廣西桂林市2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題【含答案解析】

2025年春季高三開學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測卷英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?A.Afridge.B.Adinnertable.C.Afewchairs.2.Whatistheman?A.AChineseteacherinaschool.B.AChineseteacherinauniversity.C.AnEnglishteacherinauniversity.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanoffice.C.Athome.4.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Asalesperson.B.Adoctor.C.Adriver.5.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheaccidenttookplace?A.Hewasridinghisbike.B.Hewasdrivingthecar.C.Hewassittingonthebus.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanadvisetheboytodo?A.Callthedoctorrightaway.B.Gotothenearestclinic.C.Havearestathome.7.Whydoestheboyrefusetoseethedoctortoday?A.Hedislikesseeingdoctors.B.Hewantstotakethetest.C.Hedidn’tmaketheappointment.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.What’stheman’smajor?A.English.B.Chinese.C.French.9.Whichisarequirementforthisjob?A.Studyingabroad.B.Workingwithchildren.C.Workinginatrainingcenter.10.Whenwillthemanbeoffwork?A.OnMondays.B.OnSaturdays.C.OnSundays.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthebandcareabout?A.Theenvironment.B.Thesociety.C.Theschool.12.Whoplaysthekeyboardintheband?A.Lucy.B.Ivan.C.Alice.13.What’sthewoman’sattitudetojoiningtheband?A.Indifferent.B.Uncertain.C.Positive.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhatkindofpersonisSusan?A.Outgoing.B.Unfriendly.C.Shy.15.HowisAnnagettingalongwithSusan?A.Verywell.B.Ratherbadly.C.Justokay.16.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.PlaywithAnna.B.MakeSusanfeelproud.C.TrytogetonwithSusan.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howlongwilltheexhibitionbeheld?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Aboutonemonth.C.Abouttwomonths.18.Whatwillbeondisplayintheexhibition?A.Oilpaintings.B.Clothes.C.Footballs.19WhatisLowry?A.Aticketseller.B.Astudent.C.Anartist.20.Whatisamustforastudenttobuytheticket?A.Atelephone.B.Astudentcard.C.Somerecentworks.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AEdinburghEssayAward2025ThecontestisorganizedbytheScottishArtsTrust,basedinEdinburgh,Scotland.TopicsandrequirementsThecompetitionwelcomesnon-fictionsubmissionsonabroadrangeoftopics.Weseekessaysonculturalsubjectssuchasart,literature,theatre,dance,music,andotherartisticexpressions-travelnarratives(故事)aboutlocations,individuals,andexperiences;profilesthatexploretheimpactofpeople—fromcommunityfigurestointernationalcelebrities;discussionsofenvironmentalissuesfromhouseholdtogloballevel;personalmemoirs(回憶錄)reflectingontransformativeexperiences;andexaminationsofphilosophical,historical,ormodern-daytopicsandmore.Entriesshouldbenomorethan2,000words.Photographsandgraphicillustrationswithinthebodyoftheessayarepermitted.Footnotesarenotpermitted.YourworkmustbeinEnglish,original,andunpublished.WhomayenterThecompetitionisopentoanyoneaged16andover.Entryfees,prizesandbursaries(獎學(xué)金)EntryFee:￡10peressay.Youmayenterasmanytimesasyouwish.Prizes·FirstPrize:￡1,000·SecondPrize:￡500·ThirdPrize:￡250Ourbursaryschemeoffersalimitednumberofbursariesfortalentedwriterswhoareunder-represented.Thesebursariesareopentoapplicantsworldwidewhofacechallengessuchaslowhouseholdincomediscriminationofanykind,disability,full-timecaregivingresponsibilities,orotherbarriers.Werequireyoutosubmittheworkforthecompetitionaspartofyourapplication.1.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Submittingessaysonculturalsubjects.B.Handinginanentrywithover2,000words.C.Offeringanarticleaboutafamouspeople.D.Writingtravelnarrativesaboutlocations.2.Howmuchwillasecond-prizewinnerberewardedwith?A.￡250. B.￡500. C.￡750. D.￡1,000.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthecompetition?A.Itprovidessomescholarships.B.Itwelcomessciencefiction.C.ItisorganizedbyacollegeinAmerica.D.Itisopentowritersofallages.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2025年愛丁堡寫作大賽的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Topicsandrequirements”部分中第二段“Entriesshouldbenomorethan2,000words.

