2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文講義（含練習(xí)題及答案）

2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文講義

【說(shuō)明文專題內(nèi)容】

1.說(shuō)明文定義：解釋說(shuō)明某種事物或事例的一種文體。

2.說(shuō)明文目的：分享信息，讓讀者了解某方面或某領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)。

3.說(shuō)明文分類：

科技試驗(yàn)類

⑴Introduceaparticularobject介紹具體實(shí)物

(2)Dcscribcaphenomenon描述現(xiàn)象

?3)Explainaproblem解釋問題

<4)Giveinformationofstudyfindings介紹研究發(fā)展

i5)Introduceamethodorprocess介紹方法或過程

i6)Comparethecontrasttwoitems比較異同

生品介紹類

生品的功能、特性、川途；②操作步驟；③工作原理

4.文章語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

一核為什圍繞“立德樹人、服務(wù)選才、引導(dǎo)教學(xué)選所取語(yǔ)篇主題積極向上、聯(lián)系生活、有思維含量、

么考話題覆蓋德智體美勞全人發(fā)展各個(gè)方面。

(1)數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)話；(2)引語(yǔ)較多，且直接引語(yǔ)更重要；(3)長(zhǎng)難句多；(4)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多。

5.說(shuō)明文在行文結(jié)構(gòu)上常使用以下說(shuō)明方法

⑴描述法：包括舉例子、下定義、列數(shù)據(jù)等⑵因果法［causeandeffect)

(3)問題與對(duì)策法(problemandsolution)

6.說(shuō)明文的命題區(qū)域

(1)在列舉處命題：(2)在例證處命題；(3)在轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比處命題(4)在比較處命題;

(5)在長(zhǎng)難句中命題。

【英語(yǔ)一核四層四翼在閱讀理解一說(shuō)明文中的體現(xiàn)】

核心價(jià)值從，，人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我”三大主題全面考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)能力，

在鞏固德育、堅(jiān)守智育的基礎(chǔ)上，加強(qiáng)對(duì)健康意識(shí)、審美情趣和勞動(dòng)精神的考

查。

學(xué)科素養(yǎng)閱讀理解突出學(xué)生的思辨能力包括分析、推理和判斷；理解文化內(nèi)涵，

四層考

什比較異同，汲取精華，尊重差異。

么關(guān)鍵能力英語(yǔ)學(xué)科聽說(shuō)讀寫四項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵能力，其中讀是基礎(chǔ)也是重中之重，主要是閱讀中知

識(shí)信息獲取能力和思維認(rèn)知能力0

學(xué)生應(yīng)能：

1）理解主旨要義；2）理解文中具體信息；

3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義；5）做出判斷和推理；

6）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；7）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。

必備知識(shí)英語(yǔ)3000詞匯、常用句式表達(dá)、長(zhǎng)難句分析和主題詞匯

【備考建議及要求】

（1）詞匯：必備知識(shí)之基礎(chǔ)詞匯必須過關(guān)，集中排查常見說(shuō)明文詞匯。

（2）長(zhǎng)難句：依托分析長(zhǎng)難句的方法，提高自己的信息獲取、理解和掌握能力。

（3）文章結(jié)構(gòu)：深度學(xué)習(xí)文章，要能夠總結(jié)文章的基木結(jié)構(gòu)，辨析具體細(xì)節(jié)信息。經(jīng)常用自己的語(yǔ)言對(duì)文

章進(jìn)行概述，有意提升自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。

《）重視語(yǔ)篇情境，養(yǎng)成分析文章核心價(jià)值、作者寫作意圖的習(xí)慣，批判性地認(rèn)識(shí)文中的主旨，并通過自

己的邏輯思辨，發(fā)散地、逆向地解決問題。

一、高考說(shuō)明文——高考怎么考

A【2022全國(guó)乙】

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,

helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesin

thesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）

worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesame

thingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailway

tracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanheinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityand

on-timcperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）across

theboard.

第2頁(yè)共37頁(yè)

Thalincludeshugesavingsinmainlenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,

detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,drones

fbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthe

future.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammed(orunautonomously.Verysmall

droneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheir

abilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones5abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Drones'reliableperformance:nremoteareas.

