2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語北師版選擇性必修第四冊教學(xué)課件 UNIT 10 LESSON 1

UNIT10CONNECTIONSLESSON1

HOWCLOSELYCONNECTEDAREWE?HOWCLOSELYCONNECTEDAREWE?ACTIVATEANDSHAREHowmanycontactsdoyouhaveonsocialmedia?Howmanypeopledoyouregularlycommunicatewith?Activity1ACTIVATEANDSHAREReadthefirsttwoparagraphsofthearticleonthetheory“SixDegreesofSeparation”.Whatdoesitmeanandwhoinventedthistheory?Activity2ItstatesthatanypersononEarthcanbeconnectedtoanyotherpersonthroughachainofnomorethanfiveotherpeople.ThetheorywasfirstintroducedbyHungarianauthorFrigyesKarinthy，intheearly20thcentury.Readtherestofthearticle.Findoutaboutthedevelopmentofthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theory.Takenotesinthetablebelow.Thentalkabouthowthetheorydevelopedbasedonyournotes.Activity31967Mid-1990sWhoHowFindings/ResultsStanleyMilgramHechosearandomsampleofpeopleinthemiddleofAmericaandaskedthemtosendpackagestoastrangerinthestateofMassachusetts.Itonlytookbetweenfiveandsevenpeopletogettheparcelsdelivered.TwocollegestudentsintheUnitedStatesTheyinventedagame.TheideaofthegamewastolinkanyactortoKevinBacon，afamousAmericanactorandmusician，throughnomorethansixlinks.TheygamewasbeingplayedinuniversitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Readtherestofthearticle.Findoutaboutthedevelopmentofthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theory.Takenotesinthetablebelow.Thentalkabouthowthetheorydevelopedbasedonyournotes.Activity320012011WhoHowFindings/resultsColumbiaUniversityThe“ColumbiaSmall-worldProject”：ColumbiaUniversitytriedtorecreateMilgram’sexperimentontheInternet.Theexperimentinvolved24，163emailchainswith18targetpeoplein13differentcountries.Theresultsconfirmedthattheaveragenumberoflinksinthechainwassix.UniversityofMilanTheexperimentanalysedtherelationshipbetween721millionsocialmediausers.92%wereconnectedbyonlyfourstages.GroupWork

Readthearticleagain.Taketurnstoexplainthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theory.Usethediagramtohelpyou.Activity4GroupWork

Thinkandshare.1

WhydidMilgramandColumbiaUniversitybothlabeltheirexperiments“Small-world”?2

Whydoyouthinkpeoplestudyhowpeopleareconnected?Activity5BecausetheybelievedthatanypersononEarthcouldbeconnectedtoanyotherpersonthroughachainofnomorethanfiveotherpeople.Inthissensetheworldissmall.Probablypeoplewanttostudythestructuresofhumansociety，therulesofhumansocialactivities，andhowpeopleareconnectedwitheachother.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.Activity6random

sociologist

network

publish

package

chain1

In1967，a

calledStanleyMilgramdidanexperimenttofindouthowmanydegreesofseparationtherewerebetweenstrangersindifferentpartsofAmerica.2

Allofthe

inMilgram’sexperimentweredeliveredtotherightpeopleafterpassingthroughthehandsofbetweenfiveandsevenpeople.3

TheresultsofMilgram’sexperiment

inthemagazinePsychologyToday.sociologist

packageswerepublished

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.Activity6random

sociologist

network

publish

package

chain4

Theresultsofthe“ColumbiaSmall-worldProject”confirmedthattheaveragenumberoflinksinthe

wassix.5

Peopledoingexperimentsinto“SixDegreesofSeparation”usuallychoosea

sampleofpeopletotakeparttomaketheresultsmorereliable.6

Recently，creatingandgrowingyoursocial

hasbecomemoreimportantthaneverbeforeduetothegrowthofsocialmedia.chainrandom

networkLanguagepoints教材原句“SixDegreesofSeparation”referstothetheorythat...“六度分隔”理論說的是……1referto