(參賽作品不得超過2000個字。)”可知，參賽作品不得超過2000字，如果上交超過2000字的作品，將導(dǎo)致取消資格，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Entryfees,prizesandbursaries(獎學(xué)金)部分下的“·SecondPrize:￡500(二等獎：￡500)”可知，二等獎獲獎?wù)邔@得￡500，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourbursaryschemeoffersalimitednumberofbursariesfortalentedwriterswhoareunder-represented.Thesebursariesareopentoapplicantsworldwidewhofacechallengessuchaslowhouseholdincome,discriminationofanykind,disability,full-timecaregivingresponsibilities,orotherbarriers.

(我們的獎學(xué)金計劃為少數(shù)族裔的優(yōu)秀作家提供有限的獎學(xué)金。這些獎學(xué)金面向全球的申請人，他們面臨諸如低家庭收入、的歧視、殘疾、全職護(hù)理責(zé)任或其他障礙等挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，比賽提供了一些獎學(xué)金。故選A。BThenotebookstaredbackatme.Yellowingpaperandblack-and-whitephotographsspilledoutofitssides.InhandwrittenSpanish,thelabelonitscoverread“FamilyHistory”.Iopenedittothefirstpageandbegantoread.“I’mnotsurewhatitisthatI’mabouttowrite,butI’vehadthisideaforanumberofyears…”ThiswasclearlyGrandpa’shandwriting.InhisbasementinthesuburbsoutsideofLondonIreadoninsilence.Withinthefirstfewpagesofthenotebook,Grandpahadrecountedourfamily’shistory.WhatIheldinmyhandswasanoralhistory,consistingofdiaries,letters,andnewspapercuttingsfromGrandpa’sownyouth,atreasureofresearch.Ididn’ttellGrandpawhatI’dfoundinhisbasementuntilonedayhehappenedtoseemethere,withhisnotebookopenonthedesk.Myfacereddened.“I’vebeenlookingatyourwriting.It’sveryinteresting.”O(jiān)utofmyexpectation,hebrokeintoawidesmile,andhiseyeswelledupwithtears.Thenhebegantotellmethefamilystory,explainingthepartsIdidn’tunderstand.Asbothagrandsonandajournalist,Iaskedquestionsthatbroughtcolortothesehistories.Whydidmygreat-grandfatherleaveIraqinsuchahurryintheearly1900s?WhydidheworkasatravelingsalesmanintheremoteAndesMountains?Answerstothesequestionsbroughtmeasenseofexcitement,sortoflikeunlockinganewworld.Recently,IwastravelingthecountrytodiscussabookIwroteaboutmysearchacrossArgentinafortracesofmygreat-grandfather.WhatI’verealizedbytalkingwithothersisthattimeandenergyremainourbiggestbarrierstohearingourfamilies’stories.Theyaretheidentitieswecreateinworldsforeignandfamiliar,rememberednowbutforeveratriskofbeingforgotten.Ifeelluckytohaveaskedbeforeit’stoolate,beforethekeepersoftheanswersaregone.4.Whatdidtheauthorfindinhisgrandpa’sbasement?A.Alonglosthistorybook. B.Hiddenfamilytreasures.C.StoriescreatedbyGrandpa. D.Recordsoffamilyhistory.5.HowdidGrandpafeelwhenhesawtheauthorinthebasement?A.Embarrassedandshy. B.Sadandthenrelieved.C.Emotionalandpleased. D.Annoyedbutthenforgiving.6.Whatmaythefindinghaveinspiredtheauthortodo?A.Tobecomeabetterjournalist.B.Toinvestigatehisfamilyfurther.C.Todomoreinternationaltravel.D.Tocollectmoredyingfolkstories.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thebarriers. B.Peoplewetalkedwith.C.Thebookswewrote. D.Ourfamilies’stories.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在爺爺?shù)牡叵率依锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了一個記錄家族歷史的筆記本，這激發(fā)了他探尋家族歷史的熱情。同時，他慶幸在此時去探尋家族歷史，因為很多人還健在，歷史不會湮滅?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InhandwrittenSpanish,thelabelonitscoverread“FamilyHistory”(封面上的標(biāo)簽用手寫西班牙語寫著“家族歷史”。)”