthetestimonyoftrustedotherssuchasourteachers,parentsandfriends.Thissocialtransmissionofknowledgeisattheheartofcultureandscience.Butasthetomatohornwormstoryshowsus,ourabilityhasagapingvulnerability:sometimestheideaswespreadarewrong.雖然這種天蛾幼蟲生性貪婪，可以在幾天內(nèi)吃掉一株番茄，但事實(shí)上，它對(duì)人類無(wú)害。昆蟲學(xué)家?guī)资昵熬椭肋@種昆蟲是無(wú)害的，醫(yī)生的說(shuō)法遭到了昆蟲專家們的廣泛嘲笑。那么，為什么即使真相唾手可得，謠言卻仍然存在呢？這是因?yàn)槿祟愂巧鐣?huì)學(xué)習(xí)者。我們大部分的觀念都來(lái)自于我們所信任的人的說(shuō)辭，比如我們的老師、父母和朋友。這種知識(shí)的社會(huì)傳播是文化和科學(xué)的核心。但是正如番茄天蛾幼蟲的故事告訴我們的一樣，我們傳播知識(shí)的能力有一個(gè)很大的弱點(diǎn)：有時(shí)候我們傳播的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。Overthepastfiveyears,thewaysinwhichthesocialtransmissionofknowledgecanfailushavecomeintosharpfalls.Misinformationsharedonsocialmediahasfueledanepidemicoffalsebelief.Thesamebasicmechanismsthatspreadfearaboutthetomatohornwormhavenowintensified—and,insomecases,ledto—aprofoundpublicmistrustofbasicsocietalinstitution.在過(guò)去的五年里，知識(shí)的社會(huì)化傳播讓我們對(duì)信息失望的情況急劇減少。社交媒體上分享的錯(cuò)誤信息助長(zhǎng)了錯(cuò)誤觀念的擴(kuò)散。同樣的基本機(jī)制，傳播了人類對(duì)于番茄天蛾幼蟲的恐懼，如今加劇了——并且在某些情況下——導(dǎo)致了公眾對(duì)基本社會(huì)制度的嚴(yán)重不信任?！癕isinformation”mayseemlikeamisnomerhere.Afterall,manyoftoday’smostdamagingfalsebeliefsareinitiallydrivenbyactsofdisinformation,whicharedeliberatelydeceptiveandintendedtocauseharm.Butpartofwhatmakesdisinformationsoeffectiveinanageofsocialmediaisthefactthatpeoplewhoareexposedtoitshareitwidelyamongfriendsandpeerswhotrustthem,withnointentionofmisleadinganyone.Socialmediatransformsdisinformationintomisinformation.“錯(cuò)誤信息”在這里似乎用詞不當(dāng)。畢竟，今天許多最具破壞性的錯(cuò)誤觀念最初都是由故意制造虛假信息而造成的，這些行為蓄意欺騙，意在造成傷害。但虛假信息之所以在社交媒體時(shí)代如此有效，部分原因在于，接觸到虛假信息的人會(huì)在信任他們的朋友和同齡人中廣泛分享信息，無(wú)意誤導(dǎo)任何人。社交媒體將虛假信息傳播成了錯(cuò)誤信息。Manysocialscientistshavetriedtounderstandhowfalsebeliefspersistbymodelingthespreadofideasasacontagion.Inacontagionmodel,ideasarelikevirusesthatgofrommindtomind.Youstartwithanetwork,whichconsistsofnodes,representingindividuals,andedges,whichrepresentsocialconnections.Youseedanideainone“mind”andseehowitspreads.很多社會(huì)科學(xué)家試圖按傳染病傳播的方式來(lái)模擬思想傳播的模型，以理解錯(cuò)誤觀念是如何持續(xù)存在的。在傳播模型中，思想就像病毒一樣從一個(gè)大腦傳播到另一個(gè)大腦。這樣的模型需要一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它由代表個(gè)體的節(jié)點(diǎn)和代表社會(huì)聯(lián)系的邊組成。你在一個(gè)“頭腦”中播下一個(gè)想法，然后看它如何傳播。解析（1）Thisappearanceofthetomatohornwormwasfollowedbyterrifyingreportsoffatalpoisoningsandaggressivebehaviortowardspeople.這種番茄天蛾幼蟲出現(xiàn)之后，有駭人的報(bào)道稱該蟲有劇毒，對(duì)人類有攻擊性行為。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。原文為被動(dòng)句，譯文可將原文的被動(dòng)句換成主動(dòng)句式以符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。（2）Thesamebasicmechanismsthatspreadfearaboutthetomatohornwormhavenowintensified—and,insomecases,ledto—aprofoundpublicmistrustofbasicsocietalinstitution.同樣的基本機(jī)制，傳播了人類對(duì)于番茄天蛾幼蟲的恐懼，如今加劇了——并且在某些情況下——導(dǎo)致了公眾對(duì)基本社會(huì)制度的嚴(yán)重不信任。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。