2025年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷一

2025年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷一[問(wèn)答題]1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayon（江南博哥）thetopicOneShouldChoosetoWorkinaBigCityoraSmallCityafterGraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan,200words.正確答案：ChoosingtoWorkinaBigCityoraSmallCity?(1)Forcollegegraduates,choosingabigcityorasmallcitytoworkinhasalwaysbeencomplicatedtode-cide.Somechoosetoworkinfast-pacedbigcities,whileothersprefertoworkinsmallcitieswithlesspressure.(2)Frommystandpoint,toworkinbigcitiesisamoreadvisablechoice.(3)ThereasonswhyIsupportworkinginbigcitiesareasfollows.Firstly,workinginabigcitymeansmuchbetterjobopportunities.Ifyougainajobthatmatchesyourabilitiesinfiercecompetition,youwillobtainmoresubstantialsalaryandmoreroomforpromotionthanthatinsmallcities.Secondly,fasterlifeandworkrhythmsimpelsyoutodevelopgoodhabitssuchaspunctualityandtimeplanning,whichwillnotonlyimproveworkef-ficiency,butwillalsogiveyoualifelongbenefit.Thirdly,perfectfacilitiesandversatileexcellenttalentsinbigcitieswillbroadenyourhorizonsandhelptorecognizeyourlimitations,fromwhichyoucangetstrongermotiva-tionandclearersenseofpurpose.(4)Allinall,Ifeelcertainthattheworkandlifeinbigcitieswillneverbedull,andthereforecollegegraduatesshoulddaretochallengethemselvestotakegoodadvantageoftheirtimeandenjoythepressurefrombigcities.參考解析：(1)開(kāi)篇引出“畢業(yè)后選擇去大城市還是小城市”這一話題，并用some…，whileothers…句型引出人們對(duì)就業(yè)城市的不同選擇。(2)用frommystandpoint句型，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，即更傾向去大城市就業(yè)。(3)闡明選擇大城市的原因。impelsb.todosth.意為“激勵(lì)某人做某事”。(4)用allinall及Ifeelcertainthat…句型對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。[問(wèn)答題]2.聯(lián)合國(guó)最新分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，到本世紀(jì)末，世界人口可能會(huì)增至109億。人們擔(dān)心，地球上增加30多億人口可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步耗盡自然資源，加速全球變暖。盡管全球生育率持續(xù)下降，但專家表示，世界總?cè)丝谌詫⒃鲩L(zhǎng)，到2050年達(dá)到97億。這份新報(bào)告預(yù)測(cè)的全球人口增長(zhǎng)速度低于聯(lián)合國(guó)2017年發(fā)布的上一次評(píng)估。此前的評(píng)估預(yù)計(jì)，到本世紀(jì)末世界人口將達(dá)到驚人的112億。修正后的數(shù)據(jù)反映出全球生育率下降的趨勢(shì)，這意味著更多國(guó)家的人口正在減少。正確答案：Theworld'spopulationcould(1)swellto10.9bil-lionbytheendofthecentury,(2)anewUnitedNationsanalysisfound,(3)raisingconcernsthataddingmorethan3billionpeopletotheplanetcouldfurther(4)de-pletenaturalresourcesandaccelerateglobalwarming.Theglobal(5)fertilityratewillcontinue'todeclinethough,expertssaytheworld'soverallpopulationwillstillrise,(6)hitting9.7billionby2050.ThenewreportpredictsslowerpopulationgrowththantheUN'slastas-sessment,(7)releasedin2017.Thatestimateprojectedthattheworldpopulationwouldreacha(8)staggering11.2billionbytheendofthecentury.Therevisedfiguresreflectthe(9)downwardtrendintheglobalfertilityrate,whichmeansthepopulationsofmorecountriesareshrinking.參考解析：(1)swell意為“增加，擴(kuò)大”，swellto表示增長(zhǎng)的幅度較大，意為“增至……”。(2)“聯(lián)合國(guó)最新分析發(fā)現(xiàn)”作狀語(yǔ)，可使用ac-cordingto引導(dǎo)，放在句子開(kāi)頭，也可以放在句尾，譯為anewUnitedNationsanalysisfound。(3)“人們擔(dān)心……”是由前一句引發(fā)的擔(dān)憂，在翻譯時(shí)可譯為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，與前一句的連接更緊密。raiseconcems意為“引起關(guān)注，引發(fā)擔(dān)憂”。(4)“耗盡”可譯為deplete。(5)“生育率”為固定搭配，譯為fertilityrate。(6)“達(dá)到”可用hit表示，意為“達(dá)到（某水平）”。(7)“2017年發(fā)布的”作“上一次評(píng)估”的定語(yǔ)，在翻譯成英文時(shí)可作后置定語(yǔ)。(8)“驚人的112億”中“驚人的”可譯為staggering。(9)“下降的趨勢(shì)”可譯為downwardtrend。