可知，作者在爺爺?shù)牡叵率依锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了家族歷史的記錄。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ididn’ttellGrandpawhatI’dfoundinhisbasementuntilonedayhehappenedtoseemethere,withhisnotebookopenonthedesk.Myfacereddened.“I’vebeenlookingatyourwriting.It’sveryinteresting.”O(jiān)utofmyexpectation,hebrokeintoawidesmile,andhiseyeswelledupwithtears.Thenhebegantotellmethefamilystory,explainingthepartsIdidn’tunderstand.(我沒有告訴爺爺我在他地下室里發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，直到有一天他碰巧看到我在那里，而他的筆記本正攤開在桌上。我的臉一下子紅了?！拔乙恢痹诳茨愕膶懽?。非常有趣?！背龊跷业囊饬?，他露出了燦爛的笑容，眼里泛起了淚光。然后，他開始給我講家族的故事，解釋那些我不明白的部分。)”可知，當(dāng)爺爺發(fā)現(xiàn)作者在悄悄閱讀他記錄家族歷史的筆記本時，他并沒有生氣，而是露出了笑容，眼里噙滿了淚水。由此可推知，爺爺當(dāng)時應(yīng)該是激動的和高興的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Recently,IwastravelingthecountrytodiscussabookIwroteaboutmysearchacrossArgentinafortracesofmygreat-grandfather.(最近，我在全國各地旅行，討論我寫的一本書，書中記錄了我在阿根廷尋找曾祖父蹤跡的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，作者曾在阿根廷探尋他的曾祖父的生活軌跡。由此可推知，閱讀爺爺?shù)墓P記本后，作者進(jìn)一步探尋了他的家族歷史。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“WhatI’verealizedbytalkingwithothersisthattimeandenergyremainourbiggestbarrierstohearingourfamilies’stories.(通過與他人的交流，我意識到時間和精力仍是我們聆聽家人故事的最大障礙。)”和劃線詞所在的句子“They

aretheidentitieswecreateinworldsforeignandfamiliar,rememberednowbutforeveratriskofbeingforgotten.(它們是我們在陌生又熟悉的世界中塑造的身份，此刻雖被銘記，卻永遠(yuǎn)面臨著被遺忘的風(fēng)險。）”可知，They指代上一句中的ourfamilies’stories。故選D。CGoodsportsmanshipisthepracticeofengaginginsportswithaspiritoffairness,respect,andgoodmanners,regardlessofthecompetitivepressure.Itrepresentsthespiritsofplayingbytherules,honoringbothteammatesandopponents,andexhibitinggracewhetherinvictoryordefeat.Thesignificanceofgoodsportsmanshipextendsfarbeyondtheplayingfield.Itisvitalformaintainingthespiritsandintegrityofsports.Athleteswhoexemplifygoodsportsmanshiphelptocreateacompetitivebutfriendlyenvironmentthatenhancestheenjoymentofthegameforeveryoneinvolved:players,coaches,officials,andsoon.Firstly,goodsportsmanshippromotesapositiveatmospherethatencourageseveryonetoparticipateandgivetheirbest.Itfostersasenseofcommunityandteamwork,whichiscrucialforcollectivesuccessinteamsports.Whenathletesdisplayrespectandfairness,ithelpstobuildtrustandstrengthensrelationshipsamongteammembers,whichcantranslateintobetterperformanceandmorecohesiveplay.Secondly,goodsportsmanshipservesasamodelforyoungerathletes,wholookuptohigher-levelplayersasrolemodels.Thebehaviorexhibitedbytheserolemodelscansignificantlyinfluencetheattitudesandactionsofyoungerparticipantstowardsthesportandcompetitioningeneral.Bypracticinggoodsportsmanship,seasonedathletessetastandardforupcominggenerations,teachingthemthatsuccessisnotjustaboutwinningbutabouthowyouplaythegame.Moreover,goodsportsmanshipisessentialforthereputationandsustainabilityofsports.Negativebehaviororunsportsmanlikeconductcandamagethepublicawarenessofasportandcanleadtodecreasedparticipationrates,sponsorship,andsupport.Incontrast,sportscharacterizedbyhighlevelsofsportsmanshiparemorelikelytobeviewedpositively,attractingmoreplayersandaudiences,andincreasingtheoverallreachandimpactofthesport.Inthisway,goodsportsmanshipnotonlyenhancespersonalandteamsuccessbutalsoupholdsthedignityandappealofsportsasawhole.Itensuresthatsportsremainavaluabletoolforteachingimportantlifeskillssuchasrespectandteamwork.8.Whatdoesparagraphlintendtotellus?A.Thecompetitivepressure.B.Goodmannersinthesportsfields.C.Theinfluenceofsportsmanship.D.Truemeaningofsportsmanship.9.Whyisgoodsportsmanshipbeneficialtoyoungerathletes?AItsetsagoodexampletothem.B.Itteachesthemhowtoplaywell.C.Itraisestheenjoymentofthegame.D.Itcreatesacompetitiveenvironment.10.Whydoestheauthormentionnegativebehaviorinsports?A.Totellacommonphenomenon.B.Tointroduceaclearcomparison.C.Tocriticizebadbehaviorinsports.D.Towarnusofunsportsmanlikeconduct.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatsportsmanshipincludes?B.Howwecanbuildsportsmanship?C.Whysportsmanshipisimportant?D.Whensportsmanshipgetsreflected?【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了良好體育精神的重要性，包括其對運(yùn)動環(huán)境、年輕運(yùn)動員的榜樣作用、以及對體育聲譽(yù)和可持續(xù)性的影響?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Goodsportsmanshipisthepracticeofengaginginsportswithaspiritoffairness,respect,andgoodmanners,regardlessofthecompetitivepressure.Itrepresentsthespiritsofplayingbytherules,honoringbothteammatesandopponents,andexhibitinggracewhetherinvictoryordefeat.Thesignificanceofgoodsportsmanshipextendsfarbeyondtheplayingfield.Itisvitalformaintainingthespiritsandintegrityofsports.(良好的體育精神是指在不受競爭壓力影響的情況下，以公平、尊重和禮貌的精神參與體育運(yùn)動。它代表著遵守規(guī)則、尊重隊友和對手的精神，無論在勝利還是失敗中都表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)雅。良好體育精神的意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了運(yùn)動場。對于維護(hù)體育的精神和完整性至關(guān)重要。)”可知，第一段主要解釋了良好體育精神的真正含義，即公平、尊重和禮貌的精神，以及它的重要性。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“goodsportsmanshipservesasamodelforyoungerathletes,wholookuptohigher-levelplayersasrolemodels.Thebehaviorexhibitedbytheserolemodelscansignificantlyinfluencetheattitudesandactionsofyoungerparticipantstowardsthesportandcompetitioningeneral.Bypracticinggoodsportsmanship,seasonedathletessetastandardforupcominggenerations,teachingthemthatsuccessisnotjustaboutwinningbutabouthowyouplaythegame.(良好的體育精神是年輕運(yùn)動員的榜樣，他們把高水平的運(yùn)動員視為榜樣。這些榜樣所展現(xiàn)的行為可以顯著影響年輕參與者對這項運(yùn)動和整體競爭的態(tài)度和行動。通過實踐良好的體育精神，經(jīng)驗豐富的運(yùn)動員為下一代樹立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，教導(dǎo)他們成功不僅僅是關(guān)于贏，而是關(guān)于你如何比賽。)”可知，良好的體育精神對年輕運(yùn)動員有益是因為它為他們樹立了一個好榜樣，教會他們成功不僅僅是贏得比賽，更在于如何比賽。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Negativebehaviororunsportsmanlikeconductcandamagethepublicawarenessofasportandcanleadtodecreasedparticipationrates,sponsorship,andsupport.”(負(fù)面行為或非體育行為可能會損害公眾對一項運(yùn)動的認(rèn)知，并可能導(dǎo)致參與率、贊助和支持的減少。)以及最后一段“Incontrast,sportscharacterizedbyhighlevelsofsportsmanshiparemorelikelytobeviewedpositively,attractingmoreplayersandaudiences,andincreasingtheoverallreachandimpactofthesport.”(相比之下，具有良好體育精神特征的運(yùn)動更有可能被視為積極的，吸引更多的運(yùn)動員和觀眾，并增加運(yùn)動的總體影響力和影響力。)”可知，作者提到體育運(yùn)動中的負(fù)面行為是為了與良好體育精神進(jìn)行對比，突出良好體育精神對體育運(yùn)動的積極影響。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了良好體育精神的重要性，包括其對運(yùn)動環(huán)境、年輕運(yùn)動員的榜樣作用、以及對體育聲譽(yù)和可持續(xù)性的影響，所以選項C“為什么體育精神很重要？”