（1）指的是，提及，談到搭配：referto...as...稱……為……Whenhereferredtothegallery，Iknewitwastheoneattheendofthisstreet.當(dāng)他提到畫廊的時候，我知道就是在這條街的盡頭的那家。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Theyagreednevertorefertothematteragain.他們同意永遠(yuǎn)不再提這件事了。Helikestobereferredtoas“DoctorKhee”.他喜歡別人叫他“基博士”。（2）查閱，參考Hemadethespeechwithoutreferringtohisnotes.他脫稿發(fā)表了演講。（3）涉及，關(guān)于ThefiguresrefertooursalesinEurope.這些數(shù)字涉及我們在歐洲的銷售額?！練w納拓展】referto/turnto/consultthedictionary查詞典

lookup...inthedictionary在詞典中查閱……核心詞匯題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法寫出referto在句中的含義（1）IwasnotreferringtoherwhenIsaidso. （2）Nowthattheboyhasbeenpunished，pleasedon’trefertothatmatteragain.

（3）Theteacheraskedusnottorefertoourbooksordictionarieswhenwewereintheexam.

一句多譯不要老是查詞典，你要學(xué)會猜測生詞在文章中的含義。（4）Don’talways

；youshouldlearntoguessthemeaningofthenewwordsinthepassage.（5）Don’talways

；youshouldlearntoguessthemeaningofthenewwordsinthepassage.（6）Don’talways

；youshouldlearntoguessthemeaningoftheminthepassage.指的是提及

查閱，參考refertothedictionary/turntothedictionaryconsultthedictionarylookupthenewwordsinthedictionary教材原句...hisideasinfluencedmanyofourearlyimpressionsofsocialnetworks.……許多早期關(guān)于社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)想都受到他思想的影響。2impressionn.印象，感想；印記搭配：

get/haveagood/badimpressionof對……的印象好/不好leave/makea（n）...impressiononsb給某人留下……的印象I’muncertainwhetheryouhaveaverydifferentimpressionofhim.我不確定你是否對他的印象大不相同。Thewayhedealtwiththeconflictwithhiscolleagueleftadeepimpressiononme.他處理與同事沖突的方式給我留下了深刻的印象。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thereareimpressionsofshoesinthemud.泥地里留下了鞋印。【歸納拓展】impressv.使留下深刻印象；使意識到（重要性或嚴(yán)肅性等）

impresssbwithsth某事物給某人留下深刻印象impresssthonsb使某人意識到某事的重要性beimpressedwith/by對……印象深刻Wewereimpressedwithyourpositiveattitude.你樂觀的態(tài)度給我們留下了深刻的印象。Heimpressedonustheneedforimmediateaction.他讓我們認(rèn)識到立刻采取行動的必要性?！驹~語積累】impressiveadj.令人贊嘆的，令人敬佩的Mostoftheworksdisplayedinthegalleryareimpressive.Iliketheonehanginginthemiddleofthewallinparticular.這家畫廊里展示的大部分作品都令人贊嘆，我尤其喜歡掛在墻中間的那一幅。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］單句語法填空（1）Thesplendidsceneryleftadeepimpression

us.（2）Fatherimpressed

methevalueofhardwork.（3）ThehistoricalarchitectureofLondonattractsvisitorsfromallovertheworld，andleavesadeep

（impress）onthem.（4）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Themost

（impress）memoryofmyhighschoollifeistheconstantencouragementfrommyEnglishteacher.完成句子（5）Asacandidate，youmust

（給……留下好印象）everyoneyoumeetifyouwanttowintheelection.（6）We

（對……印象深刻）theenjoyableexperienceinthecountryside.on

on

impression

impressiveleave/makeagoodimpressionon

wereimpressedwith/by教材原句HechosearandomsampleofpeopleinthemiddleofAmerica...他在美國中部隨機抽取一部分人作為樣本……3randomadj.隨機的，隨意的；胡亂的n.隨意搭配：

arandomsample/selection隨機抽樣/選擇

therandomkillingofinnocentpeople對無辜者的隨意殺戮arrange...inarandomorder隨機排列…… atrandom胡亂地；隨便地；任意地choose/select/pick...atrandom隨意選擇……Hewentintoagroceryandpickedsomesnacksfromtheshelfatrandom.他走進(jìn)一家食品雜貨店，從架子上隨便挑了些零食。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語積累】randomlyadv.隨便地，任意地；無目的地，胡亂地；未加計劃地Myphoneseemstoswitchitselfoffrandomly.我的手機好像隨時自動關(guān)機。 完成句子（1）Theinformationisprocessed

