教學課件-物流英語

物流英語2015年8月授課方式課堂講授課堂討論、PPT分組展示考核與成績平時成績40％；期末考試60％考核方式：平時表現、作業(yè)+期末閉卷考試Chapterone

IntroductionofLogisticsText1:Logistics:whatitis

Text2:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemSupplementaryreading:CareerinLogistics

LearningobjectiveTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsToUnderstandasimplelogisticscontractTolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystemToknowaboutlogisticscareerTextOne:Logistics:whatitisKeytermsLogistics物流definitionoflogistics物流的定義CouncilofLogisticsManagement(CLM)

物流管理flowandstorageofgoods物品的流動和存儲plan,implementandcontrol計劃，實行和控制customerrequirements客戶需求

whatislogistics?

DefinitionprovidedbyCSCM(CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals)logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Analysisoflogisticsdefinitionlogisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Thatmeans—logisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwoAnalysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Definitionalsorefersto“efficientandeffectiveflowandstorage”.Question:whatisthedifferencesbetweenthesetwowords“efficient”and“effective”?Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Thedefinitionalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation.”Thatmeans--logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.Advancesininformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasy—andlesscostly—forcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticaldecision.Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Finally,thedefinitionindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Thisimpliesthatlogisticsstrategiesandplansshouldbebaseduponcustomerwantsandneeds.Notes:1.LogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughitisanythingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessof,andknowledgeaboutlogistics.物流是一個中國乃至全世界的熱門話題。雖然它已經不是一個新生事物了，但是不少人對物流的認識仍然有限。beawareofsomething：意識到Example:Johnhasbeenawareofhavingdonesomethingwrong.約翰已意識到自己做錯了事情。2.Toavoidpotentialmisunderstandingaboutthemeaningoflogistics,thisbookadoptsthecurrentdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)——oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionals.為了避免可能發(fā)生的對物流含義的誤解，本書采用美國供應鏈管理專業(yè)協會（前身為美國物流管理協會）目前的定義，該協會是全世界物流專業(yè)領域中最著名的組織。toavoidsomething(doingsomething)避免，避開Example:Shetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.她試圖避而不答我的問題。3.Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.物流是計劃實施和控制商品的快速、高效流動和儲存，以及從源頭到消費的服務和信息的全過程，以滿足客戶的需求。這里我們要注意efficientandeffective這兩個詞的區(qū)別：Efficient指的是效率高的,有能力的，而effective強調的是有效的，有影響的。4.First,logisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”O(jiān)fparticularimportanceistheword“and”,whichsuggeststhatlogisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwo.首先，物流是“計劃，執(zhí)行與控制”。特別重要的是這個“與”字，它指出物流應該包括所有這三方面——計劃，執(zhí)行和控制——而不僅僅是其中一個或兩個方面。TopicforDiscussion:

討論話題1.Islogisticsanewconcept?Ifitisnot,doyouknowanythingabouttheoriginandhistoryoflogistics?Pleasesharetheinformationyouhavewithyourgroupmember.

2.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheliteralmeaningoflogistics?TextTwo:

ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystem

KeyTerms: demandforecasting需求預測transportation運輸

warehousing倉儲inventorymanagement庫存管理materialhandling物料搬運packaging包裝informationprocessing信息處理procurement采購productionplanning生產計劃customerservice客戶服務Logisticalactivities:Activitiesinclude:demandforecasting,transportation,warehousing,inventorycontrol,materialhandling,packaging,informationprocessing,procurement,productionplanning,customerservice……DemandforecastingDemandforecastingreferstoeffortstoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Question:Whydemandforecastingisimportantforacompany?LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookTransportation:

Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionitinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.TransportationisoftenthemostcostlylogisticsactivityInventoryManagement

Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.Warehousing

Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystemPackaging

Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.Industrialpackagingfocusonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedandstored.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.Materialshandling

Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).Question:whymanagerstendstotominimizethenumberofhandlingwheneverpossible.

LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookInformationmanagementInformationiswhatlinksallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.firmsarelinkingtheirinternallogisticsinformationsystemswiththoseoftheirsuppliers,customersandotherpartner.Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.ProcurementProcurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.ProductionplanningItcanbeconcludedunderlogisticsbecausemanufacturingneedcomponentandrawmaterialsinordertomikefinishedgoodsthatare,inturn,demandedbyacustomer.CustomerserviceCustomerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.Note1.Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.存貨指的是為不同目的而保留的儲存貨物，例如要轉賣給他人的貨物，用于支持生產或組裝過程的貨物。Avarietyof種種，若干。2.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.倉庫指的是一段時間內用來存儲存貨的地方。在過去的十年中，倉儲在現代物流系統中的角色發(fā)生了重要的變化。Withrespectto關于，至于。3.Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.包裝包括營銷包裝（消費包裝）和物流包裝（工業(yè)包裝）兩種類型。4.Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).物資搬運指的是產品在同一設施（如工廠，倉庫）內的短距離移動。5.Procurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.采購是指從公司外部購買原材料，零部件以支持公司的運作。6.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.