最能概括文章主旨，可以作為這篇文章的合適標(biāo)題。故選C。DAstronomershaveuncoveredthefeedingscheduleofasupermassiveblackhole,revealingthatitconsumesmaterialabouteverythreeandahalfyears.Thisdiscoveryprovidescriticalinsightsintothebehavioroftheseuniversalforces,deepeningscientists’understandingofthepowerfulformationsthatshapetheuniverse.Ateamofastronomersusedthreespacetelescopestomaketheseobservations,includingNASA’sChandraX-rayObservatory,withfindingspublishedinTheAstrophysicalJournalLettersonWednesday.Thesubjectofthisstudywasasupermassiveblackholelocatedatthecentreofagalaxy(星系)about860millionlight-yearsfromEarth.Withamassofabout50milliontimesthatoftheSun,thisblackholewasobservedengaginginaninteractionwithastartooclosetoitsimmensegravitationalpull.Astronomersfirstnoticedtheblackhole’sactivitywhenthegalaxyitresidesinexperiencedasignificantincreaseinbrightnessin2018.Theyidentifiedthisasatidaldisruption(中斷)event,whichoccurswhenastaristornapartbytheintensegravitationalforcesofablackhole.Asthestarwaspulledapart,itsmaterialheatedup,producingX-rayandultraviolet(紫外線的)lightthatwasobservedbythetelescopes.Thiseventuallyfaded,suggestingthattheblackholehadconsumedthematter.However,astronomersweresurprisedwhen,abouttwoyearslater,theX-rayandUVlightfromthegalaxyflashedagain.Thisunexpectedphenomenonsuggestedthatthestarhadbeenonlypartiallyconsumedduringitsfirstencounter,withmorematerialbeingtakenawayasitnearedtheblackholeagain.“Initially,wethoughtthiswasagarden-varietycaseofablackholetotallypullingastarapart,”saidThomasWeversfromtheSpaceTelescopeScienceInstituteinBaltimore.“Butinstead,thestarappearstobelivingtodieanotherday.”12.What’sthesignificanceofthediscoveryofthefeedingscheduleofablackhole?A.Itledtoscientists’discoveryofasupermassiveblackhole.B.Itmadetheformationoftheblackholeknowntoscientists.C.Itchangedscientists’viewsabouttheinfluenceofblackholes.D.Itbroadenedscientists’knowledgeofthepoweroftheuniverse.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immense”inparagraph3mean?A.Huge. B.Unsteady. C.Occasional. D.Unclear.14.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph4?A.Theblackholeshadfitfulforces. B.Thestarhadtheabilityofrebirth.C.Thestarpartlysurvivedblackholes. D.Thestarshonebeforebeingpulledapart.15.WhatdoThomasWevers’wordsinthelastparagraphindicate?A.Scientistsgainednewinsightsintotheblackholesandstars.B.Thenewdiscoveryconfirmedscientists’previoustheory.C.Allthediscoveryneededfurtherresearchtobeproven.D.Allstarsintheuniversewouldbeconsumedbytheblackholes.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一個超大質(zhì)量黑洞約每三年半吞噬一次物質(zhì)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)加深了科學(xué)家對宇宙力量的認(rèn)識?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisdiscoveryprovidescriticalinsightsintothebehavioroftheseuniversalforces,deepeningscientists’understandingofthepowerfulformationsthatshapetheuniverse.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為這些宇宙力量的行為提供了重要的見解，加深了科學(xué)家對塑造宇宙的強(qiáng)大構(gòu)造的理解)”可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)加深了科學(xué)家對宇宙力量的認(rèn)識。