原文中that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前文的mechanisms，在翻譯時(shí)可將該定語(yǔ)從句單獨(dú)翻譯，其余結(jié)構(gòu)基本與原文結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致。（3）“Misinformation”mayseemlikeamisnomerhere.“錯(cuò)誤信息”在這里似乎用詞不當(dāng)。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)?！癿isinformation”可翻譯成“錯(cuò)誤信息”。（4）Afterall,manyoftoday’smostdamagingfalsebeliefsareinitiallydrivenbyactsofdisinformation,whicharedeliberatelydeceptiveandintendedtocauseharm.畢竟，今天許多最具破壞性的錯(cuò)誤觀念最初都是由故意制造虛假信息而造成的，這些行為蓄意欺騙，意在造成傷害。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)?！癲isinformation”可翻譯成“虛假信息”。譯文可將原文中帶有動(dòng)詞意味的形容詞“deceptive”動(dòng)詞化。（5）Butpartofwhatmakesdisinformationsoeffectiveinanageofsocialmediaisthefactthatpeoplewhoareexposedtoitshareitwidelyamongfriendsandpeerswhotrustthem,withnointentionofmisleadinganyone.但虛假信息之所以在社交媒體時(shí)代如此有效，部分原因在于，接觸到虛假信息的人會(huì)在信任他們的朋友和同齡人中廣泛分享信息，無(wú)意誤導(dǎo)任何人。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。原文中what引導(dǎo)的是介詞of的賓語(yǔ)從句，在翻譯時(shí)可將該從句前置單獨(dú)翻譯，其余結(jié)構(gòu)與原文結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致。[問(wèn)答題]3.Passage12019年12月，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批聚集性肺炎病例。1月30日，世界衛(wèi)生組織將此疫情列為國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事情（PHEIC）。面對(duì)疫情，專家經(jīng)考察研究，達(dá)成幾點(diǎn)共識(shí)。首先，它是一種新的冠狀病毒。其次，新冠肺炎有家庭聚集性的特點(diǎn)；人群普遍易感染，但多數(shù)患者是輕癥，可以康復(fù)。第三，它的傳播力高于SARS，因有的患者無(wú)癥狀或輕癥，新冠肺炎隱匿性強(qiáng)。第四，目前尚無(wú)特效藥和疫苗。面對(duì)疫情，中國(guó)采取了嚴(yán)格、徹底、科學(xué)、精準(zhǔn)的防控措施，打響了一場(chǎng)抗疫人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。科研人員甄別病原體、研究診治方案、研發(fā)抗病毒疫苗?；鹕裆健⒗咨裆结t(yī)院拔地而起，方艙醫(yī)院一所所開(kāi)放，全國(guó)各地的醫(yī)護(hù)人員和部隊(duì)人員緊急集結(jié)奔赴“抗疫戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”，為病人提供緊急救治。隨著一批批輕癥患者治愈出院，14所方艙醫(yī)院陸續(xù)關(guān)艙。疫情沒(méi)有國(guó)界，是人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)支持世衛(wèi)組織發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)作用，與國(guó)際社會(huì)共同抗疫，為完善全球衛(wèi)生治理做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。正確答案：詳見(jiàn)解析參考解析：【參考譯文】2019年12月，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批聚集性肺炎病例。1月30日，世界衛(wèi)生組織將此疫情列為國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事情（PHEIC）。面對(duì)疫情，專家經(jīng)考察研究，達(dá)成幾點(diǎn)共識(shí)。AfteraclusterofpneumoniacaseswerefoundinDecember2019,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)listedthisepidemicasaPublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern(PHEIC)onJanuary30.Confrontedwiththeepidemic,expertshavereachedthefollowingconsensusaftercarefulinvestigation:首先，它是一種新的冠狀病毒。其次，新冠肺炎有家庭聚集性的特點(diǎn)；人群普遍易感染，但多數(shù)患者是輕癥，可以康復(fù)。第三，它的傳播力高于SARS，因有的患者無(wú)癥狀或輕癥，新冠肺炎隱匿性強(qiáng)。第四，目前尚無(wú)特效藥和疫苗。Firstofall,itisanovelcoronavirus.Secondly,itcanbeeasilytransmittedamongfamilymembers.Peoplearegenerallysusceptibletothevirus,butmostpatientsonlyshowmildsymptomsthatcanbecured.Thirdly,thiscoronavirusismoretransmissiblethanSARSandcannotbeeasilydetectedbecausesomepatientsareasymptomaticoronlyshowmildsymptoms.Fourthly,thereisnospecificmedicationandvaccineagainstthevirusatpresent.