客戶服務包括要以恰當的成本使恰當的客戶在恰當的時間，恰當的地點以恰當的狀況和恰當的價格收到他想要的（恰當的）產品。這7個恰當“rights”就是物流服務的核心理念，他和CSCMP所定義的物流的目的，任務是吻合的，只是關注的角度不同，因此也有學者用這7個“恰當”來定義“物流”這個概念。Exercises:

PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1)Forexample,ifacompanypromisesthatallorderswillbeshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt,whatpercentageofordersareactuallyshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt?2)Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption,itinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.3)Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.4)Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.5)Weshouldkeepinmindthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies.Thenumberofactivitiesinalogisticssystemcanvaryfromcompanytocompany.DebatePropositions: 1.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyCSCMP,thepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Buthowaboutthecompany’sneedandbenefit?Ifwealwaysfocusonmakingthecustomershappy,thecompany’sprofitmightdrop.Whatisyourideaaboutthisdilemma(進退兩難的局面,困難的選擇)?2.Somepeoplethinklogisticalprofessionalsshouldgethighersalary,

doyouagree?方式課堂講授課堂討論考核與成績平時成績20％；期末考試80％考核方式：平時作業(yè)+期末閉卷考試Chapterone

OverviewofLogisticsText1:Logistics:whatitis

Text2:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemSupplementaryreading:CareerinLogistics

LearningobjectiveTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsTolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystemToknowaboutlogisticscareer

TextOne:Logistics:whatitisKeytermsLogistics物流definitionoflogistics物流的定義CouncilofLogisticsManagement(CLM)

物流管理flowandstorageofgoods物品的流動和存儲plan,implementandcontrol計劃，實行和控制customerrequirements客戶需求

whatislogistics?

DefinitionprovidedbyCSCM(CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals)logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Analysisoflogisticsdefinitionlogisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Thatmeans—logisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwoAnalysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Definitionalsorefersto“efficientandeffectiveflowandstorage”.Question:whatisthedifferencesbetweenthesetwowords“efficient”and“effective”?Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Thedefinitionalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation.”Thatmeans--logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.Advancesininformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasy—andlesscostly—forcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticaldecision.Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Finally,thedefinitionindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Thisimpliesthatlogisticsstrategiesandplansshouldbebaseduponcustomerwantsandneeds.Notes:1.LogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughitisanythingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessof,andknowledgeaboutlogistics.物流是一個中國乃至全世界的熱門話題。雖然它已經不是一個新生事物了，但是不少人對物流的認識仍然有限。beawareofsomething：意識到Example:Johnhasbeenawareofhavingdonesomethingwrong.約翰已意識到自己做錯了事情。2.Toavoidpotentialmisunderstandingaboutthemeaningoflogistics,thisbookadoptsthecurrentdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)——oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionals.為了避免可能發(fā)生的對物流含義的誤解，本書采用美國供應鏈管理專業(yè)協會（前身為美國物流管理協會）目前的定義，該協會是全世界物流專業(yè)領域中最著名的組織。toavoidsomething(doingsomething)避免，避開Example:Shetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.她試圖避而不答我的問題。3.Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.物流是計劃實施和控制商品的快速、高效流動和儲存，以及從源頭到消費的服務和信息的全過程，以滿足客戶的需求。這里我們要注意efficientandeffective這兩個詞的區(qū)別：Efficient指的是效率高的,有能力的，而effective強調的是有效的，有影響的。4.First,logisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”O(jiān)fparticularimportanceistheword“and”,whichsuggeststhatlogisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwo.首先，物流是“計劃，執(zhí)行與控制”。特別重要的是這個“與”字，它指出物流應該包括所有這三方面——計劃，執(zhí)行和控制——而不僅僅是其中一個或兩個方面。TopicforDiscussion:

討論話題1.Islogisticsanewconcept?Ifitisnot,doyouknowanythingabouttheoriginandhistoryoflogistics?Pleasesharetheinformationyouhavewithyourgroupmember.