故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Withamassofabout50milliontimesthatoftheSun,thisblackholewasobservedengaginginaninteractionwithastartooclosetoits(這個黑洞的質(zhì)量大約是太陽的5000萬倍，它被觀測到與一顆離它……引力太近的恒星發(fā)生相互作用)”可知，這個黑洞的質(zhì)量很大，即引力很大，所以指它被觀測到與一顆離它巨大引力很近的恒星發(fā)生相互作用。劃線詞immense意為“巨大的”，與huge的意思相近。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thisunexpectedphenomenonsuggestedthatthestarhadbeenonlypartiallyconsumedduringitsfirstencounter,withmorematerialbeingtakenawayasitnearedtheblackholeagain.(這一意想不到的現(xiàn)象表明，這顆恒星在第一次相遇時只被部分吞噬，當(dāng)它再次接近黑洞時，更多的物質(zhì)被帶走)”可推知，作者暗示部分恒星在黑洞中幸存了下來。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Initially,wethoughtthiswasagarden-varietycaseofablackholetotallypullingastarapart,”saidThomasWeversfromtheSpaceTelescopeScienceInstituteinBaltimore.“Butinstead,thestarappearstobelivingtodieanotherday.”(巴爾的摩太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡科學(xué)研究所的托馬斯·韋弗斯說：“最初，我們認(rèn)為這是一個普通的黑洞將一顆恒星完全拉開的例子。但相反，這顆恒星似乎是在等待另一天的死亡。”)”可推知，科學(xué)家對黑洞和恒星有了新的認(rèn)識。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Throughoutourlives,thefearofbeingjudgedhascastalongandheavyshadow.Thisfear,oftenuniversal,isasignificantfactorinthedevelopmentofoursocialanxiety.____16____.Onlywhenweunderstandthiscanwetrulyovercomeit.Aself-imposed(自己強(qiáng)加的)restrictionAnxietyisamainsourceofunnecessarysuffering.Themomentaryfeelingsmerelyreflectthefleeting(短暫的)thoughtswehaveinaninstant.Itcanonlyexistwhenweidentifywithournegativethoughts.____17____.Thatistosay,anxietyisamentalconstructcreatedbyourselves,notanunavoidableemotion.Thegatewaytoself-healing____18____.Theresearchkeepsgrowing—healthybodybenefitsthemind.Experiencinganxietyisverycommon.Ifourbodiesareunhealthy,however,anytensionthatwefeelthroughfearfulthoughtscanbeamplified(放大)evenmore.Therefore,eatingwell,sleepingwell,andkeepingourphysicalbodiesingoodorderareessential.____19____Weoftenfallintothetrapofbelievingothers’negativejudgementorevencriticism,whichdirectlyruinsourconfidence.Whenotherssaysomethingunpleasanttous,wecanloseourselves.Actually,otherpeoplecan’tdirectlyaffectwhoweare.Weshouldlearntofreeourselvesfromthefalseviewpointthatothershaveanypoweroverhowwefeel.Understandingthesecanbeliberatingformostpeoplewhotakeotherjudgementveryseriously.Wecertainlycannotbelimitedbywhatotherssayorjudge.____20____.A.AcognitionofsocialanxietyB.MaintainingphysicalhealthiskeyC.There-comprehensionofthejudgementD.Onlywecantakeinnerfreedomawayfromourselves;nobodyelsecanE.Inthisway,anxietyisn’tevena“thing”,unlessweturnitintoa“thing”F.Whenwelistentoourinnerthought,itwillguideustowhatourbodyneedsG.However,itisnotthejudgementitself,butourmentalperceptionthatleadstotheanxiety【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了焦慮的根源，介紹了如何通過轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式找到內(nèi)心的平和?！?6題詳解】上文“Throughoutourlives,thefearofbeingjudgedhascastalongandheavyshadow.Thisfear,oftenuniversal,isasignificantfactorinthedevelopmentofoursocialanxiety.(在我們的一生中，被評價的恐懼投下了一道漫長而沉重的陰影。這種恐懼，通常具有普遍性，是我們社交發(fā)展的一個重要因素。)”指出被評價的恐懼很普遍，影響我們的社交發(fā)展，根據(jù)下文“Onlywhenweunderstandthiscanwetrulyovercomeit.(只有當(dāng)我們理解這一點時，我們才能真正克服它。)”