共享題干題Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1_____foradecade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacityand___2_____demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhasremained____3____,leadingto___4_____changesintheworldandcreatingserioussocialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoastobetter____5____anylikelynewcrisis.Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere____6____,suchasgreedyfinancialinstitutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestmentreturnsbutwere____7____thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemandproblematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhosecreditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovationbut___8_____fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.Alltheseneedtobe____9____,buttheyarenottherootcausesoftheonce-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryofthe20thcentury,wecan____10____therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscausedbyinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapitalandproductioncapacitytransfer.ItledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sandtherecentGreatRecession.[單選題]1.空白處1應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：H參考解析：根據(jù)空前的助動(dòng)詞has，空后的名詞adecade可知，此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。文章第一句提到“全球金融危機(jī)已經(jīng)________十年”，由句意可推知，此處應(yīng)填“持續(xù)”，因此選擇last。故本題選H。[單選題]2.空白處2應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：F參考解析：根據(jù)空前句子的意思“危機(jī)后，世界產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和需求________的趨勢(shì)”可知，此處所填單詞要和“過(guò)?！毕嗪魬?yīng)，均為負(fù)面或消極意義的詞匯，且修飾名詞needs，所以只能選擇具有負(fù)面意義的形容詞。瀏覽選項(xiàng)，只有deficient和incompatible符合，deficient意為“不充分的；不足的”，incompatible意為“不相容的；矛盾的”，只有deficient符合句意。故本題選F。[單選題]3.空白處3應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：N參考解析：空前的單詞remain為動(dòng)詞，故此處要填形容詞。根據(jù)前文所描述的內(nèi)容以及單詞remain“保持”可知，此處要填的是含負(fù)面或消極意義的詞匯，選項(xiàng)中只有sluggish“蕭條的；緩慢的；遲鈍的”符合題意。故本題選N。[單選題]4.空白處4應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：I參考解析：根據(jù)空后的名詞change可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞。本句and引導(dǎo)并列成分，后半句意為“造成嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題”，其中“嚴(yán)重的”和空內(nèi)所填單詞為對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，縱觀選項(xiàng)內(nèi)的形容詞，只有significant“重大的”符合句意。故本題選I。[單選題]5.空白處5應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：L參考解析：soasto為固定搭配，意為“以便；以致”，后接動(dòng)詞，表示目的。前半句中的analyze表示分析問(wèn)題，然后通過(guò)soasto表示將處理問(wèn)題的目的。list意為“列舉”，不合文意。address意為“應(yīng)對(duì)；處理”，符合句意。故本題選L。[單選題]6.空白處6應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)逗號(hào)后面的suchas可知，后半句為舉列，因此前半句為舉列前的引出，故動(dòng)詞list“引舉”符合，且由were引導(dǎo)，為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故本題選C。[單選題]7.空白處7應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：J參考解析：由上個(gè)空格內(nèi)所填內(nèi)容可知，and后的句意為“金融產(chǎn)品投資者只關(guān)心高投資回報(bào)卻________高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，根據(jù)句子邏輯關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)填“不顧，不管”，因此regardlessof符合句意。故本題選J。[單選題]8.空白處8應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：O參考解析：本句中有but一詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句為“過(guò)度的金融創(chuàng)新”，后半句為“金融監(jiān)管”，因?yàn)槎叩年P(guān)系導(dǎo)致了“系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，根據(jù)邏輯推斷，其關(guān)系為“矛盾的”或“相反的”?？v觀選項(xiàng)，incompatible意為“不相容的；矛盾的”，符合句意。故本題選O。[單選題]9.空白處9應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：A參考解析：needtodosth.意為“需要做某事”，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，needtobedone，此處填人動(dòng)詞rectified合適。rectify意為“矯正；糾正”，可搭配torectifyafault，意為“改正缺點(diǎn)”。