2.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheliteralmeaningoflogistics?TextTwo:

ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystem

KeyTerms: demandforecasting需求預測transportation運輸

warehousing倉儲inventorymanagement庫存管理materialhandling物料搬運packaging包裝informationprocessing信息處理procurement采購productionplanning生產計劃customerservice客戶服務Logisticalactivities:Activitiesinclude:demandforecasting,transportation,warehousing,inventorycontrol,materialhandling,packaging,informationprocessing,procurement,productionplanning,customerservice……DemandforecastingDemandforecastingreferstoeffortstoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Question:Whydemandforecastingisimportantforacompany?LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookTransportation:

Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionitinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.TransportationisoftenthemostcostlylogisticsactivityInventoryManagement

Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.Warehousing

Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystemPackaging

Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.Industrialpackagingfocusonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedandstored.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.Materialshandling

Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).Question:whymanagerstendstotominimizethenumberofhandlingwheneverpossible.

LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookInformationmanagementInformationiswhatlinksallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.firmsarelinkingtheirinternallogisticsinformationsystemswiththoseoftheirsuppliers,customersandotherpartner.Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.ProcurementProcurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.ProductionplanningItcanbeconcludedunderlogisticsbecausemanufacturingneedcomponentandrawmaterialsinordertomikefinishedgoodsthatare,inturn,demandedbyacustomer.CustomerserviceCustomerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.Note1.Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.存貨指的是為不同目的而保留的儲存貨物，例如要轉賣給他人的貨物，用于支持生產或組裝過程的貨物。Avarietyof種種，若干。2.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.倉庫指的是一段時間內用來存儲存貨的地方。在過去的十年中，倉儲在現代物流系統中的角色發(fā)生了重要的變化。Withrespectto關于，至于。3.Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.包裝包括營銷包裝（消費包裝）和物流包裝（工業(yè)包裝）兩種類型。4.Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).物資搬運指的是產品在同一設施（如工廠，倉庫）內的短距離移動。5.Procurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.采購是指從公司外部購買原材料，零部件以支持公司的運作。6.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.

客戶服務包括要以恰當的成本使恰當的客戶在恰當的時間，恰當的地點以恰當的狀況和恰當的價格收到他想要的（恰當的）產品。這7個恰當“rights”就是物流服務的核心理念，他和CSCMP所定義的物流的目的，任務是吻合的，只是關注的角度不同，因此也有學者用這7個“恰當”來定義“物流”這個概念。Exercises:

PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1)Forexample,ifacompanypromisesthatallorderswillbeshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt,whatpercentageofordersareactuallyshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt?2)Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption,itinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.3)Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.4)Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.5)Weshouldkeepinmindthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies.Thenumberofactivitiesinalogisticssystemcanvaryfromcompanytocompany.DebatePropositions: 1.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyCSCMP,thepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Buthowaboutthecompany’sneedandbenefit?Ifwealwaysfocusonmakingthecustomershappy,thecompany’sprofitmightdrop.Whatisyourideaaboutthisdilemma(進退兩難的局面,困難的選擇)?2.Somepeoplethinklogisticalprofessionalsshouldgethighersalary,

doyouagree?ChapterTwo

PurchasingLearningobjectiveTounderstandthestepsofpurchasingToUnderstandthekeytermsintheprocessofpurchasingTolearnhowtoformulateapurchasingplanforasmallbusinessTolearntheimportantfactorsinbidderselectionUnit2PurchasingText1PurchasingDialogue1WhatisPurchasingText2PurchasingProcessDialogue2OrderingEquipmentText1Purchasing【Para1】DefinitionofPurchasing（采購的概念）

Purchasingisnotsimplybuyinggoodsandservices,anditisagroupoffunctionalactivitiesassociatedwithbuyingthegoodsandservicesrequiredbyorganizations.Theseactivitiesincludesupplieridentificationandselection,buying,negotiationandcontracting,supplymarketresearch,suppliermeasurementandimprovement,andpurchasingsystemsdevelopment,etc.Text1Purchasing【Para2】theRoleofPurchasing（采購的作用）

Themostimportantandtraditionalroleofpurchasingistomeettherequirementsofinternalusers.Inthepast,theemphasiswaslaidtobuywhatfirmsneedfromtherightsource,attherightprice,intherightquantity,totherightinternalcustomerandattherightspecifications.However,withtheincreaseofoutsourcing,firmsaremoreandmorerelyingonexternalsupplierstoprovidenotjustmaterialsandproducts,butalsoinformationtechnology,service,andevenlogistics.Therefore,toensuretheuninterruptedflowofhigh-qualitygoodsandservicesisbecomingmorecriticalformodernenterprises.Text1PurchasingPurchasingdepartmentmustdevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganizationwhichmayincludemanufacturing,marketing,technologyandfinance.Effectivecommunicationwiththesedepartmentsisessentialandnecessaryforthewholeorganizationtokeepascompetitive.Forexample,ifasupplier’scomponentsaredefectiveandcausingproblemformanufacturing,thenthepurchasingdepartmentmustworkwiththesuppliertoimprovetheirquality.Text1PurchasingInordertoensurethecurrentsuppliersarecompetitive,purchasingmustidentifynewsuppliersandimproveorreplacetheexistingsupplierswhoarenotmeetingtherequirements.Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.Text1Purchasing【Para3】theNeedofPurchasing（采購需求）