面對(duì)疫情，中國(guó)采取了嚴(yán)格、徹底、科學(xué)、精準(zhǔn)的防控措施，打響了一場(chǎng)抗疫人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)?？蒲腥藛T甄別病原體、研究診治方案、研發(fā)抗病毒疫苗。火神山、雷神山醫(yī)院拔地而起，方艙醫(yī)院一所所開(kāi)放，全國(guó)各地的醫(yī)護(hù)人員和部隊(duì)人員緊急集結(jié)奔赴“抗疫戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”，為病人提供緊急救治。隨著一批批輕癥患者治愈出院，14所方艙醫(yī)院陸續(xù)關(guān)艙。Facedwiththeepidemic,Chinahasadoptedrigorous,thorough,scientificandprecisepreventionandcontrolmeasures,launchingaman-against-virusbattle.Virusresearchersidentifypathogens,studydiagnosisandtreatmentschemes,anddevelopantiviralvaccines.Fire-GodMountainHospitalandThunder-GodMountainHospitalhavesprungupquicklyandmobilecabinhospitalshavebeenputintoserviceinsuccession.Medicalandmilitarypersonnelfromalloverthecountryhavegatheredtogetherandrushedtotheanti-epidemicbattlefieldtoprovideemergenttreatmentsforpatients.Withgroupsofmild-casepatientscuredandreleasedfromhospitals,14mobilecabinhospitalswereclosedoneafteranother.疫情沒(méi)有國(guó)界，是人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)支持世衛(wèi)組織發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)作用，與國(guó)際社會(huì)共同抗疫，為完善全球衛(wèi)生治理做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。Pandemicknowsnoboundaries,whichisacommonchallengeformankind.ChinasupportsWorldHealthOrganization’sleadershipinfightingCOVIDtogetherwiththeinternationalcommunityandmakingpositivecontributionstoimprovingglobalhealthgovernance.解析（1）2019年12月，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批聚集性肺炎病例。1月30日，世界衛(wèi)生組織將此疫情列為國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事情（PHEIC）。AfteraclusterofpneumoniacaseswerefoundinDecember2019,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)listedthisepidemicasaPublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern(PHEIC)onJanuary30.[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。世界衛(wèi)生組織“theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)”和突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事情“PublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern(PHEIC)”都是常用時(shí)事詞匯。（2）首先，它是一種新的冠狀病毒。Firstofall,itisanovelcoronavirus.[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。冠狀病毒“coronavirus”是常用時(shí)事詞匯。（3）第四，目前尚無(wú)特效藥和疫苗。Fourthly,thereisnospecificmedicationandvaccineagainstthevirusatpresent.[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。特效藥“specificmedication”和疫苗“vaccine”都是常用時(shí)事詞匯。（4）面對(duì)疫情，中國(guó)采取了嚴(yán)格、徹底、科學(xué)、精準(zhǔn)的防控措施，打響了一場(chǎng)抗疫人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。Facedwiththeepidemic,Chinahasadoptedrigorous,thorough,scientificandprecisepreventionandcontrolmeasures,launchingaman-against-virusbattle.[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。