故本題選A。[單選題]10.空白處10應(yīng)填A(yù).rectifiedB.overallC.listedD.reactE.compatibleF.deficientGfigureoutHlastedIsignificantJregardlessofKfluctuatedLaddressMlittleNsluggishOincompatible正確答案：G參考解析：由空后的“真正的根本原因”可知，此處要填動(dòng)詞。選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)figureout意為“想出；弄明白”，符合句子的邏輯關(guān)系。故本題選G。參考譯文自2008年9月爆發(fā)以來(lái)，全球金融危機(jī)已經(jīng)持續(xù)了十年。危機(jī)過(guò)后，全球產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和需求不足的趨勢(shì)無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)仍然低迷，導(dǎo)致世界發(fā)生重大變化并造成嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。我們需要分析危機(jī)的根本原因，并吸取教訓(xùn)，以便更好地解決任何可能發(fā)生的新危機(jī)。在危機(jī)之后，人們列出了許多理由。例如貪婪的金融機(jī)構(gòu)和金融產(chǎn)品投資者只關(guān)心高投資回報(bào)卻不顧高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；會(huì)計(jì)制度的漏洞和行業(yè)的存在問(wèn)題的做法和準(zhǔn)則；不負(fù)責(zé)任的評(píng)級(jí)公司，其信用評(píng)分與事實(shí)不符；過(guò)度的金融創(chuàng)新與金融監(jiān)管制度相抵觸，造成系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。所有這些都需要糾正，但這些不是百年一遇危機(jī)的根本原因。在全球化和20世紀(jì)歷史的背景下，我們可以找出真正的根本原因：信息不對(duì)等造成的巨額盈余以及國(guó)際資本和產(chǎn)能轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中的不足。這導(dǎo)致了20世紀(jì)30年代的大蕭條和最近的大蕭條。NewDiscoveriesofPublicTransport(A)AnewstudyconductedfortheWorldBankbyMurdochUniversity'sInstituteforScienceandTechnologyPolicy(ISTP)hasdemonstratedthatpublictransportismoreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedtheproportionofwealthpouredintotransportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.Thisincludedboththepublicandprivatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatrans-portsystem.(B)ThestudyfoundthattheWesternAustraliancityofPerthisagoodexampleofacitywithmini-malpublictransport.Asaresult,17%ofitswealthwentintotransportcosts.SomeEuropeanandAsiancities,ontheotherhand,spentaslittleas5%.ProfessorPeterNewman,ISTPDirector,pointedoutthatthesemoreefficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive.(C)AccordingtoProfessorNewman,thelargerAustraliancityofMelbourneisaratherunusualcityinthissortofcomparison.Hedescribesitastwocities:“AEuropeancitysurroundedbyacar-dependentone.”Melbourne'slargetramnetworkhasmadecaruseintheinnercitymuchlower,buttheoutersuburbshavethesamecar-basedstructureasmostotherAustraliancities.TheexplosionindemandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.(D)Newmansaysthisisanew,broaderwayofconsideringpublictransportissues.Inthepast,thecaseforpublictransporthasbeenmadeonthebasisofenvironmentalandsocialjusticeconsid-erationsratherthaneconomics.Newman,however,believesthestudydemonstratesthat“theauto-dependentcitymodelisinefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenviron-mentalterms”.(E)BicycleusewasnotincludedinthestudybutNewmannotedthatthetwomost“bicyclefriendly”citiesconsidered-AmsterdamandCopenhagen-wereveryefficient,eventhoughtheirpublictransportsystemswere-“reasonablebutnotspecial”.(F)Itiscommonforsupportersofroadnetworkstorejectthemodelsofcitieswithgoodpublictransportbyarguingthatsuchsystemswouldnotworkintheirparticularcity.Oneobjectionisclimate.Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublictransportbecauseitisei-thertoohotortoocold.Newmanrejectsthis,pointingoutthatpublictransporthasbeensuccess-fulinbothTorontoandSingaporeand,infact,hehascheckedtheuseofcarsagainstclimateandfound“zerocorrelation”.(G)Whenitcomestootherphysicalfeatures,roadlobbiesareonstrongerground.Forexample,New-manacceptsitwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork.However,hepointsoutthatZurichhasmanagedtomakeasuccessofitsrailsystems,heavyandlight,thoughtherearefewcitiesintheworldashilly.