（按隨機順序）.單句語法填空（2）Thewinningnumbersare

（random）selectedbythecomputer.（3）Theluckyfanswillbepicked

randomratherthanchosenbeforehandtoperformwiththesingerduringtheparty.（4）Thereisnodoubtthatitisbettertoreadafewbookscarefullythantoreadmany________

random.inarandomorderrandomly

at

at教材原句...oncereleased，theresultswerepublishedinthebimonthlymagazinePsychologyToday.……結(jié)果一經(jīng)公布，便發(fā)表在雙月刊《今日心理學(xué)》上。4releasevt.發(fā)表，發(fā)布；釋放；放開，松開；宣泄；解雇n.發(fā)表，發(fā)布；釋放；排放；解脫Theprisonerhasservedhissentenceandwillbereleasedtomorrow.那名犯人已服刑期滿，明天將獲釋。10，000balloonswerereleasedattheceremony.典禮上放飛了一萬個氣球。Theclubisreleasingsomeofitsolderplayers.那家俱樂部正在解聘一些老隊員。 單句語法填空（1）Afterhe

（release）fromprison，hewasdeterminedtodevotemostofhistimetohisworkandfamily.（2）Sheburstintotears，

（release）allherpent-upemotions.完成句子（3）Herefused

（放開她的胳膊）.wasreleased

releasingtoreleaseherarms 教材原句Forexample，theOscar-winningfilmBabelisbasedontheconceptof“SixDegreesofSeparation”.例如，奧斯卡獲獎影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”這一概念。5bebasedon基于，以……為根據(jù)；在……基礎(chǔ)上Peoplecomplainthatdecisionstoapproveordenyapermitareoftenrandomratherthanbasedonfixedcriteria.人們抱怨，批準(zhǔn)或拒絕許可的決定往往是隨機的，而不是根據(jù)固定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Inmydiary，Isetdownaseriesofthingsthatwasbasedonfacts.在我的日記里，我記下了一系列有事實根據(jù)的事情。【歸納拓展】base...on/upon...使……以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)atthebaseof...在……底部Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopinionsonfacts.一個人應(yīng)該始終以事實為依據(jù)發(fā)表自己的觀點。 單句語法填空（1）Theresearchgroupproducedtworeports

（base）onthesurvey，butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.（2）

（base）onatruestory，thefilmattractsmanypeople，whethertheyareoldoryoung.（3）

（base）animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason，youwillregretitsoonerorlater.完成句子（4）Thenewfilm

（以……為根據(jù)）atrueincident.（5）Thereport

（以數(shù)據(jù)為根據(jù)）fromsixcountries.basedBasedBasingisbasedonisbasedonthedata 重點句式教材原句“SixDegreesofSeparation”referstothetheorythatanypersononEarthcanbeconnectedtoanyotherpersonthroughachainofnomorethanveotherpeople.“六度分隔”理論說的是地球上任何人都可通過不超過另外五個人的聯(lián)結(jié)與其他任何一個人聯(lián)系起來。【句式分析】that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明thetheory的具體內(nèi)容。1同位語從句在復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)同位語成分的從句稱為同位語從句。由that或wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)，常放在doubt，fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，impression，thought等抽象名詞后，解釋說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。Heleftthefirstimpressiontousthathewasnotonlyhandsomebutalsoreliable.他給我們的第一印象是他不僅英俊而且可靠。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