2.Whatdoesllmaintenance^^underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsfbrihecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

B【2020全國(guó)新高考I卷】

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,

physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.IIcnccthisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmong

theGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,where

millionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingto

astrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickedup

hiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.

InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬禮）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpaksian,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmiles

fromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellas

hisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

5.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends,invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

8.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

C12022全國(guó)新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m”and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdie（-relaiedchangesinhumanbiteled（onewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"F'

and"v"，weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DainianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊）,makingit

第4頁(yè)共37頁(yè)

hard（oproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerlipto（heupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseofand'V'increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

9.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfbcuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

10.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

11.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

12.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

D12020全國(guó)新高考I卷】

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsof

oureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoid

eatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedto

avoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthe

first,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudy

aboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhired

bytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecases

sheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,taking

morefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheother

case,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttook

significantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwc'rcmakingdecisions.Ifthis

fellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhatshe'shaving“effect.However,we'll

adjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion.TilholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresults

ofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordiibcanpoles^^inparagraphIrefer:o?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

16.Onwhatbasisdovve“adjusttheinfluence“accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

E【2021全國(guó)乙】

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenterocean

ecosystemseveryyear.Butdocsoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWong

第6頁(yè)共37頁(yè)

wantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examine

theirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled^Strawpocalypse/'apairof1O-foot-tallplastic

waves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,the

sculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來(lái)源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseof

theirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat*spartofVbnWong'sartworklikelycame

fromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiesto

disappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VbnWongwantedtoillustrate（說(shuō)明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,a

truckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupof

volunteerscollectedmorethan10,00（）piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeen

dumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VbnWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

17.WhatareVbnWong'sartworksintendedfbr?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

18.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

19.Whateffectwould"TruckloadcfPlastic"haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.DisturbingC.RefreshingD.Challenging.

20.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

一、各地市模擬試題

A

Peopledophysicalexerciseaspartoftheirhealthylifestyletogetstrongerandhealthier.

Therearethreebasicmodesofphysicalexercise:flexibilityexercisehelpsthehumanbodyingeneralorits

partinparticulartobeabletoreachfartherandbendbetter;aerobicexercisehelpsthebodyworkhardforalong

time;anaerobicexercisemakesthearmsandlegsstronger.

Ithaslongbeenknownthatexerciseisnotonlygoodforyourbody,butalsoforyourmind.Accordingto

researchers,gymnastsarcmorelikelytobeemotionallystable,food)allplayersthemostoutgoingandswimmers

thehappiest.

Thepsychologicalstudy,whichwascarriedoutbyexperts,alsorevealedthatsportscanalsooffercluestoa

person'sattitudetocharity,readinghabitsandeventheirvotingintentions.Boxers,forexample,aremostlikelyto

focusonmaterialpossessionsinlife.Meanwhile,runnerstendtobeoutgoingpeoplewholovebeingthecentreof

attention.Walkers,agroupthatincludesthosewhoenjoywanderingandcross-countryraces,areleastconcerned

aboutotherpeopleandlikedoingthingsbythemselveswithoutinterruptionfromothers.Thosewhoplaychess

areconfidentwhentheyfacechallengesandtrouble.Thosewhoswimtendtobetidyandcharitable.However,

accordingtoMindLab,61percentofadultsarefondofhelpingothersregardlessoftheirchoiceofsports.

Theresultsfrom(hisstudyalsoshowthatnomatterwhatkindofpersonyouare,(hereistherightkindof

exercisefbryou.

1.Whichofthefollowingsportsbelongstoflexibilityexercise?

A.RunningB.Swimming.C.Football.D.Gymnastics.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Walkersenjoylonelinessintheirlives.B.Boxerstendtoignorewealthinlife.

C.Runnershavegreatpowerofconcentration.D.Chessplayerslikechallengingotherpeople.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionMindLabinParagraph4?

A.Tbmakeacontrast.B.Todrawacomparison.

C.lbplaceanemphasis.D.Togiveanexample.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

第8頁(yè)共37頁(yè)

A.Howcanyouchoosesuitablesports?

B.Whatkindofsportscanbeneftyoumost?

C.Howcansportskeepyoumentallyhealthy?

D.Whatdoesyourchoiceofsportstellaboutyou?

Insurancecompaniesarestaringtousesmartboxtechnology,sogooddriverscanbenefitfromcheap

insurancerates.