(H)Infact,Newmanbelievesthemainreasonforadoptingonesortoftransportoveranotherispolitics:“Themoredemocratictheprocess,themorepublictransportisfavoured.”HeconsidersPort-land,Oregon,aperfectexampleofthis.Someyearsago,federalmoneywasgrantedtobuildanewroad.However,localpressuregroupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead.Therailproposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.Intheyearsthathavefollowed,moreandmorerailsystemshavebeenputin,dramaticallychangingthenatureofthecity.NewmannotesthatPortlandhasaboutthesamepopulationasPerthandhadasimilarpopulationdensityatthetime.(I)IntheUK,traveltimestoworkhadbeenstableforatleastsixcenturies,withpeopleavoidingsituationsthatrequiredthemtospendmorethanhalfanhourtravellingtowork.Trainsandcarsinitiallyallowedpeopletoliveatgreaterdistanceswithouttakinglongertoreachtheirdestina-tion.However,publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecon-gestionproblemswhichnowmakecommutingtimesfarhigher.(J)Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatincreasingwealthencouragespeopletolivefartheroutwherecarsaretheonlyviabletransport.TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat.TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofcaruse.InStockholm,carusehasactuallyfalleninrecentyearsasthecityhasbecomelargerandwealthier.Anewstudymakesthispointevenmorestarkly.DevelopingcitiesinAsia,suchasJakartaandBangkok,makemoreuseofthecarthanwealthyAsiancitiessuchasTokyoandSingapore.Incitiesthatdevelopedlater,theWorldBankandAsianDevelopmentBankdiscouragedthebuild-ingofpublictransportandpeoplehavebeenforcedtorelyoncars-creatingthemassivetrafficjamsthatcharacterizethosecities.(K)NewmanbelievesoneofthebeststudiesonhowcitiesbuiltforcarsmightbeconvertedtorailuseisTheUrbanVillagereport,whichusedMelboumeasanexample.Itfoundthatpushingeveryoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebestapproach.Instead,theproposaladvocatedthecreationofurbanvillagesathundredsofsites,mostlyaroundrailwaystations.(L)Itwasonceassumedthatimprovementsintelecommunicationswouldleadtomoredispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedintocities.However,theISTPteam'sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseorremainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.Theexplanationforthisseemstobethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelatedfieldstogether.“Thenewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity,andcreativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face.”[單選題]11.InMelbourne,peopleprefertoliveintheinnersuburbs.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：C參考解析：題干中的兩個(gè)名詞Melboume和suburbs可以將答案定位在C段，Theexplosionindemandforaccom-modationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.即近郊住房需求激增說(shuō)明人們選擇住在近郊。故本題選C。[單選題]12.Aucklandishilly,thereforeitisinappropriateforittodeveloprailtransportsystem.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：G參考解析：題干中專有名詞Auckland和形容詞hilly可以將答案迅速定位在G段itwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork，由于奧克蘭為多山地貌，所以很難建立良好的軌道系統(tǒng)。故本題選G。[單選題]13.IntheUK,traveltimestoworkincreasebecausepublicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：I參考解析：本題意為“英國(guó)的公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施無(wú)法跟上城市擴(kuò)張的進(jìn)度，通勤時(shí)間大大延長(zhǎng)”。題干中keeppacewith是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在Ⅰ段的最后一句publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl，causingmassivecongestionproblemswhichnowmakecommutingtimesfarhigher.