單句語法填空（1）Themanagerputforwardasuggestion

weshouldhaveanassistant.Therewastoomuchworktodo.（2）There’satraditioninouroffice

whenit’ssomebody’sbirthday，theybringinacakeforusalltoshare.（3）Ihavenoidea

thecellphoneisn’tworking，socouldyoufixitforme?（4）Thehope

theyexpressedisthattheywouldgotovisitthatcountryagain.（5）［2020·北京卷］Butalloftoday’sexciteddiscussionaboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefact

wewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.that

thatwhy

that/whichthat教材原句Thepeoplesendingthepackagesonlyknewthename，jobandgenerallocationofthestranger.這些寄送包裹的人只知道這位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置?！揪涫椒治觥楷F(xiàn)在分詞短語sending...作后置定語，修飾thepeople，相當(dāng)于定語從句（whosent...）。被修飾詞Thepeople與send之間是主動關(guān)系。2現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語時，其邏輯主語與分詞動作之間存在主動關(guān)系，表示主動。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那邊的那個孩子是我的弟弟。（Thechild與stand之間是主動關(guān)系）Thegirlworkinginthebakeryisagraduatewhochosetheindependentemployment.在面包店工作的那個女孩是一個選擇獨立就業(yè)的畢業(yè)生。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（Thegirl與work之間是主動關(guān)系）【學(xué)法點撥】過去分詞（短語）作定語：過去分詞（短語）作定語，其邏輯主語與分詞動作之間是被動關(guān)系，表示被動或完成。Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.你不能接受別人給你的意見，除非它是建立在事實基礎(chǔ)上的。（anopinion與offer之間是被動關(guān)系）Hisfirstbookpublishedlastmonthisbasedonatruestory.他上個月出版的第一本書是根據(jù)一個真實故事改編的。（Hisfirstbook與publish之間是被動關(guān)系）單句語法填空（1）Doyouwanttoseethedoctor

（work）onthecasereportintheoffice?（2）Doyouknowtheboy

（stand）atthedoor?（3）Theylivedinahouse

（face）thesouth.（4）Thewindow

（break）yesterdaywasrepairedthismorning.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thehamburgers

（sell）inthischainarenottomytaste.（6）Thenews

（release）lastnightraisedaheateddiscussionamongtheyoungworkers.（7）Peopletodaytendtochoosevegetables

（grow）withoutusinganychemicals.workingstanding

facing

brokensold

releasedgrown教材原句Amazingly，itonlytookbetweenfiveandsevenpeopletogettheparcelsdelivered，andoncereleased，theresultswerepublishedinthebimonthlymagazinePsychologyToday.令人驚訝的是，這些包裹只需通過5至7個人就能送到正確的人手中。結(jié)果一經(jīng)公布，便發(fā)表在雙月刊《今日心理學(xué)》上?！揪涫椒治觥縤tonlytookbetweenfiveandsevenpeopletogettheparcelsdelivered為ittakes...todosth結(jié)構(gòu)；oncereleased為狀語從句的省略。3Ittakes...todosth.花費……做某事。Ittookhimaboutthirtyminutestohavehisparceldeliveredinthepostoffice.他花了大約30分鐘才在郵局把包裹寄了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【學(xué)法點撥】該句型中it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式?！練w納拓展】sbspendssometime/moneyonsth某人在某事物上花一些時間/錢sbspendssometime/moneydoingsth某人花一些時間/金錢做某事sbpayssomemoneyforsth某人花一些錢買某物sthcostssbsomemoney某物花某人一些錢Ihatetospendalongperiodoftimeplayingcomputergames.我討厭花長時間玩電腦游戲。Hepaid$50forthedessertinthebakeryforhisgirlfriend.他花了50美元在面包店給他的女朋友買甜點。Theskirtcosther$100.這條裙子花了她100美元。選詞填空（take/spend/pay/cost）（1）Thegirloften

moneyonbookswhichshelikesverymuch.LastSundayit__________her10minutestogotothebookstoretobuyherfavouritebook.Whenshewasgoingto

forthebook，thesalesmantoldheritonly

halfthepricebecauseofthebrokencover.單句語法填空（2）AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey，childrenspentupto25hoursaweek

（watch）TV.（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Itonlytookhimafewminutes