譯文將原文中的“打響了一場(chǎng)抗疫人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”翻譯成伴隨狀語(yǔ)表結(jié)果。[問(wèn)答題]4.Passage2農(nóng)業(yè)要保持糧食供應(yīng)。從供給數(shù)量看，2019年我國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)量再創(chuàng)新高，棉油糖生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定，果菜茶供應(yīng)充足，但是公眾關(guān)注生豬供給。受非洲豬瘟等因素影響，今年生豬產(chǎn)能下降較多。一場(chǎng)生豬穩(wěn)產(chǎn)供保行動(dòng)在全國(guó)各地展開(kāi)，政府部門從財(cái)政支持，用地保障、金融保險(xiǎn)等方面持續(xù)發(fā)力。目前生豬生產(chǎn)已出現(xiàn)回暖，豬肉供應(yīng)將有所增加。同時(shí)，禽肉生產(chǎn)增加較多，牛羊肉生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)好，肉類供應(yīng)有保障。此外，供給的質(zhì)量和效益也日益提高，品種結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)。大豆面積增加了92萬(wàn)公頃。各地積極發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)稻谷、小麥、大豆、油菜、高產(chǎn)高糖甘蔗等。不少地方推進(jìn)適應(yīng)性種植，適當(dāng)調(diào)減非適應(yīng)區(qū)種植，東北寒冷地區(qū)和南方重金屬污染區(qū)水稻調(diào)減20萬(wàn)公頃，小麥調(diào)減20萬(wàn)公頃。2019年，國(guó)家在175個(gè)縣開(kāi)展有機(jī)肥替代化肥，在150個(gè)縣開(kāi)展果菜茶全程防控試點(diǎn)。目前，病蟲綠色防控面積超過(guò)5300萬(wàn)公頃，化肥用量連續(xù)3年實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的探索實(shí)踐，耕地輪作休耕試點(diǎn)省份已由9個(gè)增加到17個(gè)，試點(diǎn)面積由40萬(wàn)公頃擴(kuò)大到200萬(wàn)公頃。試點(diǎn)區(qū)域耕地質(zhì)量穩(wěn)步向好，生態(tài)環(huán)境得到改善，提升了稻米、小麥等的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。正確答案：詳見(jiàn)解析參考解析：【參考譯文】農(nóng)業(yè)要保持糧食供應(yīng)。從供給數(shù)量看，2019年我國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)量再創(chuàng)新高，棉油糖生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定，果菜茶供應(yīng)充足，但是公眾關(guān)注生豬供給。受非洲豬瘟等因素影響，今年生豬產(chǎn)能下降較多。一場(chǎng)生豬穩(wěn)產(chǎn)供保行動(dòng)在全國(guó)各地展開(kāi)，政府部門從財(cái)政支持，用地保障、金融保險(xiǎn)等方面持續(xù)發(fā)力。目前生豬生產(chǎn)已出現(xiàn)回暖，豬肉供應(yīng)將有所增加。同時(shí)，禽肉生產(chǎn)增加較多，牛羊肉生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)好，肉類供應(yīng)有保障。Agricultureshouldsustainasteadysupplyoffood.Intermsofthesupplyquantity,in2019,China’sfoodoutputreachedanewhigh;cotton,oilandsugarstayedsteady;fruits,vegetablesandteasweresufficient;pork,however,wasaconcerntothepublic.AffectedbyswineflufromAfrica,theproductioncapacityoflivehogsdroppedmorethisyear.Acampaignwaslaunchedalloverthecountrytostabilizethesupplyoflivehogs.Thegovernmentcontinuedtoexerttheireffortsinfinancialsupport,landuseguaranteeandfinancialinsurance.Atpresent,livehogproductionhaspickedupandthesupplyofporkshouldincreasesoon.Atthesametime,there’sarelativelyhigherincreaseinthesupplyoffowlmeat.Theproductionofbeefandmuttonlooksgood.Thesupplyofmeatproductsshouldbeguaranteed.此外，供給的質(zhì)量和效益也日益提高，品種結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)。大豆面積增加了92萬(wàn)公頃。各地積極發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)稻谷、小麥、大豆、油菜、高產(chǎn)高糖甘蔗等。不少地方推進(jìn)適應(yīng)性種植，適當(dāng)調(diào)減非適應(yīng)區(qū)種植，東北寒冷地區(qū)和南方重金屬污染區(qū)水稻調(diào)減20萬(wàn)公頃，小麥調(diào)減20萬(wàn)公頃。Inaddition,thequalityandbenefitsofsupplyarealsoimprovingdaybyday,andthestructureofspeciesisoptimized.Theacreageofsoybeanshasbeenincreasedby920,000hectares.Allplaceshaveactivelydevelopedhigh-