本題句子中traveltimestoworkincrease是對(duì)原文commutingtimesfarhigher的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。故本題選I。[單選題]14.TheISTPstudyexaminedpublicandprivatesystemsinthirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：A參考解析：題干中專有名詞ISTP和數(shù)字thirty-seven是很明顯的定位詞，可將答案快速確定到A段ISTPhasdemonstratedthatpublictransportismoreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedtheproportionofwealthpouredintotransportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.Thisincludedboththepublicandprivatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatransportsystem，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)題于是對(duì)這一部分的概述。故本題選A。[單選題]15.TheUrbanVillageusedMelbournetoillustratethatweshouldavoidanovercrowdedcentre.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：K參考解析：本題意為“《城中村》報(bào)告以墨爾本為例，說(shuō)明應(yīng)避免過(guò)于擁擠的市中心”。題干中TheUrbanVillage是關(guān)鍵詞，定位到K段的Itfoundthatpushingeveryoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebestapproach.題干中avoid和原文notthebestapproach相對(duì)應(yīng)，overcrowdedcentre和pushingeveryoneintothecitycentre相對(duì)應(yīng)。故本題選K。[單選題]16.Efficientcitiescanimprovethequalityoflifefortheirinhabitants.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：B參考解析：本句意為“高效的城市可以改善居民的生活質(zhì)量”。題干中的定位詞是efficientcities，所以可以將答案鎖定在B段的最后一句話，thesemoreefficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive.題干中的improvethequalityoflife是對(duì)原句creatingabetterplacetolive的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。故本題選B。[單選題]17.Citieswithhighlevelsofbicycleusagecanbeefficientevenwhenpublictransportisonlyaver-agelygood.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：E參考解析：本題意為“對(duì)于自行車使用率高的城市而言，即使公共交通水平一般，交通效率也很高”。題干中bicycle和publictransport力關(guān)鍵詞，原詞出現(xiàn)在文章E段引號(hào)內(nèi)較易定位，即thetwomost“bicyclefriendly”citiesconsidered…wereveryefficient,eventhoughtheirpublictransportsystemswere“reasonablebutnotspecial”，題干中的averagelygood與reasonablebutnotspecial相對(duì)應(yīng)。故本題選E。[單選題]18.TheexampleofEuropeancitiesshowsthathigherincomesneednotmeanmorecars.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：J參考解析：本題意為“在收入高的城市，汽車使用率反而較低”。題干中的theexampleofEuropeancities為定位詞，可以直接定位到J段TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofcaruse.作者通過(guò)對(duì)比歐洲城市和美國(guó)、亞洲城市，反駁了高收入等于高的汽車使用率這一說(shuō)法。故本題選J。[單選題]19.Portlandprofitablymovedfromroadtolightrailtransportsystem.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：H參考解析：本題意為“波特蘭市由修建公路改成輕軌的決策帶來(lái)盈利”。題干的Portland為關(guān)鍵詞，定位到H段Therailproposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.運(yùn)行良好即意味著帶來(lái)盈利。故本題選H。[單選題]20.Thefactthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseorremainedconstantinthe1980sdemonstratesthatworkingtogetherincitiesisbeneficial.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)正確答案：L參考解析：本題意為“城市人口和職位的密度保持不變或有所上升說(shuō)明城市里工作人員聚集在一起是有利的”。題干的thepopulationandjobdensityofcities均為提示詞，定位到L段itisvaluabletoplacepeoplework-inginrelatedfieldstogether.該句中valuable和題干的beneficial互為近義詞。故本題選L。參考譯文公共交通的新發(fā)現(xiàn)A)默多克大學(xué)的科技政策研究所(ISTP)為世界銀行做的最新研究表明，公共交通工具的效率比小汽車高。該研究比較了全世界37座城市公共交通投入資金所占的比例。這其中包括修建、維護(hù)和使用公交系統(tǒng)時(shí)的政府投入和個(gè)人開(kāi)銷。B)研究顯示，西澳大利亞的首府珀斯是最低限度發(fā)展公交系統(tǒng)的典型例子。結(jié)果是該市的交通成本竟占政府收入的17%。然而，某些歐洲和亞洲城市的交通成本則僅有5%。研究所主任彼得·紐曼教授指出，后面這些效率更高的城市能夠?qū)⒏噘Y金投入到發(fā)展工業(yè)、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和創(chuàng)造更好的生活環(huán)境中去。C)紐曼教授認(rèn)為，如此進(jìn)行比較的話，規(guī)模相對(duì)較大的澳大利亞城市墨爾本則顯得格外與眾不同。他將其形容為兩座城市：“一座歐洲城市外面裹著另一座汽車代步城?！