可知，空處應(yīng)指出“這一點”的具體內(nèi)容，即懂得什么才能使我們真正克服被批評的恐懼，G項“但是，不是評價本身，而是我們的心理看法導(dǎo)致焦慮”，符合，故選G?！?7題詳解】由下文“Thatistosay,anxietyisamentalconstructcreatedbyourselves,notanunavoidableemotion.(也就是說，焦慮是我們自己創(chuàng)造的一種心理結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是一種不可避免的情緒)”可知，空處應(yīng)和下文表達(dá)意思一樣，指出焦慮是可以避免的，E項“這樣的話，除非我們把焦慮變成“事”，否則它根本算不上個“事””符合，故選E。【18題詳解】下文“Theresearchkeepsgrowing—healthybodybenefitsthemind.(不斷有研究表明——健康的身體對心靈有益。)”指出健康的身體是很重要的，B項“保持身體健康是關(guān)鍵。”符合，引起下文，故選B。【19題詳解】此處是本段小標(biāo)題，由下文“Weoftenfallintothetrapofbelievingothers’negativejudgementorevencriticism,whichdirectlyruinsourconfidence.Whenotherssaysomethingunpleasanttous,wecanloseourselves.Actually,otherpeoplecan’tdirectlyaffectwhoweare.Weshouldlearntofreeourselvesfromthefalseviewpointthatothershaveanypoweroverhowwefeel.(我們常常陷入相信他人負(fù)面評價甚至批評的陷阱，這直接摧毀了我們的自信。當(dāng)別人對我們說一些不愉快的話時，迷失自己。事實上，其他人不能直接影響我們是誰。我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會擺脫他人對我們感受有任何影響的錯誤觀點。)”可知，本段主要介紹了我們不要在乎他人的評價，C項“重新理解評價”符合，故選C?！?0題詳解】上文“Wecertainlycannotbelimitedbywhatotherssayorjudge.(我們當(dāng)然不能被他人所說的話或評價所限制。)”指出我們不能被他人所說的話或評價所限制，這是因為只有我們自己能控制自己，D項“只有我們自己能奪走我們的內(nèi)心自由；別人不能。”符合，進(jìn)一步重申了我們不能被他人的評價所限制，故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenIwasachild,Imetmycousin,Bruce,whowasfiveyearsolderthanme.Thoughourfamilieshad____21____backgrounds,wequicklybecamefriends.Bruce’sdadwasseverelydisabled,andit____22____hislifeinmanyways.Bruceandhismomfaced____23____fromthecommunity,buthealways____24____itwithstrength.Oneevening,afterabirthdayparty,BruceandIwereplayingagametoseewhocouldkeepabookontheirheadthelongest.Iwasdoingwell,butthenBrucelightly____25____mywrist.Ilost____26____andthebookfell.Iaccusedhimofcheating.Bruce____27____explained,“Ididn’tcheat.Ionlytappedyourwrist.Youletit____28____yourselfandlostthegame.”Hiswordsmademethinkcarefully.Brucetoldmehow____29____itwaswhenpeoplecalledhimnamesbecauseofhisdad’sdisability.Hesaid,“Iwantto_____30_____,butIknowitwouldonlymakethingsworse.Ihavetostay·_____31_____andfocusedandmoveforward.”Inodded,thoughIcouldn’tfully_____32_____hisfeelings.Overtime,wegrewapart,butIneverforgotthat_____33_____.Eventhoughwedon’tkeepintouchnow,Istillrememberthebook,balancingonmyhead,a_____34_____ofthestrengthheshowedinthefaceofdifficulty.IhopeheknowshowmuchIappreciatehim.Hisquiet_____35_____taughtmemorethananytextbook.21.A.familiar B.successful C.reliable D.different22.A.examined B.affected C.assessed D.improved23.A.challenges B.honors C.requirements D.promotions24.A.remembered B.believed C.handled D.judged25.A.touched B.compared C.matched D.watched26.A.excuse B.courage C.focus D.talent27.A.madly B.proudly C.shyly D.calmly28.A.copy B.surprise C.change D.cure29.A.hurtful B.careful C.confusing D.simple30.A.goaway B.benddown C.setout D.fightback31.A.regretful B.strong C.grateful D.nervous32.A.grasp B.replace C.predict D.record33.A.lecture B.request C.gift D.lesson34.A.principle B.secret C.reminder D.platform35.A.duty B.promise C.wisdom D.threat【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.C35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者兒時與表哥布魯斯相處的經(jīng)歷，以及布魯斯在面對困難時所展現(xiàn)出的堅強(qiáng)和智慧對作者產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我們的家庭背景不同，但我們很快就成了朋友。