（solve）thedisagreementbetweenhimandhiscolleague.（4）Howmuchdidyoupay

thebeautifulskirt?（5）

tookthelittleboynearlyhalfanhourtotakethetoyapart.spendstookpay

watchingtosolveforItcost教材原句Itwasthisresearchthatinspiredthephrase“SixDegreesofSeparation”.正是這項研究啟發(fā)了“六度分隔”這一說法?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫且粋€強調(diào)句，強調(diào)句子的主語thisresearch。4強調(diào)句型（1）基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他.”；若強調(diào)的是人，也可以用who替換that；（2）強調(diào)句的一般疑問句式是“Is/Wasit+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他？”；（3）強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句式是“疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他？”；若該結(jié)構(gòu)用于賓語從句，則要用陳述語序。Itwasinthegallerythathecameacrossoneofhisoldfriends.他是在畫廊里遇到了他的一位老朋友。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（強調(diào)狀語）Wasitbecauseofthedisagreementbetweenhimandhispartnerthattheydelayedtheproject?是不是因為他和他的合伙人意見不合，他們才推遲了這個項目？［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（強調(diào)狀語，一般疑問句式）Whatisitthatheisdoinginthesuburb?他正在郊區(qū)做什么？［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（強調(diào)賓語，特殊疑問句式）【學(xué)法點撥】判斷句子是不是強調(diào)句型的方法：去掉itis/was與that/who，剩余部分若結(jié)構(gòu)完整、句意明確，則為強調(diào)句型，否則就不是。單句語法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Itwaswhenheworkedinthecanteeninthecollege

hetaughthimselfEnglish.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ItismyEnglishteacherinseniorschool

isalwaysgivingmeencouragement.（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

wasinthegrocerythathepickedupawalletcontainingalargesumofmoney.用強調(diào)句型改寫［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hecameacrosshisclientwhenhehungoutinthesuburbyesterday.（4）

hecameacrosswhenhehungoutinthesuburbyesterday.（強調(diào)賓語）（5）

hecameacrosshisclient.（強調(diào)時間狀語）thatthat/whoIt

Itwashisclientthat/whoItwaswhenhehungoutinthesuburbyesterdaythat GrammarFOCUSONLANGUAGE：PASSIVEFORMSINTHEPAST1

Theconceptwasfirsttalkedaboutaslongagoasinthe1920s.2

Inthe1950s，anattemptwasmadebytwoscientiststoprovethetheorymathematically.3

Oncetheparcelhadbeenreceivedbythisperson，he/shewouldsendtheparcelontoacontactoftheirsuntiltheparcelcouldbepersonallydeliveredtothecorrectperson.4

Itsnamewasusedasthetitleofaplayandthenafilm.5

SoonthegamewasbeingplayedinuniversitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Readthesentences.Underlinethepassiveforms.Whattenseisusedineachsentence?Activity7______________________wastalkedabout（pastsimple）___________wasmade（pastsimple）_______________________________________hadbeenreceived（pastperfect），couldbedelivered（pastsimple）_________wasused（pastsimple）__________________wasbeingplayed（pastcontinuous）Readthedescriptionofa“SixDegreesofSeparation”experiment.Usethecorrectformoftheverbsinbracketstocompletethepassage.Activity8We1

（give）thetaskoffindingoutwhetherthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theoryworkedatourschool.We2

（tell）aboutthe“Small-world”experimentintheUnitedStates，wherepackages3

（send）fromonepersontoanotherwiththeaimofgettingittoastrangerintheend.Whiletheideabehindthisexperiment4____________________

（discuss）inourgroup，it5

（suggest）tousbyourteacherthatwetrysomethingsimilar.Sowedid.Wecouldn’tsendparcels，butwecouldsendletters.Tenvolunteers6_________

（choose）totakepartandthey7

（ask）towritealetterofintroductiontoanotherpersonintheschoolthattheydidn’tknowandthentochoosesomeonewhotheythought8________

（connect）tothatpersontogiveitto.Afteralltheletters9

（exchange）severaltimes，sevenoutofthetentargetpeopledidreceivetheirletterswithchainsoffiveorsixpeopleineachcase!Wethinkthismeansthatourexperimentwasasuccessanditsupportsthetheory.weregiven