蹦珷柋疽?guī)模龐大的有軌電車網(wǎng)絡(luò)極大降低了市內(nèi)的汽車使用率，但遠(yuǎn)郊地區(qū)則同大多數(shù)其他澳大利亞城市一樣依賴汽車交通。而該市近郊住房需求的激增正顯示出近年來(lái)人們?cè)谶x擇居住地點(diǎn)時(shí)觀念的變化。D)據(jù)紐曼教授稱，這是一種考慮公共交通問(wèn)題新的、更廣泛的方式。過(guò)去在解決公共交通問(wèn)題時(shí)，我們通常關(guān)心的是環(huán)境和社會(huì)的合理性，而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)情況。除此之外，紐曼教授認(rèn)為該研究顯示了“依賴汽車作為交通工具的城市發(fā)展模式不僅效率低下，而且在經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境發(fā)展方面也相當(dāng)不足”。E)自行車的使用不在此項(xiàng)研究范圍之內(nèi)。然而，紐曼教授指出在考察研究的37座城市中，阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根這兩座自行車普及率最高的城市效率也非常高，即便他們的公共交通系統(tǒng)“特色全無(wú)，相當(dāng)一般”。F)公路網(wǎng)的擁護(hù)者們普遍反對(duì)以發(fā)達(dá)的公共交通系統(tǒng)為標(biāo)志的城市發(fā)展模式。他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該系統(tǒng)在個(gè)別城市并不適用。氣候是反對(duì)的理由之一。有些人說(shuō)他們的城市要么夏天太熱，要么冬天太冷，以至于無(wú)法充分利用公交系統(tǒng)。紐曼教授則否定了這一觀點(diǎn)，他指出公交系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展在多倫多和新加坡地區(qū)均獲得了巨大成功。事實(shí)上，他調(diào)查過(guò)人們是否會(huì)使用汽車應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。G)當(dāng)我們考慮到其他硬件條件時(shí)，公路網(wǎng)的支持者們就有了更充分的理由。例如，紐曼認(rèn)同，對(duì)于山地城市奧克蘭來(lái)說(shuō)，開(kāi)發(fā)真正成功的軌道交通網(wǎng)是一件困難的事情。然而，他指出，雖然全世界的山地城市為數(shù)不多，但蘇黎世已設(shè)法成功地建成了重型和輕型軌道交通系統(tǒng)。H)紐曼教授認(rèn)為，事實(shí)上，決定采用哪一種交通運(yùn)輸方式的主要因素是政治，“決策過(guò)程越民主，公共交通就越容易得到支持”。他將美國(guó)俄勒岡州的波特蘭市看作是其中的范例。幾年前，國(guó)家撥款修建一條新公路。但是，當(dāng)?shù)氐膲毫F(tuán)體強(qiáng)行組織了一次公民投票，來(lái)表決是否要將國(guó)家撥款花費(fèi)在建設(shè)替代公路的輕軌上。修建輕軌的提議最終得以通過(guò)，而且軌道系統(tǒng)在當(dāng)?shù)氐倪\(yùn)行狀況非常良好。在隨后的幾年中，波特蘭市投入使用了更多的軌道交通系統(tǒng)，城市面貌也因此得到巨大改善。紐曼教授發(fā)現(xiàn)，波特蘭市與珀斯市的人口數(shù)量大致相同，并且當(dāng)時(shí)的人口密度也十分相近。I)在英國(guó)，人們不會(huì)去做通勤時(shí)間達(dá)半小時(shí)以上的工作，因而六百年來(lái)，花在通勤上的時(shí)間都得以保持不變。剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，火車和汽車使人們即使住得遠(yuǎn)，也無(wú)需花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間在路途上。然而，公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施無(wú)法跟上城市擴(kuò)張的步伐，這就導(dǎo)致了大規(guī)模的交通擁堵問(wèn)題，并且使通勤的時(shí)間大大延長(zhǎng)。J)有一種廣泛的說(shuō)法是：財(cái)富的不斷增長(zhǎng)促使人們到更遠(yuǎn)的地方居住，而汽車是那里唯一可行的交通工具。然而，許多歐洲城市的例子可以反駁這一觀點(diǎn)。相對(duì)于美國(guó)城市，歐洲城市通常更加富有，而汽車使用率卻比美國(guó)低。近年來(lái)，隨著城市規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)張和財(cái)富的逐年增加，斯德哥爾摩的汽車使用率反而還有所下降。一項(xiàng)新的研究更清楚地說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。亞洲的發(fā)展中城市，例如雅加達(dá)和曼谷，其汽車使用率要高于像東京和新加坡這樣的富裕地區(qū)。在發(fā)展比較滯后的城市中，世界銀行和亞洲發(fā)展銀行不鼓勵(lì)修建公共交通系統(tǒng)，因此人們不得不依賴汽車作為交通工具，這導(dǎo)致了這些城市中標(biāo)志性的交通堵塞。K)紐曼教授認(rèn)為，以墨爾本為例的《城中村》報(bào)告是最優(yōu)秀的研究報(bào)告之一，報(bào)告主要講述如何將以汽車代步的城市轉(zhuǎn)變成以軌道交通為主的城市。該報(bào)告顯示，讓大家都住在市中心并不是最好的方法。反之，報(bào)告主張建立幾百個(gè)主要集中在車站附近的城中村。L)曾經(jīng)有人假設(shè)，由于人們不再被迫住在城市，電信的改進(jìn)將促使人口進(jìn)一步分散。然而，ISTP研究小組的調(diào)查顯示，繼幾十年的下降之后，在20世紀(jì)80年代，城市人口和工作密度都保持不變或有所上升。似乎合理的解釋是，將工作在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的人聚集在一起可以創(chuàng)造更大的價(jià)值?！拔磥?lái)新世界將主要依靠人類的創(chuàng)造力，而創(chuàng)造力在人們面對(duì)面的交流中會(huì)更加活躍?！盦uestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsanimmigranttoNorthAmerica,youwillneedtoensurethatemployersandorganhationssuchascollegesanduniversitiesproperlyrecognizeyourinternationalcredentials.Thesemaybetradecertificates,butalsoeducationalqualificationssuchasdegreesordiplomas,thatyouhavecompletedorpartially-completed.ItiscommonforhiringpersonneltohavelittleornotraininginevaluatinganacademicbackgroundearnedoutsideofNorthAmerica.Butatthesametime,employersseeformaleducationasveryimportantwhenhiring.Educationisahiringrequirementfor60%ofemploymentopportunities,but40%ofhumanresourcesstaffsaythatiftheydonotknowalotaboutthevalueofdocumentsattainedelsewhere,theywillnotrecognizethem.ResearchhasshownthatsometimesimmigrantsstartwithalowersalarylevelthanpeoplewhohavecompletedtheirtraininginNorthAmerica.Youmaywanttoapplyforemploymentopportuni-tieswithcompanieswhosestaffunderstandsyoursituationormoreimportantly,whoknowwheretosendyoutogetyourNorthAmerican[credentials].IfyouneedtocompleteyourtraininginNorthAmerica,apprenticeshipsleadingtoskilledtradesareinhighdemand.Apprenticeshiptrainingisahands-onprogramwhereabout10%isinaclassroomsettingatcommunitycolleges,and90%ofthetrainingison-the-job.Thetraininginvolvesworkingforanemployerandearningincomeduringthetrainingperiod.Sometimesthereisalimitof5yearsfortraining.Youmaybeabletousethistrain-ingtowardcollegeoruniversitycreditsoreducation.Thereisagoodpotentialforlong-termjobsecurityaftercompletionofapprenticeshiptraining.IfyouearnedyourpapersoutsideofNorthAmerica,youwillneedtogetthemtranslatedifyouwanttoworkorstudy.Itisimportantforyouthatyoureducationisassessedbyanaccreditedassess-mentservicewhenyouareapplyingforjobs,andparticularlyifthejobpostinghasaneducationrequirement.Aswell,itisrecommendedthatyouincludeacopyofthereportwithyourcoverletter.Itissuggestedthatyouprovidethisinformationearlyanddonotwaituntilthetimeyouactuallymeetwiththeemployer.Gettingjobinterviewsismore50%ofthewholeprocessofsecuringem-ployment;andwithanevaluationreport,youwanttomakesurethatemployersarescreeningyou“in”ratherthan“out”.[單選題]21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Hiringpersonnelisrequiredtohavetrainingonevaluationofoverseasacademicbackground,B.Comparedwiththoseimmigrants,thosewhohaveeducatedinNorthAmericaareofferedahighersalary.C.Formaleducationisasimportantasworkingexperience.D.Humanresourcesstaffviewthevalueofalldocumentsasamajorrequirement.正確答案：B參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)與第二段第一句不符。c項(xiàng)為過(guò)度推斷，第二段第二句只是說(shuō)重視正式教育背景，沒(méi)有提及工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。D項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句不符。B項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句。故本題選B。[單選題]22.Theword“credentials”,asusedinParagraph3,canbebestdefinedas________.A.creditsB.qualificationsC.employmentD.credulity正確答案：B參考解析：含義題。原文credentials所在句子意為：也許你想向了解你情況的員工所在的公司申請(qǐng)工作，或者更為重要的是，那些公司知道把你送到什么地方可以幫助你獲得北美地區(qū)的資質(zhì)認(rèn)證。credit“學(xué)分，信用”、employment“雇傭”和credulity“輕信”均與原文意思不符。只有B項(xiàng)“證書，文憑”符合文意。故本題選B。[單選題]23.Whatcoursesoftenprovidemorejobstability?A.Accounting.B.English.C.Engineering.D.Apprenticeshiptraining.正確答案：D參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞jobstability定位于第三段最后一句thereisagoodpotentialforlong-termjobsecurityaftercompletionofapprenticeshiptraining，意為“在完成學(xué)徒培訓(xùn)后，這將為你的工作提供具有長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性的良好潛力”。故本題選D。[單選題]24.Whatarewetryingtoobtainafterspendingmanyeffortstofindajob?A.Qualification.B.Highsalary.C.Jobinterviews.D.Self-fulfilment.正確答案：C參考解析：推斷題。原文第四段最后一句Gettingjobinterviewsismorethan50%ofthewholeprocessofsecuringemployment意為“在找工作的整個(gè)過(guò)程中，獲得面試機(jī)會(huì)相當(dāng)于成功了一半”。聯(lián)系前文可知，為了獲得面試機(jī)會(huì)，作者提出了很多建議。故本題選C。[單選題]25.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ProfessionalCredentials:AdviceforImmigrantsB.DifficultiesofImmigrantsC.ApprenticeshipTrainingIsinHighDemandinAmericaD.HowtoSecureaJob?正確答案：A參考解析：主旨題。B、C、D三項(xiàng)均是文章各段落的概括，信息片面。選項(xiàng)A“職業(yè)資質(zhì)證書：給移民者的建議”將移民、專業(yè)資質(zhì)證書與建議等重要信息點(diǎn)結(jié)合。故本題選A。參考譯文作為一名到北美的移民，你需要確保那里的雇主和機(jī)構(gòu)，如學(xué)院和大學(xué)，認(rèn)可你的國(guó)際化資歷。