Nowadaystheneedforpurchasingtobeinvolvedincorporatestrategyhasreceivedagreatdealofattention.Thereasonisthattheamountofmoneyspentonpurchasinghasincreasedsignificantly,andthepotentialsavingsfromstrategicmanagementofpurchasingareconsiderable.Anotherfactoristhetrendtowardoutsourcing,whichmeansfirmsmustmanagetheirsupplierseffectively.Nowitisbelievedthatsuppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.Text1Purchasing【Para4】DecisionofPurchasing（采購決策）

Purchasingthoseproductsandserviceswhichfirmscannotproduceisnecessaryandeasilyunderstood,butiftheycanmakeorprovidetheseproductsandservicesin-house,whatwilltheydo?Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.Answeringsuchquestionsisoftennotasobviousasblackandwhite.Text1PurchasingTomakeitclear,managementneedstoanswerthequestion:Whatisthedifferenceinrelevantcostsbetweenthealternatives?Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.Text1PurchasingNewWordsandPhrasesfunctionaladj.功能的internaladj.內部的specificationn.規(guī)格,規(guī)范outsourcingn.外包，外購ensurev.

確保uninterruptedadj.不間斷的，連續(xù)的enterprisen.

企業(yè)，商業(yè)機構Text1Purchasingfinancen.

財務，金融essentialadj.

基本的，必需的competitiveadj.有競爭力的，競爭的componentn.

零件，部分defectiveadj.有缺陷的differentiationn.

差異化relevantadj.

相關的，相應的alternativeadj.

選擇性的，二中選

一的Text1Purchasingstrategicadj.戰(zhàn)略上的，關鍵的laidto把……歸于relyon依賴，依靠keepabreastof保持與...并列costleadership成本領先opportunitycost機會成本takeintoaccount重視，考慮Text1PurchasingNotes1．Theseactivitiesincludesupplieridentificationandselection,buying,negotiationandcontracting,supplymarketresearch,suppliermeasurementandimprovement,andpurchasingsystemsdevelopment,etc.

這些活動包括供應商的認定和選擇，采購，談判、合同簽訂，供應市場調研，供應商的考核和改進，以及采購系統的開發(fā)等等。Text1Purchasing2．Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.

這就意味著采購需要與供應市場的最新情況同步。Text1Purchasing3．Suppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.

供應商在支持企業(yè)的競爭戰(zhàn)略上可以扮演極其重要的角色，不管這種戰(zhàn)略是成本領先、差異化或是二者的混合。Text1Purchasing4．Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.

有關一個生產者會自己生產或者外包其產品或服務的決策也稱為生產或購買決策。Text1Purchasing5．Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.

因此，有必要在不同的可選項之間，計算各自的成本，考慮其資源和機會成本。最后，一些其它的戰(zhàn)略因素也需要考慮在內。Text1PurchasingExercisesⅠPairwork：talkingfacetoface,andthinkitover,discussthefollowingquestions.1．Whatispurchasing?2．Whatarethemaintasksforapurchasingmanager?3．Priceistheonlyvariableconcernedbypurchasingmanagers,isn’tit?Text1Purchasing4．Canpurchasingplayaroleinsupportingafirm’sstrategicsuccess?5．Whatrequiresthatpurchasingassumemoreresponsibility?6．Howdoyouunderstandtheroleofpurchasing?7．Howtomanagethesupplierseffectively?8．Howtoreducethepurchasingcost?Text1PurchasingⅡComprehension：True/False/NotMentioned.1．Purchasingissimplybuyingthegoodsneededbyfirmsororganizations.2．Meetingtherequirementsofinternalusersisthetraditionalroleofpurchasing.3．Nowadayspriceisnotimportantanymoreforpurchasing.Text1Purchasing4．Itisnecessarytodevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganization.5．Purchasingneedstoknowthelatestconditioninsupplymarket.6．Whenasupplier’scomponentsaredefective,thepurchasingdepartmentwillsolvetheproblemssolely.7．Supplierscannotplayaroleins