weretoldhadbeensent

wasbeingdiscussedwassuggested

werechosenwereasked

wasconnectedwereexchangedSearchonlineandfinddetailsaboutthe“small-worldproblem”，“ColumbiaSmall-worldProject”orotherexperimentsrelatedtothetheory.Writeashortreportonyourfindings.Activity9GroupWorkDiscussanddecidewhatexperimentyoucancarryouttofindouthowmanydegreesofseparationtherearebetweenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachother.Consider：Activity10·howmanypeoplewillparticipateintheexperiment?·whatwilltheparticipantsdo?·howwillyoufindouttheresultsoftheexperiment?單元語法過去時的被動語態(tài)1被動語態(tài)的概念語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者時，為主動語態(tài)；當(dāng)主語是謂語動作的承受者時，為被動語態(tài)。2被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成（1）被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過助動詞be表現(xiàn)出來。Manytreeswereplantedonthehillyesterday.昨天山上種了許多樹。（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+being+及物動詞的過去分詞Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltinourschool.我們學(xué)校正在建一棟新的教學(xué)樓。（2）含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinnow.你的家庭作業(yè)必須現(xiàn)在上交。（2）過去時包括一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時和過去完成時，其被動語態(tài)分述如下：（1）一般過去時：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞Quiteafewmasterpiecespaintedbythefamouspainterweredisplayedinthegallerylastweek.這位著名畫家畫的許多杰作上周在美術(shù)館里展出了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）過去進(jìn)行時：was/were+being+及物動詞的過去分詞Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.那時我們城市正在建一座新工廠。（3）過去將來時：a.would/should+be+及物動詞的過去分詞

b.was/were+goingtobe+及物動詞的過去分詞Theytoldusthattheconflictwouldbesettledsoonandtheplanwouldbecarriedoutasplanned.他們告訴我們，沖突將很快得到解決，計劃將按計劃執(zhí)行。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.他以為你的表一小時后就會被修。（4）過去完成時：had+been+及物動詞的過去分詞Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.他說在這座城市里已經(jīng)建了一些新工廠?！菊`區(qū)警示】（1）“get+及物動詞的過去分詞”表被動。指主語遭遇變化或不好的事件。Hegotcaughtintherainlastnight.他昨晚被雨淋了。（2）動詞帶有雙賓語時，可把其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面，變?yōu)楸粍泳渲髡Z的通常是間接賓語。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.他媽媽送給他一件生日禮物。→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（也可改為Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.）（3）當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Themanagerfoundacooksmokinginthecanteenandfiredhimonthespot.經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)一個廚師在食堂抽煙，當(dāng)場解雇了他。=Acookwasfoundsmokinginthecanteenbythemanagerandwasfiredonthespot.一個廚師被經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)在食堂抽煙，當(dāng)場被解雇了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（4）在使役動詞have，make，let以及感官動詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后用不定式作賓語補足語時，to通常省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.有人看見一個陌生人走進(jìn)那棟大樓?！鶤strangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding（bysomeone）.（5）有些由“動詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的動詞詞組，也可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開，其中的介詞或副詞不能省略。MysisterwastakencareofbyGrandmawhenmyparentswentouttowork.我父母出去工作時，我妹妹由奶奶照顧。（6）“It+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+that從句/todosth.”是固定句型。Sinceitisbelievedthatstrongsmellscanaffectthesenses，volunteersarerequirednottoeatordrinkforeighthoursbeforetheexperiment.因為人們相信強烈的氣味會影響感官，所以志愿者們被要求在實驗前八小時內(nèi)不能進(jìn)食或飲水。 【誤區(qū)警示】（1）“get+及物動詞的過去分詞”表被動。指主語遭遇變化或不好的事件。Hegotcaughtintherainlastnight.他昨晚被雨淋了。（2）動詞帶有雙賓語時，可把其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面，變?yōu)楸粍泳渲髡Z的通常是間接賓語。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.他媽媽送給他一件生日禮物?！鶫ewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（也可改為Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.）（3）當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Themanagerfoundacooksmokinginthecanteenandfiredhimonthespot.經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)一個廚師在食堂抽煙，當(dāng)場解雇了他。=Acookwasfoundsmokinginthecanteenbythemanagerandwasfiredonthespot.一個廚師被經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)在食堂抽煙，當(dāng)場被解雇了。（4）在使役動詞have，make，let以及感官動詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后用不定式作賓語補足語時，to通常省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.有人看見一個陌生人走進(jìn)那棟大樓?！鶤strangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding（bysomeone）.（5）有些由“動詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的動詞詞組，也可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開，其中