A.familiar熟悉的；B.successful成功的；C.reliable可靠的；D.different不同的。根據(jù)下文“Bruce’sdadwasseverelydisabled”以及“whenpeoplecalledhimnamesbecauseofhisdad’sdisability”可知，作者和布魯斯的家庭背景是不同的。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：布魯斯的父親有嚴(yán)重的殘疾，這在很多方面影響了他的生活。A.examined檢查；B.affected影響；C.assessed評估；D.improved改進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“Bruce’sdadwasseverelydisabled”可知，布魯斯的父親重度殘疾，這自然會在很多方面影響他的生活。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：布魯斯和他的媽媽面臨著來自社區(qū)的挑戰(zhàn)，但他總是用自己的力量來應(yīng)對。A.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B.honors榮譽(yù)；C.requirements要求；D.promotions升職。根據(jù)上文“Bruce’sdadwasseverelydisabled”可知，Bruce的父親是殘疾人，因此Bruce和媽媽會因照顧殘疾的父親而面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：布魯斯和他的媽媽面臨著來自社區(qū)的挑戰(zhàn)，但他總是用自己的力量來應(yīng)對。A.remembered記得；B.believed信心；C.handled處理，應(yīng)對；D.judged評判。根據(jù)下文“withstrength”可知，此處Bruce需要用自己的力量還因?qū)@些挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我做得很好，但布魯斯輕輕地碰了一下我的手腕。A.touched碰觸；B.compared對比；C.matched匹配；D.watched觀看。根據(jù)下文“Ididn’tcheat.Ionlytappedyourwrist.”可知，此處Bruce反駁說只是拍了一下，因此作者認(rèn)為Bruce碰到了自己，導(dǎo)致書的掉落。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我失去了專注，書掉了下來。A.excuse借口；B.courage勇氣；C.focus專注；D.talent天賦。根據(jù)后文“andthebookfell”可知，因為失去了專注，所以書掉了下來。故選C。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：布魯斯平靜地解釋說：“我沒有作弊。我只是輕拍了一下你的手腕。是你自己讓它掉下來，輸了比賽?！盇.madly瘋狂地；B.proudly自豪地；C.shyly害羞地；D.calmly冷靜地。根據(jù)下文“Ididn’tcheat.Ionlytappedyourwrist.”以及下文“Hisquiet___15__taughtmemorethananytextbook.”可知，Bruce在給作者解釋原因，quiet一詞暗示了Bruce此處在冷靜的解釋。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：布魯斯平靜地解釋說：“我沒有作弊。我只是輕拍了一下你的手腕。是你自己讓它掉下來，輸了比賽?！盇.copy復(fù)制；B.surprise使……驚訝，使……意外；C.change改變；D.cure治愈。根據(jù)下文“yourselfandlostthegame”可知，布魯斯說作者自己讓書掉下來，輸了比賽，即作者自己讓這意外發(fā)生了。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：句意：布魯斯告訴我，當(dāng)人們因為他爸爸的殘疾而罵他時，他有多難過。A.hurtful傷害的；B.careful仔細(xì)的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.simple簡單的。根據(jù)后文“whenpeoplecalledhimnamesbecauseofhisdad’sdisability”可知，因為父親殘疾而被人辱罵，這對布魯斯來說是受到傷害的。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他說：“我想反擊，但我知道那只會讓事情變得更糟。A.goaway走開；B.benddown彎腰；C.setout出發(fā)；D.fightback反擊。根據(jù)下文“butIknowitwouldonlymakethingsworse”可知，布魯斯想反擊，但知道那只會讓事情變得更糟。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我必須保持堅強(qiáng)和專注，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。A.regretful后悔的；B.strong堅強(qiáng)的；C.grateful感激的；D.nervous緊張的。根據(jù)上文“buthealways___4__itwithstrength”可知，布魯斯總是保持堅強(qiáng)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我點了點頭，盡管我不能完全理解他的感受。A.grasp抓住，理解；B.replace替換；C.predict預(yù)測；D.record記錄。根據(jù)上文“Inodded,though”可知，作者認(rèn)可Bruce對待挑戰(zhàn)的做法，though一詞暗示，雖然認(rèn)可他的做法，但是不完全理解他的感受。故選A。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，我們漸漸疏遠(yuǎn)了，但我從未忘記那個教訓(xùn)。A.lecture演講；B.request請求；C.gift禮物；D.lesson教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)下文“Eventhoughwedon’tkeepintouchnow,Istillrememberthebook,balancingonmyhead”可知，作者仍然記得當(dāng)初頭頂頂書這個游戲以及游戲給自己帶來的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。故選D?！?/p>