Thesmartbox,similartoablackboxforairplanes,recordsde:ailsabouthowyourcarisdriven,whichcan

resultincheapcarinsuranceforresponsibledrivers.Thedeviceisconnectedtotheelectronicsinyourcarand

collectsawidecriterionofinformationsuchastime,speed,braking,cornering,accelerationandlocation.It'slike

havinganinsuranceagentsittingbesideyouwhiledriving.

Thesmartboxdataiswirelesstransferredinrealtimetotheinsurancecompanyandprovidesaprofileof

when,whereandhowyoudrive.Thisprofileisthenusedtocompareinsuranceratesandtorewardlow-risk

drivingbehaviorwithcheapinsurancerates.

Driversarehigh-riskwhentheydriveirresponsiblysuchasspeeding,frequentlanechanging,drivingin

high-risklocationsorathigh-risktimessuchasinheavytrafficorlateatnight.

Thesenewelectronicinventionsarcintendedtoreplacethestandardpracticeofcategorizingdriversinto

groupbehaviortodetermineinsurancecoverageandpremium（保費(fèi)）payments.Forexample,youngdriversare

morelikelytodrivefast,driveatrightanduseacellphonewhiledriving.Statistically,youngdriversaremore

likelytocauseanaccident,soinsurancecompanieschargethemhigherratestocoverthecostsofaccidentclaims.

Soevenifyou'reayoung,responsibledriver,youwillpayhighinsuranceratesbecauseofgroupbehavior.

Thistechnologyallowsyou:oprovideproofthatyourdrivingbehaviordoesn'tfitthepatternofyour

demographic（統(tǒng)i|）group.

Alltheinformationcollectedaboutyourdrivingcanbeviewedonline—includingwhatyou'redoingwelland

whatcouldbeimproved.Yourinsurancepremiumisthencalculatedaccordingtoyourdrivingprofile.

5.Whatwillagooddriverbenefitfromthesmartbox?

A.Fewertrafficaccidents.B.Bettertrafficorder.

C.Lowerinsurancepayment.D.Lesspetrolusedindriving.

6.Howdoestheinsurancecompanymonitorthedriving?

A.Bycheckingthedeviceinthecar.B.Bysittingbesidethedriver.

C.Bywatchingthetrafficontheroads.D.Bycollectingthedrivingdataonline.

7.Whatwilltheuseofsmartboxesbringabout?

A.Bettersen1iceIbrcars.B.Lowerpricesofpetrol.

C.Moreconvenienttransport.D.Marereasonableinsurancecharge.

8.Whatcanweinferaboutthesmartboxfromthetext?

A.Itrequiresbetterdrivinghabits.B.Itsavesthedriversalotoftime.

C.Ithelpsthedriversuselessenergy.D.Ittakestheplaceofthetrafficpolice.

C

ResearchersfromtheFrenchNationalCentreforScientificResearch(CNRS)discoveredthaantspecies

Formicafuscahasawell-developecsenseofsmell.Itwasabletodistinguishcancerouscellsfromhealthycellsin

humans.Butmoreclinicaltestsmustbecarriedoutbeforethefindingscouldbeusedinclinicalsettingslike

hospitals,theteamsaid.

Intheresearch,thescientistsperformedtestswith36ants,smeJingcellsunderalaboratorysetting.First,the

antswereexposedtothesmellofasampleofcanceroushumancells.Thisodor(氣叫三)wasthenassociatedwitha

rewardofsugarsolution.Then,theresearchersexposedtheantstotwodifferentodors.Onewasanewsmelland

theotherwasthesmellofthecancerouscells.Oncethistestwassuccessful,theresearchersexposedtheantsto

differentcancerouscells.Assuch,thescientistsfoundthatuantsdiscriminatebetweencancerousandhealthy

cellsandbetweentwocancerouslines.Aftertraining,Formicafuscaantsareabletodetectvolatileorganic

compoundsofcancerouscells.

Thisstudyshowsthatantsarccapableoflearningveryquickly,atlowercost,andareefficient,pointsout

CNRSinanewsrelease.Thisisn'tthefirsttimethatscientistshaveusedanimalstolocatecancerouscells.Dogs'

nosesarewellsuitedformedicald.agnosisandusedforthedetectionofcancer-specific.However,rrainingthem

todosorequiresseveralmonthstoayear.