這些或許是行業(yè)認(rèn)證，但已經(jīng)完成或部分完成的學(xué)位或?qū)W歷等教育證書也適用。負(fù)責(zé)招聘的員工對(duì)如何鑒別北美地區(qū)外的學(xué)術(shù)教育背景缺乏培訓(xùn)，這是一種很普遍的現(xiàn)象。但與此同時(shí)，在招聘時(shí)，雇主很看重正規(guī)的教育背景。60%的工作機(jī)會(huì)都要求教育背景，但是40%從事人力資源工作的員工表示.如果他們不了解在其他地區(qū)獲得證書的價(jià)值，這些證書將不會(huì)得到認(rèn)可。研究表明，有時(shí)移民的起薪低于在北美完成培訓(xùn)的人員。也許你想申請(qǐng)的公司，其員工了解你的情況，或者更重要的是，這些公司知道送你到何處可以拿到北美地區(qū)的資格認(rèn)證。如果你需要在北美完成培訓(xùn)，技工學(xué)徒需求緊俏。學(xué)徒培訓(xùn)是實(shí)踐型培訓(xùn),10%的課程在社區(qū)大學(xué)的課堂里，90%是在職培訓(xùn)。培訓(xùn)包括在此期間，給雇主打工并獲得收入。有時(shí)培訓(xùn)期為5年。你也許可以將這培訓(xùn)當(dāng)作在學(xué)院或大學(xué)的教育。在完成學(xué)徒培訓(xùn)后，這將為你的工作提供具有長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性的良好潛力。如果你想在北美工作或?qū)W習(xí)，那么你需要將在其他地區(qū)獲得的證書翻譯成英文。當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)，特別是對(duì)教育有要求的工作，很重要的一點(diǎn)是，你的教育背景需要被授權(quán)的機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)證。而且，建議你出示一份該鑒定的復(fù)印件和說(shuō)明信。建議你提前提交這些信息，不要等到面試時(shí)再提交。在找工作的整個(gè)過(guò)程中，獲得面試機(jī)會(huì)相當(dāng)于成功了一半。有了這一認(rèn)證報(bào)告，你肯定希望雇主認(rèn)可你而不是淘汰你。Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EverydayMcDonald'sserves69mcustomers,morethanthepopulationofBritainorFrance.Thecompanyhaswhatisestimatedtobethemostvaluablefast-foodbrandintheworld,cherishedasacheapdiningoptionforfamilies.ButdoconsumersperceiveMcDonald'sasasociallyorenvi-ronmentallyresponsiblecompany?Iftheydonot,itisinspiteofthebesteffortsofBobLangert.In1988,hetookatemporaryassignmentmanagingafuroreoverpolystyrene“clamshells”inwhichthecompany'sburgerswereserved,andwhichwerebeingdamnedfortheircontributiontoAmerica'slitterproblem.Thatturnedintoa25-yearcareer(hehassinceleftthefirm)dealingwiththechain'svariousnegativeexternaleffects.ItwasaHerculeantask,[akinto]

beingfashionconsultanttoSteveBannon.Apartfromlitter,hehadtodealwithanimalwelfare,environmentalde-struction,obesityandworkers'rights.Whenhebegan,thecompany'smascotwasbeingdubbed“RonaldMcToxic”becauseoftheclamshellproblem.Buthehadmoresuccessthanoutsidersmightthink.Hisbook“TheBattletoDoGood:InsideMcDonald'sSustainabilityJourney”isamust-readevenforthosewhoarecynicalaboutthebusinessofcorporatesocialresponsibility.Attimes,thefast-foodchaindidnothelpitself.Inthe1990s,itsuedtwoGreenpeaceactivistsforproducingleafletsaboutitspractices.Theensuing“McLibel”trialgavetheclaimsworldwidepublicityandwasdescribedastheworld'sbiggestcorporate-PRdisaster.Mr.Langerttriedtoreducethedamage.Thecompanyconsultedpan-elsofindependentexpertsandengagedwithcampaigninggroups.Onoccasionitaimedtokeeponestepaheadoftheactivists-McDonald'stookactionevenwhentherewaslittlesignofpubliccon-cern.Shavingoneinchoffthenapkinssaved3mlbsofpaperannually,forexample,butfewcon-sumersnoticed.EnvironmentalistsdidattackthefirmforitsimpactontheAmazonrainforest,say-ingtreeswerebeingcutdowntomakeroomforcattlepastureortheexpansionofsoyfarmingforcattlefeed.In1989thecompanyannouncedthatit“neverhasandneverwillbuybeeffromrecentlydeforestedrainforests”andithasalsoworkedtolimittheexpansionofsoyfarmingintheregion.TheriseofveganismamiddoubtsaboutthehealtheffectsofeatingmeathavegivenMcDonald'snewworries.Accomplishingchangeisnotjustamatterofthecompanysnappingitsfingers.MostMcDon-ald'srestaurantsareoperatedbyfranchiseesanditsgoodsareboughtfromawiderangeofsuppliers,sothreeorfourlayersmayseparatetheMcDonald'sheadofficeandthecattle-rancherwhosuppliesthefirm'sbeef.Inthelate1990s,afiercomplaintsfromcampaigngroupsaboutthelivingconditionsofhens,Mr.Langertvisitedaneggfacilitytofindthatconditionswereindeedterrible.InAugust2000thefirmsaiditwouldbuye