Ontheotherhand,insectscanbeeasilyraisedincontrolledconditions.Theyareinexpensive,andhavea

verywell-developedsmellsystem.Hundredsofindividualscanbeconditionedwithveryfewtrials.Antstherefore

representafast,efficient,inexpensiveandhighlydiscriminantdetectiontoolfordetectionofcancercell,theteam

explained.

9.Whatdoweknowaboutthefindings?

A.Theyarethefirstfindingsinanimals.B.Theycanbeused(otreatcancer.

C.Theyareusefulinvarietiesoffields.D.Theyneedfurtherexperiments.

10.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theresearchtoolsandmethods.B.Theprocessoftheresearch.

C.Theapplicationofthefindings.D.Formicafiisca'smagicpower.

11.Inwhichaspectarcantsbetterthandogsaccordingtotheresearch?

第10頁(yè)共37頁(yè)

A.Theyhaveasharpersenseofsmell.B.Theyaremoreintelligentthandogs.

C.Theytakelesstimetobetrained.D.Theyperformbetterinlaboratorysettings.

12.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrcm?

Aguidebook.B.Anovel.C.Adiary.D.Amagazine.

D

Whileitmaysoundlikesomethingthathascrawledoutofyournightmares,cyborgcockroaches(螳螂)have

arrivedasfriendsratherthanfoes.Scientistshavedesignedanewremotecontrolledinsect,equippedwitha

battery“backpack”thatispoweredbysolarpanels.

Thecockroach,whichispartinsectandpartmachine,isintendedtoenterdangerousareas,monitorthe

environmentorundertakesearchandrescuemissionswithoutbeingrecharged.Theresearchershadtoinstallsome

componentsintoatinypacktoallowforthecockroach'snaturalmovements.

Thecockroachesarcstillalive,butsensoryorgansattachedtotheendoftheirbodiessendelectricalimpulses

thatcausetheinsecttomoverightorleft.Abatteryisnecessaryforthesendingandreceivingoftheseelectrical

signals,whichneedstobechargedup.Whileit'spossibletobuilddockingstationsforrecharging(hebattery,they

needtoreturnanditcoulddisrupttime-sensitivemissions.Tosolvetheloughproblem,theteamwantedtocreate

amorepracticalversionthatdoesnotneedtoreturntoadockingstationwhenitrunsoutofpower.

Therefore,theydesignedanon-boardsolarcellthatcouldcontinuouslyensurethatthecockroachstays

chargedwhileitworks.However,cockroacheshavealimitedsurfaceareaavailableforallthecomponents

necessarytomoveitslegsandkeepitpowered.Thesolutionwastodesignaspecialttbackpack^^thatcouldneatly

carryboththewirelessleg-controlmoduleandrechargeablebatteryThiswasattachedtothetopoftheinsecton

itsfront,andwas3Dprintedtofitperfectlytothecurvedsurfaceofcockroach.Itallowedfor(hiselectronic

devicetobestablyfixedontheinsectforoveramonth,whileleavingenoughspacetoimplantthesolarpanel.

Famouslyabletosurviveanuclearwar,cockroacheshavebeentheinspirationforanumberoftechnologies

inrecentyears.Differentteamsofscientistshavedesignedremote-controlledrobo-bugsthatcanclimbwalls,

carryobjectsandfindhumansduringsearch-and-rescuemissions.

13.Whatisacyborgcockroach?

A.Atinybackpackwithasolarpanel.B.Arobotworkingasapowerstation.

C.Akindofbugdiscoveredbyscientists.D.Aninsectremote-controlledbyhumans.

14.Whatisabigchallengetocreatecyborgcockroaches?

A.Thecomponentsaretoosmall.B.Rechargingcandelayurgenttasks.

C.Sendingelectricalimpulsesisdangerous.D.Theirorganscan*treceivesignalstimely.

15.Whatdowcknowaboutthecyborgcockroachesinparagraph4?

A.Thespecialbackpackisfixedontheirlegs.B.3Dprintingsolvesallproblemsperfectly.

C.Theyhavealimitedsurfacetostorepower.D.Theycanstillgetchargedwhileworking.

16.Whatisthebesttitleofthe